ENTOGNATHA.

Presentation on theme: "ENTOGNATHA."— Presentation transcript:

1 ENTOGNATHA

2 Hexapoda Insecta Pterygota Neoptera Holometabola Apterygotes
Entognatha Archaeognatha Hexapoda Zygentoma Ephemeroptera Insecta Odonata Plecoptera Embiodea Pterygota Zoraptera Dermaptera Grylloblattodea ? Mantophasmatodea Orthoptera Phasmatodea Blattaria Isoptera Mantodea Neoptera Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Holometabola Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Apterygotes Strepsiptera Trichoptera Paleoptera Lepidoptera Hemimetabolous Holometabolous

3 Relationships among Hexapoda
Collembola Entognatha Protura Diplura Hexapoda Archaeognatha Insecta Thysanura Pterygota

4 What makes an entognathan an entognathan??
mandibles - moncondylic antennae - muscles on all segments gnathal pouch

5 What makes an entognathan an entognathan??
Ametabolous development Can be: epimorphic or anamorphic Same number of segments on each moult Segment added on each moult

6 Phylogeny of the Entognatha
Antennae Springing mechanism No cerci Collembola (springtails) Protura Entognatha No antennae No springing mechanism Diplura Cerci

7 Hexapod Orders Diplura Diplo - two, ura - tails Number of Species
ca. 800 Common names coneheads, diplurans Typical habitats Moist, cool areas - soil, leaf litter, moss Distinguishing characteristics mouthparts recessed in a pouch cerci eyeless small (about 1.5 cm) indirect mating - stalked spermatophore epimorphic development Other features

8 Hexapod Orders Protura Proto - first, ura - tail Number of Species
ca. 500 Common names None - proturans Typical habitats Moist, cool areas - soil, leaf litter Distinguishing characteristics mouthparts recessed in a pouch no cerci anamorphic development small (< 2 mm) walk with forelegs held aloft eyeless Other features

9 Hexapod Orders Collembola Coll - glue, embol - wedge or peg
Number of Species > 6000 Common names springtails, snow fleas Typical habitats Variable - soil, leaf litter, moss, aquatic Distinguishing characteristics mouthparts recessed in a pouch no cerci epimorphic development small (2 - 3 mm) spring mechanism collophore can have up to 50 adult moults Other features

10 Collembola - Features Collophore

11 Collembola - Features Spring - Jumping Mechanism retinaculum furca

12 Collembola - Features Spring - Jumping Mechanism furca (cross section) retinaculum

13 Collembola - Features

14 Snow Fleas - Collembola

15 INSECT - APTERYGOTA

16 Hexapoda Insecta Pterygota Neoptera Holometabola Apterygotes
Entognatha Archaeognatha Hexapoda Zygentoma = Thysanura Ephemeroptera Insecta Odonata Plecoptera Embiodea Pterygota Zoraptera Dermaptera Grylloblattodea ? Mantophasmatodea Orthoptera Phasmatodea Blattaria Isoptera Mantodea Neoptera Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Holometabola Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Apterygotes Strepsiptera Trichoptera Paleoptera Lepidoptera Hemimetabolous Holometabolous

17 Archaeognatha Insecta Thysanura Pterygota Mandibles long -
Molar Mandibles long - Molar & incisor surfaces - separated No wings Mouthparts exposed Archaeognatha Incisor Insecta Thysanura Mandibles short - Molar & incisor surfaces - close Molar Pterygota Incisor Wings Mouthparts exposed

18 Hexapod Orders Archaeognatha Archaeo - ancient, gnatha - jaw
Number of Species ca. 350 Common names bristletails Typical habitats Variable - moist, cool to desert and chaparral Distinguishing characteristics mouthparts exposed mandible with molar & incisor surfaces separate Other features development is epimorphic

19 Hexapod Orders Thysanura Thysano -bristle, fringe ura - tail
Number of Species ca. 400 Common names silverfish, firebrats Typical habitats Variable - moist, cool, dark - litter, houses Distinguishing characteristics mandible - molar and incisor surfaces close covered in scales ametabolous can live for 6 years (through 60 moults) Other features

20 Thysanura -panoistic ovariole

21 Review of Wingless Hexapoda
Antennae Furca Collembola No cerci Mouthparts in pouch Entognatha No antennae No furca Protura Cerci Diplura Hexapoda Mandibles with molar & incisor surfaces separated Archaeognatha Mouthparts exposed Insecta Mandibles with molar & incisor surfaces close Thysanura