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MYCOFLORA OF CONIFERS OF THE NOVGOROD AREA I. SCLEROPHOMA SPP. ON A PINE
Lesovskaya S.G., Konstantinov A.V.
(NSU by name J. Wise, Novgorod The Great, Russian Federation)
In terrain of area two species Sclerophoma spp. are established, the brief biological description ofpathogens, their ecological features is given.
The absence of the authentic and classified items of information about a mycoflora of conifers growing on terrain of the Novgorod area determines an urgency of researches in this direction. The obtaining of the items of information about frame and dynamics of phytopathogenic complexes forms the basis for planning protective of measures, estimation of their efficiency, and also serves to problems of organization and management forest-pathology of monitoring on different ecology-manufacturing objects of forestry.
The purpose of activity is the description of biological and pathogenic features of exciters Sclerophoma spp. of a pine in conditions of the Novgorod area.
Under the literary items of information (Семенкова, Соколова, 2003) the given illness was loged only in the Leningrad and Orenburg areas. Sclerophoma spp. of a pine in terrain of the Novgorod area for the first time was captured in 2003 on cultures of a pine of 2001 of landing by the area 8,7 ha.
Pathographics tags of illness it finds out since May till October. On nature of a development of signs some phylums of a lesion are secured. In one case the propagules have a S-shaped bending, discolorations is not watched, on such propagules it is possible to find out brown necrotic sites of the prolated form of length up to 1 see. The needle has no tags of disease. In the friend - the staggered propagules are deformed and gain bright red colouring, on there are brown restringings. Later on staggered propagules there are necrotic segments of length up to 1,5 cm, in the beginning brown, after grayish colour. Hereinafter propagules or fastigiums is dead.
The features of a symptomatology of illness frequently allowed Sclerophoma spp. to troubleshoot Melampsora pinitorqua (A. Br.) Rostr. as a pine rust.
In laboratory conditions the mean samples, selected in a field, of staggered needle and propagules were investigated.
The phytopatologic expertise has shown availability in investigated samples of two pathogens of fungal nature. It Sclerophoma pithiophila (Corda) v. Höhn and Sclerophoma pithya v. Höhn, relating to imperfect funguses (Mitosporis fungi).
Microscopical tags: on propagule and in the basis needles from under a false skin act by longitudinal series black, oval or round pycnide. There of the cortex of propagules bursts and husks.
Issue of an infection contamination are staggered propagules, in the autumn they pass or remain about following year. The level Sclerophoma spp. decreases in process of increase of age of cultures. The distribution of a fungus is stipulated by a heat of air and deficit of a moisture, which was not watched within two last years in terrain of area, and was by the cause of constraining of distribution of an infection contamination.
The essential factors determining a capability of appearance and development of pathogen are: a thickness of landings (disturbance of a microclimate, decrease of stability); cultivation of plants on sand soils (disturbance of a feed). The hypothesis about distribution of disease Evetria in conditions of the Novgorod area confirms, in a view of detection of the given hexapod on a staggered site of cultures.
Sclerophoma ssp. is saprotrophyc and shows the aggressiveness at high zymotic
load.
Allowing injuriousness of disease, to further analysis are subject: dynamics of development of pathogens in connection with different ecology conditions of the plant -host, and also refinement of a role Evetria in distribution of disease inside a vegetative coenosis.
