Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera. The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to keep Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. In this paper, we present the arguments for this decision. We introduce new combinations for accepted species presently lacking an Aspergillus name and provide an updated accepted species list for the genus, now containing 339 species. To add to the scientific value of the list, we include information about living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative ITS, calmodulin, [beta]-tubulin and RPB2 sequences. In addition, we recommend a standard working technique for Aspergillus and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker. Key words: Fungal identification, Phylogeny, Media, Nomenclature. Taxonomic novelties: New names: Aspergillus baarnensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus chinensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus delacroxii Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus jaipurensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus solicola Samson, Visagie & Houbraken; New combinations: Aspergillus arxii (Fort & Guarro) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus assulatus (S.B. Hong, Frisvad & Samson) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus astellatus (Fennell & Raper) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus australensis (Samson, S.B. Hong & Varga) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus caninus (Sigler, Deanna A. Sutton, Gibas, Summerb. & Iwen) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus capsici (J.F.H. Beyma) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus cejpii (Milko) Samson, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus chlamydosporus (Gene & Guarro) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus denticulatus (Samson, S.B. Hong & Frisvad) Samson, S.B. Hong, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus desertorum (Samson & Mouch.) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus ferenczii (Varga & Samson) Samson, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus galapagensis (Frisvad, S.B. Hong & Samson) Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken, Aspergillus inflatus (Stolk & Malla) Samson, Frisvad, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus insolitus (G. Sm.) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus papuensis (Samson, S.B. Hong & Varga) Samson, S.B. Hong & Varga, Aspergillus pisci (A.D. Hocking & Pitt) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus pluriseminatus (Stchigel & Guarro) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus sclerotialis (W. Gams & Breton) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson, Aspergillus shendaweii (Yaguchi, Abliz & Y Horie) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus similis (Y Horie, Udagawa, Abdullah & Al-Bader) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken, Aspergillus tsunodae (Yaguchi, Abliz & Y Horie) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken.