A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 872: 69–75 (2019) doi: 10.3897/zookeys.872.35378 Chyromyidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey 69 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Chyromyidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey M.J. Ebejer1, M. Barták2 1 Entomology Section, Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, UK 2 Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republi Corresponding author: M. Barták (bartak@af.czu.cz) Academic editor: Rudolf Meier | Received 11 April 2019 | Accepted 30 June 2019 | Published 20 August 2019 http://zoobank.org/8E3CAE13-B2F9-4F23-BD75-D480471D99E4 Citation: Ebejer MJ, Barták M (2019) Chyromyidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey. ZooKeys 872: 69–75. https:// doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.872.35378 Abstract The Chyromyidae of Turkey are reviewed and all 15 species known from the country are listed. The following are new records: Chyromya miladae Andersson, 1976, Gymnochiromyia inermis (Collin, 1933), Aphaniosoma approximatum Becker, 1903, A. micromacro Carles-Tolrá, 2001, A. propinquans Collin, 1949 and A. proximum Ebejer, 1998. Keywords Brachycera, faunistics, Schizophora, West Palaearctic Introduction The Chyromyidae is a poorly recorded family from several countries around the Mediterranean despite this family of acalyptrate Diptera being very diverse in this region. Until recently this family was poorly represented in most collections. Ebejer (2009) detailed what little is known about the biology and ecology of these flies. A review of Aphaniosoma Becker, 1903 included some records and descriptions of four new species of this genus from Turkey (Ebejer 1998a). Each of two papers on Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 added one new record of species in this genus (Ebejer 1998b, 2010). No other literature records of Chyromyidae from Turkey are known to us. In particular, it must be noted that there are no Chyromyidae known from the north, central, and eastern provinces of the country. There is likely to be an interest- Copyright M.J. Ebejer, M. Barták. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 70 M.J. Ebejer & M. Barták / ZooKeys 872: 69–75 (2019) ing diversity probably enriched by species from Central Asia from where many species were described (Ebejer 2006). Species of Aphaniosoma have been found at high altitudes in Central Asia where the climatic and ecological conditions are rather different from those typical of the Mediterranean, but to some extent are similar to those in mountainous eastern Turkey. In this paper we collate what is known about Turkish Chyromyidae and add new records. Materials and methods Most of the new material presented in this paper originated from Muğla Province (Akyaka, Toparlar, Dalyan, and Muğla university campus). Akyaka (Fig. 1) represents a typical habitat for Aphaniosoma. It is a wet salty meadow, partly influenced by tides. However, this locality was severely destroyed after 2015 by agricultural and recreational development. The saline meadow at Dalyan remains relatively unaffected (farm and orchard sites are situated close to this wetland). A small proportion of specimens originates from Aydın Province (Çine) where specimens were collected from the banks of a river flowing out of a dam, ensuring year-round flow of water. Many other rivers in southern Turkey dry out in summer, supporting only very poor dipteran populations. All species are listed below in alphabetical order under each subfamily and genus. Additional new data for each species are included where these are available and new records for Turkey are indicated. The material that has been examined for this paper was collected by M. Barták and Š. Kubík, unless otherwise stated, and by using yellow Figure 1. Wetland in Akyaka, SW Turkey. The locality inhabited by the maximum number of Chyromyidae, ten species. Chyromyidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey 71 water pan traps (PN), hand held sweep nets (SW), and Malaise traps (MT). Depositories of specimens are in M. Barták collection, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, unless otherwise stated and given in parenthesis at the end of each data entry thus: MJE = M.J. Ebejer collection, Cowbridge, UK; SMOC = Silesian Museum Opava, Czech Republic. Results Aphaniosominae Aphaniosoma Becker, 1903 Aphaniosoma approximatum Becker, 1903 Material examined. 7♂♂, Muğla Province, Akyaka, river bank, salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16–27.v.2011; 1♂, same data (MJE). This is the first confirmed record in the Mediterranean north of Egypt from where it was described. It is known from most of the Arabian Peninsula. Old records from Southern Europe and the Mediterranean are likely to refer to other similar species. Aphaniosoma brevivittatum Ebejer, 1995 Recorded by Ebejer (1998a). Material examined. 1♂, Akyaka, pasture, 6 m, SW, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.iv–8.v.2013; 5♂♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, SW+PT, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013, (1♂, MJE); 2♂♂, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 8–14.ix.2014; 1♂1♀, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 13–14.ix.2014; 2♂♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi–1.vii.2015. Aphaniosoma claridgei Ebejer, 1995 Recorded by Ebejer (1998a). Material examined. 9♂♂7♀♀, Akyaka, river bank, salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16–27.v.2011; 4♂♂1♀, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'08.9"N, 28°20'17.4"E, 16–22.ix.2012; 1♂, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23–27.ix.2012; 1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, SW+PT, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 28.iv– 9.v.2013; 2♀♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, SW+PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.iv– 9.v.2013; 3♂♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi–1.vii.2015; 1♀, 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 29.iv–i.v.2016. A very common and abundant species described from Greece but found in most of the countries around the Mediterranean. 72 M.J. Ebejer & M. Barták / ZooKeys 872: 69–75 (2019) Aphaniosoma impudens Ebejer, 1998 Described from Turkey. No new material has been examined. Aphaniosoma melitense Ebejer, 1993 Recorded by Ebejer (1998a). Material examined. 2♂♂4♀♀, Antalya, Manavgat, 3.5 km S, Titreyen lake, 1 m, 36°45'25"N, 31°27'19"E, 15.v.2011, J. Roháček (SMOC); 40♂♂12♀♀, Akyaka, river bank, salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16–27.v.2011; 15♂♂6♀♀, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'08.9"N, 28°20'17.4"E, 16–22.ix.2012; 1♂1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°03'N, 28°20'E, 23–27.ix.2012; 4♂♂2♀♀, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23–27.ix.2012; 1♂, Akyaka, pasture, 6 m, SW, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.iv–8.v.2013; 8♂♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, SW+PT, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 1♂1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, SW+PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 3♂♂, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 8–14.ix.2014; 5♂♂3♀♀, Dalyan, orchard, 4 m, 36°49'37"N, 28°39'39"E, 11.ix.2014; 7♂♂1♀, Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 11.ix.2014; 3♂♂, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, YPWT, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 13–14.ix.2014; 1♂, 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 28–30.vi.2015; 12♂♂1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi–1.vii.2015; 1♂2♀♀, Mugla, 730 m, university campus, MT, 37°09'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 5–19.viii.2015, H. Kavak; 1♂, Dalyan, farm, MT, 1 m, 36°48'54"N, 28°39'04"E, 8–20.viii.2015, Dursun; 1♀, Akyaka, 40 m, forest, SW, 37°03'19"N, 28°19'36"E, 26.iv.2016. This common and often abundant species was described from Malta. It is known from most of the countries around the Mediterranean and reaches Britain. Aphaniosoma micromacro Carles-Tolrá, 2001 Material examined. 1♂, Akyaka, pasture, 6 m, SW, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.iv– 8.v.2013. This species was described from Spain. New record for Turkey. Aphaniosoma necopinatum Ebejer, 1998 Described from Turkey. No new material has been examined. Chyromyidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey 73 Aphaniosoma propinquans Collin, 1949 Material examined. 1♂1♀, Akyaka, river bank, salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16–27.v.2011; 1♀, Akyaka, pasture, 6 m, SW, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.iv–8.v.2013; 1♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 1♂1♀, 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 28–30.vi.2015. Described from Britain, this is a widespread and fairly common species. New record for Turkey. Aphaniosoma proximum Ebejer, 1998 Material examined. 1♂, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'08.9"N, 28°20'17.4"E, 16–22. ix.2012; 5♀♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°03'N, 28°20'E, 23–27.ix.2012; 1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, SW+PT, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 1♂, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 8–14.ix.2014; 5♂♂1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi–1.vii.2015. A common and widespread species around the Mediterranean, extending as far as the United Arab Emirates. Sometimes found in large numbers. A new record for Turkey. Aphaniosoma scutellaris Ebejer, 1998 Described from Turkey, it has also been recorded from Germany. Aphaniosoma verecundum Ebejer, 1998 Described from Turkey. Material examined. 1♀, Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'08.9"N, 28°20'17.4"E, 16– 22.ix.2012; 1♂2♀♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi–1. vii.2015; 1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, PT, 37°01'52"N, 28°20'00"E, 27.iv–1.v.2016. Chyromyinae Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Chyromya miladae Andersson, 1976 Material examined. 1♀, Toparlar, lowland wood, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 22–24.vi.2015. This species was described from the Czech Republic but it has been found in Britain, Switzerland, and Germany. A new record for Turkey. 74 M.J. Ebejer & M. Barták / ZooKeys 872: 69–75 (2019) Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 Gymnochiromyia flavella (Zetterstedt, 1848) Recorded by Ebejer (2010). Material examined. 1♀, Antalya, Manavgat, 4.4 km S, Manavgat rivershore, 1 m, 36°45'01"N, 31°28'03"E, 15.v.2011, J. Roháček (SMOC); 1♀, 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 29.iv–i.v.2016. A common and widespread species throughout Europe extending from Scandinavia to North Africa. Gymnochiromyia inermis (Collin, 1933) Material examined. 1♀, Akyaka, river bank, salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16–27.v.2011. This species is a new record for Turkey. There are two other very similar species known from Israel and Lebanon. What is somewhat unusual for this record is the locality where it was found. These three species of Gymnochiromyia are most frequently encountered, though not exclusively so, in open woodland dominated by Quercus. Gymnochiromyia mihalyii Soós, 1979 Recorded by Ebejer (1998b). Material examined. 2♀♀, Akyaka, pasture, 6 m, SW, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.iv–8.v.2013; 1♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 1♀, Akyaka, salty meadow, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.iv–9.v.2013; 1♂, Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi–1.vii.2015. A widespread species in Europe and the Mediterranean, though not as common as G. flavella. Discussion We list one species of Chyromya (a new record), three of Gymnochiromyia (two new records), and 11 of Aphaniosoma (three new records). Although we found no literature records of Chyromya flava (Linnaeus, 1758) this very widespread species certainly occurs in Turkey. Chyromya britannica Gibbs, 2007 was described from Britain and later found in France, but even this species is more widespread than previously thought. MJE has seen a specimen from Slovenia collected in 1958 and housed among unsorted material in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Thus, its distribution may be more widespread than originally thought and it may also occur in Turkey. With regards to Aphaniosoma, given the numerous species present in the eastern part of the Chyromyidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey 75 Mediterranean, the many undescribed species known to MJE, and the fact that eastern Turkey has not been investigated for this family, it is very likely that the fauna is currently very under represented. We estimate that approximately 30 species should occur in this country. Acknowledgements MB thanks staff and students of the Department of Biology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey, namely Hasan Civelek, Oktay Dusun, Hanife Pala, and Hatice Kavak for their help with collecting specimens and for taking care of Malaise traps. Dr J. Roháček kindly offered material that he collected to include in this paper. References Ebejer MJ (1998a) A review of the Palaearctic species of Aphaniosoma Becker (Diptera, Chyromyidae), with descriptions of new species and a key for the identification of adults. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 45(2): 191–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/ mmnd.19980450208 Ebejer MJ (1998b) A new species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel (Diptera: Chyromyidae) from the Mediterranean, with notes, lectotype designations and a key to the species from the West Palaearctic. Studia Dipterologica 5(1): 19–29. Ebejer MJ (2006) New species of Aphaniosoma Becker (Diptera, Chyromyidae) from Central Asia. Studia Dipterologica 10(1): 249–296. Ebejer MJ (2009) A revision of Afrotropical Chyromyidae (excluding Gymnochiromyia Hendel) (Diptera: Schizophora), with the recognition of two subfamilies and the description of new genera. African Invertebrates 50 (2): 321–434. https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.050.0208 Ebejer MJ (2010) The identification of females of the west Palaearctic species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel (Diptera: Chyromyidae) and descriptions of five new species from Israel and the United Arab Emirates. Israel Journal of Entomology 40: 145–168.