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Phylogeny of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales) from Hawaii and New York reveals novel species within the Cercospora beticola complex

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Abstract

The taxonomy of 44 specimens of cercosporoid fungi from Hawaii and New York, USA, was elucidated through multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the LSU and ITS regions of the nrDNA as well as partial sequences of the actin, calmodulin, histone H3, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes. Sequences of four additional loci, namely, partial beta-tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and the cercosporin facilitator protein-encoding gene, were used to resolve evolutionary species boundaries within the Cercospora beticola species complex using concatenated multi-locus phylogenies and the genealogical divergence index (gdi). Four novel Cercospora species, C. americana sp. nov., C. hawaiiensis sp. nov., C. manoa sp. nov., and C. tecta sp. nov. are described. Neocercospora carotae comb. nov. is made for Cercospora apii var. carotae, which is neotypified. Cercospora cf. citrulina and Pseudocercospora ocimi-basilici are reported for the first time in Hawaii. Cercospora beticola, Pluripassalora bougainvilleae, and Pseudocercospora pittospori are confirmed in Hawaii. Strelitziana africana, isolated from leaves of Ipomoea pes-caprae and Bougainvillea sp. affected by Cercospora spp., is reported for the first time in the USA.

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Data Availability

All sequence data used in this study are available on NCBI GenBank database. All alignments, trees, and analyses are available in TreeBASE. All fungal isolates are available from international culture collections.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Carol Bowden and David Strickland for the excellent technical support. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Shaun Pennycook (Landcare NZ) for nomenclatural advice. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

Funding

This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) Hatch project HAW08036-H (accession no. 1010616) administered by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, HI, USA; USDA-NIFA Hatch project NYG-625424, managed by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA; and the Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.

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  1. Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Niloofar Vaghefi, Sandeep Sharma & Sarah J. Pethybridge

  2. Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Niloofar Vaghefi & Roger G. Shivas

  3. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Scot C. Nelson

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  1. Niloofar Vaghefi
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Contributions

Sarah Pethybridge, Scot Nelson, and Niloofar Vaghefi contributed to the study conception. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Sandeep Sharma, Roger Shivas, and Niloofar Vaghefi. All analyses were performed by Niloofar Vaghefi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Niloofar Vaghefi and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Vaghefi, N., Shivas, R.G., Sharma, S. et al. Phylogeny of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales) from Hawaii and New York reveals novel species within the Cercospora beticola complex. Mycol Progress 20, 261–287 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01666-z

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