Part 3 “Fishes” – an introduction. “Fishes” Vertebrata.

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1 Part 3 “Fishes” – an introduction

2 “Fishes”

3 Vertebrata

4 Figure 24.2 Vertebrata “Fishes”

5 Fish Diversity ca. 25,000 described species 482 families with living representatives

6 Largest > 12m Smallest < 1cm

7 Largest > 12m Smallest < 1cm

8 8,370m (27,455 feet) Deepest Abyssobrotula galatheae Highest 5,200m (17,000 feet)

9 Hottest Coldest up to 43.8° C (110.8°F) -1.86° C (28.6°F) Cyprinodon pachycephalus

10 Hypersaline Cyprinodon variegatus Up to 3x sea water

11 Torrential water Colorado River Fishes

12 Trogloglanis pattersoni Satan eurystomus Caves

13 Anoxic water

14 Airbreathing

15 Diet

16 Reproduction

17 Life Spans several weeks 150+ years

18 Primitive and early fishes

19 Living jawless fishes = “agnatha”

20 Jawless Fishes (living)

21

22 Class Myxini Hagfishes

23 We’re craniates, but not vertebrates

24 *distinct head, *tripartite brain *paired specialized sense organs *1 pair semicircular canals *glomerular kidney *2 pairs semicircular canals *vertebrae Craniate Vertebrate

25

26

27 Habitat – Life History

28 Hagfishes at home

29 Slime glands and slime

30 Hagfish Eggs

31 Mxyine glutinosa L. 1 Family 6 genera ca. 40 species Class Myxini hagfishes

32 Physiology very ‘invertebrate- like’

33 Human interactions

34 Hagfish fishery

35 Eel Skin

36

37 Vertebrata Vertebrates

38 Vertebrata at least 2 semicircular canals vertebrae fancy, vertebrate physiology

39 Lampreys are vertebrates

40 Class Cephalaspidomorphi Lampreys

41 We have vertebrae

42 2 families 6 genera 41 species Lampreys Class Cephalaspidomorphi

43 Lampetra tridentata Local Diversity

44 Lampetra similis Lampetra ayresi Lampetra richardsoni California Diversity (freshwater)

45 Predaceous lampreys Brook lampreys

46 Predaceous or parasitic life mode

47 Predaceous lampreys

48 Brook lampreys

49 Lampreys nesting

50 Ammocoete

51 Lamprey ammocoete larva Cephalochordate (amphioxus) Craniate Origin?

52 Ammocoete Amphioxus Niche + anatomy

53 Biodiversity and Conservation Lampreys have an image problem

54 Great Lakes and sea lampreys

55

56 Most Jawless fishes are fossil only

57 All sorts of fossil jawless fishes

58 Mineralized bone

59 Hagfishes and lampreys (living) Fossil things – “Ostracoderms” and conodonts

60 †Condodonta Earliest vertebrate ? (with bone)

61 †Condodonta

62 earliest bone

63 †”Ostracoderms” Fossil jawless fishes were more sophisticated that the surviving ones

64 Hagfishes and lampreys (living) Fossil things

65 *Smallish *Bony armor *Internal cartilaginous skeleton † “Ostracoderms” *Mostly benthic

66 † “Ostracoderms” - niche

67 †”Ostracoderms” – 2 major radiations More primitive More advanced

68 Primitive ostracoderms

69 Advanced ostracoderms

70 Jawed vertebrates derive from “ostracoderms” More advanced

71 on to creatures with jaws…. Jawed vertebrates

72 Early gnathostomes