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Various Aspects of Ammonia Fungi

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Developments in Fungal Biology and Applied Mycology

Abstract

Ammonia fungi are a chemoecological group of fungi, which sequentially occur after a sudden addition of ammonium-nitrogen that reacts as a base, or of alkalis. Sequential occurrence (= succession) of ammonia fungi proceeds anamorphic fungi, fungi in Ascomycota (mostly Discomycetes), fungi having smaller fruit bodies in Basidiomycota (all fungi belonging to these successional stages are saprobic species), and fungi having larger fruit bodies in Basidiomycota (mostly ectomycorrhizal species in Agaricales). They colonize into ammonium-nitrogen-disturbed sites as pioneer fungal species instead of those pre-inhabitants (non-ammonia fungi). The saprobic ammonia fungi well adapt or tolerate to high concentration of ammonium-nitrogen under neutral and weak alkaline conditions. Most of saprobic ammonia fungi effectively decompose cellulose and hemicellulose, but do not remarkably decompose lignin. This replacement described may be viewed as a kind of “compensation process” in nutrient cycle in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “Postputrefaction fungi” was first proposed in Japanese as “Fuhaiatokin” by Sagara (1997). “Fuhaiatokin” in Japanese means “postputrefaction.” Later, Tibbett and Carter separately defined such ecological group of fungi as “postputrefaction fungi” in English (Tibbett and Carter 2003).

  2. 2.

    “Ammonia fungi” was redefined as a chemoecological group of fungi which occur after urea treatment. According to the new definition, the species in “postputrefaction fungi” which do not occur after urea treatment cannot be called “ammonia fungi,” even when they occur by the treatment of nitrogenous materials such as peptone and different kinds of corpses.

  3. 3.

    A saprobic ammonia fungus Humaria velonovskyi occurs continuously from EP to LP (Sagara et al. 2008).

  4. 4.

    According to current classification, Lyophyllum tylicolor and Lyophyllum gibberosum are named Sagaranella tylicolor and Sagaranella gibberosa, respectively (Hofstetter et al. 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Knowledge Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8557, Japan

    Akira Suzuki

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  1. Akira Suzuki
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Correspondence to Akira Suzuki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

  2. TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India

    Sunil K. Deshmukh

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    B.N. Johri

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Suzuki, A. (2017). Various Aspects of Ammonia Fungi. In: Satyanarayana, T., Deshmukh, S., Johri, B. (eds) Developments in Fungal Biology and Applied Mycology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4768-8_4

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