Although infections due to fungal pathogens are rare, the incidence of such infections has increased over the last few decades, mainly because of growing populations of immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a Phialemonium curvatum fungaemia in a woman with a history of a peripheral stem-cell transplantation. The case is analysed with 20 other cases described in the literature since 1986. Adequate therapeutic management is becoming increasingly important for immunodepressed patients, in light of a broadened therapeutic choice of antifungals. Therefore precise and timely identification of fungi is needed. Therapeutic options with regard to Phialemonium fungaemia are also discussed. Key words: dematiaceous fungi, Phialemonium species, blood stream infection