Abstract
Polystomatids (Polystomatidae) are platyhelminthes of the class Monogenea. While monogeneans are mainly fish parasites, all polystomatids, with a single exception, namely Concinnocotyla australensis (Reichenbach-Klinke, 1966) of the Australian lungfish, infect semi-aquatic tetrapods. The outlines of the Polystomatidae sensu Sinnappah et al. (Mol Phylogenet Evol 18:189–201, 2001) are given with the best modern classification, which now includes 30 genera of which 19 infect amphibians, 9 freshwater turtles, and one each infecting the Australian lungfish and the common hippopotamus, respectively. Diagnosis of subfamilies and genera is also presented, with type species and morphological characters. A family key to genus level is based on the most relevant morphological characters, host spectrum and distribution.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alvey CH (1936) The morphology and development of the monogenetic trematode Sphyranura oligorchis (Alvey 1933) and the description of Sphyranura polyorchis n. sp. Parasitology 28:229–253
Boeger WA, Kritsky DC (1993) Phylogeny and a revised classification of the Monogenoidea Bychowsky, 1937 (Platyhelminthes). Syst Parasitol 26:1–32
Boeger WA, Kritsky DC (1997) Coevolution of the Monogenoidea (Platyhelminthes) based on a revised hypothesis of parasite phylogeny. Int J Parasitol 27:1495–1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(97)00140-9
Boeger WA, Kritsky DC (2001) Phylogenetic relationships of the Monogenoidea. In: Littlewood DTJ, Bray RA (eds) Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 92–100
Bychowsky BE (1957) Monogenetic Trematodes: their systematics and phylogeny. Izdatel’stvo Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad
Campos A, Cummings MP, Reyes JL, Laclette JP (1998) Phylogenetic relationships of platyhelminthes based on 18S ribosomal gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 10:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1997.0483
Frost DR. 2023. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (12 October 2023). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001
Fuhrmann O (1928) Trematoda: Kükenthal’s Handbuch der Zoologie. W. de Gruyter, Berlin and Leipzig
Gallien L (1935) Recherches expérimentales sur le dimorphisme évolutif et la biologie de Polystomum integerrimum Fröl. Trav Stat Zool Wimereux 12:1–181
Hickman CP, Roberts LS, Larson A, l’Anson H, Eisenhour DJ (2006) Integrated principles of zoology. McGraw Hill, Boston
Kearn GC (1994) Evolutionary expansion of the Monogenea. Int J Parasitol 24:1227–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)90193-7
Littlewood DTJ, Rohde K, Bray RA, Herniou EA (1999a) Phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes and the evolution of parasitism. Biol J Linn Soc 68:257–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01169.x
Littlewood DTJ, Rohde K, Clough KA (1999b) The interrelationships of all major groups of platyhelminthes: phylogenetic evidence from morphology and molecules. Biol J Linn Soc 66:75–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01918.x
Littlewood DTJ, Cribb TH, Olson PD, Bray RA (2001) Platyhelminth phylogenetics – a key to understanding parasitism? Belg J Zool 131:35–46
Llewellyn J (1963) Larvae and larval development of monogeneans. Adv Parasitol 1:287–326
Lockyer AE, Olson PD, Littlewood DTJ (2003) Utility of complete large and small subunit rRNA genes in resolving the phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes: implications and a review of the cercomer theory. Biol J Linn Soc 78:155–171. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00141.x
Mollaret I, Jamieson BGM, Adlard RD, Hugall A, Lecointre G, Chombard C, Justine JL (1997) Phylogenetic analysis of the Monogenea and their relationships with Digenea and Eucestoda inferred from 28S rDNA sequences. Mol Biochem Parasitol 90:433–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00176-x
Monticelli FS (1903) Per una nouva classificatione delgi “Heterocotylea”. Monit Zool Ital 14:334–337
Nasir P, Fuentes Zambrano JL (1983) Algunos trematodos monogeneticos venezolanos. Riv Parassitol 44:335–380
Olson PD, Littlewood DTJ (2002) Phylogenetics of the Monogenea – evidence from a medley of molecules. Int J Parasitol 32:233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00328-9
Paul AA (1938) Life history studies of north American freshwater polystomes. J Parasitol 24:489–507
Perkins EM, Donnella SC, Bertozzi T, Whittington I (2010) Closing the mitochondrial circle on paraphyly of the Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) infers evolution in the diet of parasitic flatworms. Int J Parasitol 40:1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.02.017
Poche F (1926) Das System der Platodaria. Arch Naturgesch 91:1–459
Price EW (1939) North American monogenetic trematodes. IV. The family Polystomatidae (Polystomatoidea). Proc Helminthol Soc Wash 6:80–92
Prudhoe S, Bray RA (1982) Platyhelminth parasites of the Amphibia. British Museum of Natural History, Oxford Univ. Press, London
Rhodin AGJ, Iverson JB, Bour R, Fritz U, Georges A, Shaffer HB, Dijk PV (2021) Turtles of the world: annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. 9th edition. Chelonian Res Monogr 8:1–472
Sinnappah ND, Lim LHS, Rohde K, Tinsley R, Combes C, Verneau O (2001) A paedomorphic parasite associated with a neotenic amphibian host: phylogenetic evidence suggests a revised systematic position for Sphyranuridae within anuran and turtle polystomatoineans. Mol Phylogenet Evol 18:189–201. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0877
Wheeler TA, Chisholm LA (1995) Monogenea versus Monogenoidea: the case for stability in nomenclature. Syst Parasitol 30:159–164
Williams JB (1995) Phylogeny of the Polystomatidae (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea), with particular reference to Polystoma integerrimum. Int J Parasitol 25:437–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)00138-e
Williams JB, McKenzie J (1995) Scanning electron microscopy of Polystoma integerrimum (Monogenea, Polystomatidae). Int J Parasitol 25:335–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)00137-d
Wright RR (1879) Contributions to American helminthology. Proc Can Inst 1:54–75
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
du Preez, L.H., Landman, W.J., Verneau, O. (2023). Overview of the Polystomatidae: Systematics and Classification. In: Polystomatid Flatworms . Zoological Monographs, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35887-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35887-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-35886-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-35887-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)