Cassida rubiginosa, sometimes known as the thistle tortoise beetle, passes bacterial symbionts onto its offspring—a process known as vertical transmission—by harboring some of the bacteria in its reproductive tract so it can deposited on eggs in the form of a protected caplet. A new review published in the Journal of Insect Science examines existing research to explore the diverse relationships between holometabolous insects and their gut bacteria. (Photo by Laura Parsons, University of Idaho, PSES, Bugwood.org
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