KEYS    About TortAI    Fact Sheets    Glossary    ID Thumbnails    DNA Search    Dissection Guides Cacoecimorpha pronubana << Previous Next >> CAPS Secondary Target - Adult Port Interception Target - Larva Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hubner) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini) Common names: carnation tortrix, European carnation moth Synonyms: ambustana (Tortrix), hermineana (Tortrix), insolatana (Tortrix), perochreana (Tortrix) Fig. 1: Male Fig. 1: Male Fig. 2: Male Fig. 2: Male Fig. 3: Male Fig. 3: Male Fig. 4: Female Fig. 4: Female Fig. 5: Female Fig. 5: Female Fig. 6: Male genitalia Fig. 6: Male genitalia Fig. 7: Female genitalia Fig. 7: Female genitalia Fig. 8: Resting adult Fig. 8: Resting adult Fig. 9: Larva Fig. 9: Larva Fig. 10: Prothoracic shield markings Fig. 10: Prothoracic shield markings Adult Recognition FWL: 6.5-8.5 mm (male); 7.5-11.5 mm (female) Forewings are orangish brown to dark brown. A dark-brown median fascia is usually expressed in males while females are lighter with dark reticulations. The hindwings in both sexes are a distinctive bright orange and black, although many females lack black scaling on the hindwings. Males lack a forewing costal fold. Males fly during the day or early evening and have been observed "swarming" around sources of the female pheromone, sometimes in large numbers. Males have been captured in pheromone traps using pheromones from several other species, including Clepsis spectrana, Pandemis heparana, and Adoxophyes orana. Individuals of Cacoecimorpha pronubana can be separated from most other tortricids by their bright orange and black hindwings. Larval Morphology Late instar larvae are green to dark green with conspicuous light green pinacula, white seate, and dark brown to black spiracles. The head is green to yellowish brown with a dark brown to black posterolateral dash and variable dark brown to black markings on the posterior margin. The prothoracic shield is brownish green to yellowish brown, usually with distinctive dark brown to black markings on the posterolateral corners and other small markings near the mid-dorsal line. Thoracic legs are brown. The anal shield is variably mottled with brown or black, and an anal comb is present with 6 teeth in most individuals. Biology Number of generations per year varies from two generations in northern regions to 4-6 continuously overlapping generations in southern regions, where adults may be present year round. In Washington, adults are present in May through the end of September. Females deposit eggs in small groups. First instar larvae mine leaves or buds, while later instars roll or web leaves and terminals. Larvae may cause damage to fruit by webbing leaves to fruit or feeding between adjacent fruits. In areas where there are not continuous generations, overwintering occurs in the larval stage.  Host plants Cacoecimorpha pronubana larvae are highly polyphagous and have been recorded from more than 160 species of plants in 42 families. As its common name would suggest, this species is most often encountered as a pest of flowers in greenhouses, although the following partial host list includes many other economically important crops. Family Genus/species Common name Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria L. bishop's goutweed Apocynaceae Neruim L. oleander Apocynaceae Vinca L. periwinkle Asteraceae Aster L. aster Asteraceae Hieracium L. hawkweed Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. cabbage Brassicaceae Brassica L. mustard Caryophyllaceae Dianthus L. pink Celastraceae Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Japanese spindletree Celastraceae Euonymus L. spindletree Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis pistifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Cupressaceae Cupressocyparis leylandii (Dallim. & A.B. Jacks.) Dallim. Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain juniper Elaeagnaceae Hippophae rhamnoides L. seaberry Ericaceae Arbutus L. madrone Ericaceae Rhododendron L. rhododendron Ericaceae Vaccinium corymbosum L. highbush blueberry Ericaceae Vaccinium L. blueberry Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia amygdaloides L. wood spurge Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust Fabaceae Trifolium L. clover Fabaceae Vicia faba L. horsebean Geraniaceae Pelargonium L'Her. ex Aiton geranium Lauraceae Laurus nobilis L. sweet bay Lauraceae Persea americana Mill. avocado Liliaceae Narcissus L. daffodil Oleaceae Ligustrum L. privet Oleaceae Olea europaea L. olive Onagraceae Fuchsia L. fuchsia Pinaceae Pinus halepensis Mill. aleppo pine Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L. curly dock Punicaceae Punica granatum L. pomegranate Rosaceae Fragaria L. strawberry Rosaceae Malus Mill. apple Rosaceae Prunus L. plum Rosaceae Prunus L. cherry Rosaceae Prunus persica (L.) Batsch peach Rosaceae Pyrus L. pear Rosaceae Rosa L. rose Rutaceae Citrus reticulata Blanco tangerine Rutaceae Citrus L. citrus Solanaceae Capsicum L. pepper Solanaceae Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum garden tomato Tamaricaceae Tamarix L. tamarisk Thymelaeceae Daphne L. daphne Vitaceae Vitis L. grape Distribution Cacoecimorpha pronubana is native to Northern Africa and it is widely distributed across Western Europe to Asia Minor. It has been introduced into South Africa and North America, where it is present in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington). In early 2011 this species was discovered in California feeding on Daphne odora (winter daphne). In 2013 an infestation of C. pronubana on Daphne was discovered at the Denver Zoo in Denver, Colorado. References Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths - Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London, England. Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp. Van de Vrie, M. 1991. Tortricids in ornamental crops in greenhouses, pp. 515-539. In: L. P. S. van der Geest, H. H. Evenhuis (eds.), Tortricid pests, their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Wyoski, M. and Y. Izhar. 1976. The carnation leaf-roller Cacoecimorpha (Cacoecia) pronubana Huebner (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) on avocado trees in Israel. California Avocado Society Yearbook. 60: 92-95. Photo Credits Fig. 8: H. Dumas Tortricids of Agricultural Importance by Todd M. Gilligan and Marc E. Epstein Interactive Keys developed in Lucid 3.5. Last updated August 2014.