Dictyosporium

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Dictyosporium
Dictyocheirospora bannica:
a Colonies on submerged wood. b Conidia and conidiophores. c–f Conidia. g Germinated conidium. h, i Culture, h from above, i from reverse.
Scale bars: a=200 μm, b, g=50 μm, c–f=30 μm
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Dothideomycetes
Order: Pleosporales
Family: Dictyosporiaceae
Genus: Dictyosporium
Corda (1836)
Type species
Dictyosporium elegans
Corda (1836)
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Dictyosporium is the type genus of fungi belonging to the family Dictyosporiaceae.[2] By an estimate in 2018 it is formed by 45 species.[3][4]

The species in this genus are saprobic on dead or decaying wood and can be found on dead wood and plant litter in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats.[5][6][7] The genus can be found worldwide, it has a cosmopolitan distribution.[2] The type species is Dictyosporium elegans, which was described by August Carl Joseph Corda in Witenweber (1836).[7]

Family taxonomy[edit]

Dictyosporiaceae[edit]

The family of this genus, Dictyosporiaceae, was created to accommodate a holomorphic group of Dothideomycetes, including 12 genera that are saprobes on decaying wood and plant debris in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.[5] The latest genera to be included were Dictyocheirospora, Dictyopalmispora, Jalapriya and Vikalpa.[7]

Dictyosporium[edit]

The genus was analysed molecularly and was previously situated phylogenetically inside the Massariinaceae family. But in 2015 Tanka et al. changed its position and situated the genus inside the current family Dictyosporiaceae.[5]

Dictyosporium is a paraphyletic genus and although since 2015 the family is correctly identified, the taxonomy of the genus is still unresolved and the number of species keeps changing.[7]

Number of Species[edit]

In 2012 Withon et al. added 11 species while Boonmee et al. removed 10 species from the genus. The next change was in 2013 when three new species were identified: D. aquaticum, D. meiosporum and D. thailandicum. In 2015 D. araucariae, D. indicum, D. hydei, D. olivacesporum, D. pseudomusae, D. sexualis, D. splendidum and D. wuyiense were newly identified. By 2017 the genus had 43 species while in 2018 two new species were identified (D. tubulatum and D. tratense) and the genus was formed by 45 species. [3]

Morphological characteristics[edit]

The teleomorph is characterized by a dark brown, subglobose, superficial ascocarp. It has bitunicate, cylindrical asci. The ascospores are fusiform, hyaline, uniseptate with or without sheath.[5]

The anamorph is characterized for producing sporodochial or effuse conidiomata.[7] They produce branched colonies, cheroid, from pale brown to yellowish brown, smooth conidia with 4-7 parallel rows of cells.[5][3][8] The conidiophores are inconspicuous.[8]

Dictyosporium is a heterogenous paraphyletic assemblage of species and the characters of some can differ from the type species.[7] The principal characteristic used to differentiate between species is the conidia size and the number of row cells.[8]

The diagnostic features that separates Distyosporium from Massarinaceae are their conidia features.[8]

Species[edit]

As of March 2022, Species Fungorum accepts 60 species of Dictyosporium.[9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Synonymy: Dictyosporium Corda, Weitenweber's Beitr. Nat.: 87 (1836)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Dictyosporium". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 20 April 2021..
  3. ^ a b c Zhang, Ying; Cai, Cheng-Shan; Zhao, Guo-Zhu (25 July 2017). "Dictyosporium wuyiense sp. nov. from Wuyi Mountain China". Phytotaxa. 314 (2): 251. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.314.2.6. ISSN 1179-3163.
  4. ^ Liu, Jian Kui; Hyde, Kevin D.; et al. (May 2015). "Fungal diversity notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species". Fungal Diversity. 72 (1): 1–197. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0324-y. ISSN 1560-2745. S2CID 15376509.
  5. ^ a b c d e Yang, Jing; Liu, Jian-Kui; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E.B. Gareth; Liu, Zuo-Yi (18 July 2018). "New species in Dictyosporium, new combinations in Dictyocheirospora and an updated backbone tree for Dictyosporiaceae". MycoKeys. 36 (36): 83–105. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.36.27051. ISSN 1314-4057. PMC 6060225. PMID 30057482. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  6. ^ Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Sato G, Toriyabe A, Kudo H, Hashimoto A, Matsumura M, Harada Y, Kurihara Y, Shirouzu T, Hosoya T. 2015. Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75–136.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Boonmee S, D’souza M, Luo Z-L, Pinruan U, Tanaka K, Su H, Bhat DJ, Mckenzie E, Jones E, Taylor J, Phillips A, Hirayama K, Eungwanichayapant PD, Hyde K. 2016. Dictyosporiaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity, doi 10.1007/s13225-016-0363-z.
  8. ^ a b c d Silva C, Gusmao L, Castañeda-Ruiz R. 2015. Dictyosporium amoenum sp. Nov. From Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Mycotaxon -Ithaca Ny- 130: 1125–1133.
  9. ^ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Dictyosporium". Catalog of Life Version 2022-02-18. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
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