Week 3: B. Classes of Fishes Lamprey Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes.

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1 Week 3: B. Classes of Fishes Lamprey Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

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3 Chondrichthyes ~1000 species sharks rays chimaeras Holocephali Elasmobranchii

4 shark body shape pectoral fin gill placement anal fin ray Elasmobranchs

5 Sharks ~400 species

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7 5th superorder

8 Sharks Galea (with anal fin) ~280 species Squalea (mostly no anal fin) ~120 species

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10 Week 3 sharks... Orectolobiformes ~33 sp with terminal mouth Lamniformes ~ 15 sp. with subterminal mouth Carcharhiniformes ~ 225 sp with subterminal mouth and nictitating eyelid

11 Carcharhiniformes subterminal mouth nictitating membrane

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13 cat sharks NEAq 2010: coral, chain Carcharhiniformes Scyliorhinidae ~160 sp.

14 oviparous keratin egg case

15 1-2 m >20 y captivity large interspecific schools along Calif. coast ovoviviparous ~30 pups/litter Carcharhiniformes Triakidae ~40 sp. hound sharks Triakis semifasciata leopard shark

16 requiem sharks Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus ~30 sp. ~no spiracles ~ram ventilators ~viviparity

17 black-tip reef Carcharhinus melanopterus 1.5 m interspecific schooling elaborate displays hierarchies

18 oceanic whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus pelagic scavenger at ship and plane wrecks

19 silky shark Carcharhinus falciformes with pilot jacks aggressive schools with tuna bycatch

20 grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides ~25 years

21 black tip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus

22 blacktip shark Carcharhinus tilsoni inshore spinner

23 bull shark Carcharhinus leucas freshwater spinner 2-3 m length

24 also Mississippi, NA Zambezi, Africa Lake Nicaragua, CA Amazon River Valley freshwater ~2000 mile migration

25 lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris color vision mature 24 y life-span 30 y replace teeth ~ 8 days 3 m long Carcharhinidae low oxygen, salinity

26 fast-growing matures 4-6 y lives~12 y

27 long labial furrows

28 nocturnal solitary only ovoviviparous carcharhinid 10-80 pups/litter

29 blue shark Prionace glauca widest ranging migratory > 6000 km/yr, 60 km/day speeds 30 km/h Carcharhinidae

30 no spiracles mating wounds female skin 3x thicker than male skin and teeth segregated schools aggressive ~13 ft ~20 y

31 threatened most heavily fished ~bycatch finned, discarded 50,000/yr off Hawaii 6 M/yr global

32 from Costa Rica

33 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) IUU illegal, unregulated, unreported to Singapore

34 Carcharhiniformes Sphyrnidae hammerheads

35 stereoscopic detection triangulation manueverability

36 acute vision, chemical and electrical detection

37 ~8 species winghead scoophead scalloped great hammerhead mallethead small eye bonnethead smooth

38 large schools near magnetic mounts bycatch high mortality

39 viviparity placental viviparity ~4 month gestation ~parthenogenesis

40 Carcharhiniformes subterminal mouth nictitating membrane

41 Week 3 sharks... Orectolobiformes ~33 sp with terminal mouth Lamniformes ~15 sp. with subterminal mouth Carcharhiniformes ~ 225 sp with subterminal mouth and nictitating eyelid