Dormouse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For Lewis Carroll's fictional character, see The Dormouse. Dormice Temporal range: Early Eocene–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N African dormouse, Graphiurus sp. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Synapsida Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Suborder: Sciuromorpha Family: Gliridae Muirhead in Brewster, 1819 Subfamilies and genera Graphiurinae Graphiurus Leithiinae Chaetocauda Dryomys Eliomys †Hypnomys †Leithia Muscardinus Myomimus Selevinia Glirinae Glirulus Glis The dormouse is a rodent of the family Gliridae (this family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists). Dormice are mostly found in Europe, although some live in Africa and Asia. They are particularly known for their long periods of hibernation. As only one species of dormouse is native to the British Isles, in everyday English usage "dormouse" can refer either to that one species (the hazel dormouse) or to the family as a whole. Contents 1 Characteristics 1.1 Hibernation 2 Relationship with humans 3 Evolution 4 Classification 4.1 Fossil species 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Characteristics Dormice are small rodents, with body lengths between 6 and 19 cm (2.4 and 7.5 in), and weights between 15 and 180 g (0.53 and 6.35 oz).[citation needed] They are generally mouse-like in appearance, but with furred, rather than scaly, tails. They are largely arboreal, agile, and well adapted to climbing. Most species are nocturnal. Dormice have an excellent sense of hearing and signal each other with a variety of vocalisations.[1] Dormice are omnivorous, typically feeding on fruits, berries, flowers, nuts, and insects. They are unique among rodents in that they lack a cecum, a part of the gut used in other species to ferment vegetable matter. Their dental formula is similar to that of squirrels, although they often lack premolars: Dentition 1.0.0–1.3 1.0.0–1.3 Dormice breed once or occasionally twice a year, producing litters with an average of four young after a gestation period of 22–24 days. They can live for as long as five years. The young are born hairless and helpless, and their eyes do not open until about 18 days after birth. They typically become sexually mature after the end of their first hibernation. Dormice live in small family groups, with home ranges that vary widely between species and depend on the availability of food.[1] Hibernation One of the most notable characteristics of those dormice that live in temperate zones is hibernation. They can hibernate six months out of the year, or even longer if the weather does not become warm enough, sometimes waking for brief periods to eat food they had previously stored nearby. During the summer, they accumulate fat in their bodies to nourish them through the hibernation period.[1] The sleepy behaviour of the dormouse character in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland reflects this familiar trait of dormice. Relationship with humans The edible dormouse (Glis glis) was considered a delicacy in ancient Rome, either as a savoury appetizer or as a dessert (dipped in honey and poppy seeds). The Romans used a special kind of enclosure, a glirarium, to raise dormice for the table.[1] It remains considered a delicacy in Slovenia and in several places in Croatia, namely Lika, and the islands of Hvar and Brač.[2][3] Dormouse fat was believed by the Elizabethans to induce sleep since the animal put on fat before hibernating.[4] Evolution The Gliridae are one of the oldest extant rodent families, with a fossil record dating back to the early Eocene. As currently understood, they descended in Europe from early Paleogene ischyromyids such as Microparamys (Sparnacomys) chandoni. The early and middle Eocene genus Eogliravus represents the earliest and most primitive glirid taxon; the oldest species, Eogliravus wildi, is known from isolated teeth from the early Eocene of France and a complete specimen of the early middle Eocene of the Messel pit in Germany.[5] They appear in Africa in the upper Miocene and only relatively recently in Asia. Many types of extinct dormouse species have been identified. During the Pleistocene, giant dormice the size of large rats, such as Leithia melitensis, lived on the islands of Malta and Sicily.[6] Classification The family consists of 29 living species, in three subfamilies and (arguably) nine genera: FAMILY GLIRIDAE – Dormice Subfamily Graphiurinae Genus Graphiurus, African dormice Angolan African dormouse, Graphiurus angolensis Christy's dormouse, Graphiurus christyi Jentink's dormouse, Graphiurus crassicaudatus Johnston's African dormouse, Graphiurus johnstoni Kellen's dormouse, Graphiurus kelleni Lorrain dormouse, Graphiurus lorraineus Small-eared dormouse, Graphiurus microtis Monard's dormouse, Graphiurus monardi Woodland dormouse, Graphiurus murinus Nagtglas's African dormouse, Graphiurus nagtglasii Spectacled dormouse, Graphiurus ocularis Rock dormouse, Graphiurus platyops Stone dormouse, Graphiurus rupicola Silent dormouse, Graphiurus surdus Graphiurus walterverheyeni [7] Subfamily Leithiinae Genus Chaetocauda Chinese dormouse, Chaetocauda sichuanensis Genus Dryomys Woolly dormouse, Dryomys laniger Balochistan forest dormouse, Dryomys niethammeri Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula Genus Eliomys, garden dormice Asian garden dormouse, Eliomys melanurus Maghreb garden dormouse, Eliomys munbyanus Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus Genus Hypnomys† (Balearic dormouse) Majorcan giant dormouse, Hypnomys morphaeus† Minorcan giant dormouse, Hypnomys mahonensis† Genus Leithia† Maltese giant dormouse, Leithia melitensis† Leithia cartei† Genus Muscardinus Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius Genus Myomimus, mouse-tailed dormice Masked mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus personatus Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi Setzer's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus setzeri Genus Selevinia Desert dormouse, Selevinia betpakdalaensis Subfamily Glirinae Genus Glirulus Japanese dormouse, Glirulus japonicus Genus Glis Edible dormouse, Glis glis Fossil species Subfamily Bransatoglirinae Genus Oligodyromys Genus Bransatoglis Bransatoglis adroveri Majorca, Early Oligocene Bransatoglis planus Eurasia, Early Oligocene References  Baudoin, Claude (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 678–680. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.   Freedman, Paul. "Meals that Time Forgot" Archived March 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., gourmet.com, March 2008.   "Fifth Puhijada". otok-hvar.com   "10 ways to get a really good sleep", BBC News Magazine, 27 March 2009.   Storch, G.; Seiffert, C. (2007). "Extraordinarily preserved specimen of the oldest known glirid from the middle Eocene of Messel (Rodentia)". Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology. 27 (1): 189–194. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[189:EPSOTO]2.0.CO;2.   Savage, RJG; Long, MR (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide. New York: Facts on File. p. 119. ISBN 0-8160-1194-X.  Holden, Mary Ellen; Levine, Rebecca S (2009). "Chapter 9. Systematic Revision of Sub-Saharan African Dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae: Graphiurus) Part II: Description of a New Species of Graphiurus from the Central Congo Basin, Including Morphological and Ecological Niche Comparisons with G. crassicaudatus and G. lorraineus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 331: 314–355. doi:10.1206/582-9.1. Further reading Holden, M. E. "Family Gliridae". pp. 819–841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005. External links "Dormouse" at BBC Wales Nature Glirarium.org (English) (German) Dormice at The PiedPiper Dormice at The Dedicated Dormouse Site [show] v t e Extant families in order Rodentia [show] v t e Extant species of family Gliridae (Dormice) Categories: Dormice Natural monuments of Japan Extant Eocene first appearances Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Top of Form Bottom of Form Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies Languages العربية Azərbaycanca Башҡортса Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Diné bizaad Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Italiano ‎עברית ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Кырык мары Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Татарча/tatarça Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Walon 中文 Edit links This page was last modified on 15 December 2016, at 22:56. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view Habitat:- The dormouse lives in dense, deciduous woodland, coppice and thick shrubbery. Hazel coppice is a preferred habitat and the dormouse builds spherical nests of grass and honeysuckle bark situated a few feet from the ground. Hazel dormouse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hazel dormouse Temporal range: Middle Miocene – Recent Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Gliridae Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Muscardinus Kaup, 1829 Species: M. avellanarius Binomial name Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Geographic range The hazel dormouse or common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a small mammal and the only living species in the genus Muscardinus.[2] It is 6 to 9 cm (2.4 to 3.5 in) long with a tail of 5.7 to 7.5 cm (2.2 to 3.0 in). It weighs 17 to 20 g (0.60 to 0.71 oz), although this increases to 30 to 40 grams (1.1 to 1.4 oz) just before hibernation. The hazel dormouse hibernates from October to April–May. Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 2.1 Habitat 2.2 Protection status 3 Behaviour 4 Diet 4.1 Plants of value to dormice 5 Threats 6 References 7 External links Description The hazel dormouse has golden-brown fur and large, black eyes. It is a nocturnal creature and spends most of its waking hours among the branches of trees looking for food. It will make long detours rather than come down to the ground and expose itself to danger. Distribution and habitat The hazel dormouse is native to northern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the only dormouse native to the British Isles, and is therefore often referred to simply as the "dormouse" in British sources, although the edible dormouse, Glis glis, has been accidentally introduced and now has an established population. Though Ireland has no native dormouse, the hazel dormouse has recently been found in County Kildare,[3] and appears to be spreading rapidly, helped by the prevalence of hedgerows in the Irish countryside.[4] The first record of the dormouse in Ireland was noted in Co. Kildare in 2010.[5] The United Kingdom distribution of the hazel dormouse can be found on the National Biodivestity Network website. A 2016 study finds that hazel dormice in Britain have declined by over one third since 2000. Woodland habitat loss and management and a warming climate are seen as material threats to their future status.[6] Habitat Woodland Hedgerows – These are species-rich and connected to woodland. Ideally, they are three to four metres high, and left at least seven years before cutting, because many shrubs do not begin to fruit until that time period has passed. Nestboxes They seldom travel more than 70 m from their nest.[7] Protection status The hazel dormouse is protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act.[8] Behaviour In winter (October to November), the hazel dormouse will hibernate in nests on the ground, in the base of old coppiced trees or hazel stools, under piles of leaves or under log piles as these situations are not subject to extreme variations in either temperature or humidity. Dormice are almost completely arboreal in habit but much less reluctant to cross open ground than was thought even recently. When it wakes up in spring (late April or early May), it builds woven nests of shredded honeysuckle bark, fresh leaves and grasses in the undergrowth. If the weather is cold and wet, and food scarce, it saves energy by going into torpor; it curls up into a ball and goes to sleep. The hazel dormouse, therefore, spends a large proportion of its life sleeping − either hibernating in winter or in torpor in summer. Examination of hazelnuts may show a neat, round hole in the shell. This indicates it has been opened by a small rodent, e.g., the dormouse, wood mouse, or bank vole. Other animals, such as squirrels or jays, will either split the shell completely in half or make a jagged hole in it. Further examination reveals the cut surface of the hole has toothmarks which follow the direction of the shell. In addition, there will be toothmarks on the outer surface of the nut, at an angle of about 45 degrees to the cut surface. Woodmice and voles bite across the nutshell leaving clear parallel toothmarks from inside to outside. Woodmice also leave toothmarks on the outer surface of the nut but voles do not. Diet The hazel dormouse requires a variety of arboreal foods to survive. It eats berries and nuts and other fruit with hazelnuts being the main food for fattening up before hibernation. The dormouse also eats hornbeam and blackthorn fruit where hazel is scarce. Other food sources are the buds of young leaves, and flowers which provide nectar and pollen. The dormouse also eats insects found on food-source trees, particularly aphids and caterpillars. Plants of value to dormice Hazel is the principal food source, supports insects, forms an understory of poles, especially when coppiced, which makes it useful for its arboreal activity. The hazel dormouse's Latin name avellanarius means 'hazel'. Oaks supply insect and flower food; the acorns are of little value. Honeysuckle bark is their primary nesting material, and flowers and fruit are used for food. Bramble flowers and fruits provide food over a long period. The thorns give protection for nests. Dormice thrive on blackberries. Sycamore supplies insects and pollen, and a habitat. However, they cast a dense shade which decreases the understory. Ash – seed keys whilst they are still on the tree Viburnum lantana – fruits and flowers Yew – fruits are a favoured food Hornbeam – seeds Broom – flowers (in early summer) Willow – unripe seeds, supports many insects Birch – seeds Sweet chestnut provides an excellent foodsource, and the flowers are eaten, as well. Blackthorn – fruits (blackthorn fruit called "sloe") Hawthorn flowers are an important food in the spring. The fruit is eaten occasionally.[9] Threats Predation from Eurasian badger, fox, stoat, weasel, and domestic cat Trampling, e.g., deer and human Lack of food source, e.g., from too frequent hedge-trimming, or competition from other species, e.g., squirrels Destruction of forest and hedgerow habitats, or their diverse range of species, as a broad spectrum of food is required across the calendar year. A warming climate[6] References  Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Meinig, H. & Juškaitis, R. (2008). "Muscardinus avellanarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 29 October 2009.   Mitchell-Jones, A. J.; Amori, G.; Bogdanowicz, W.; Kryštufek, B.; Reijnders, P.J.H.; Spitzenberger, F.; Stubbe, M.; Thissen, J.B.M.; Vohralik, V. & Zima, J. (1999). The atlas of European Mammals. London: Academic Press. p. 484.   Ahlstrom, Dick. (2013-07-16). "The dormouse makes first appearance in Ireland". Irish Times.   Mooney, John. (2013-09-08). "Rare UK dormouse moved to Ireland". Sunday Times.   Marnell, F. and Donoher, D. (2013). First confirmed record of Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) in the wild in Ireland. Ir Nat J. 33: 77-78   Aldred, Jessica (9 September 2016). "Britain's dormice have declined by a third since 2000, report shows". The Guardian. London, UK. Retrieved 2016-09-09.   The Dormouse Conservation Handbook published by Natural England   Dormouse: European protected species. Natural England Species Information Note SIN005 (19 October 2007)  Hedgerows for Dormice. Ptes.org. Retrieved on 2012-12-28. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muscardinus avellanarius. The Mammal Society site with a Hazel dormouse fact sheet. There is also a book entitled The Dormouse available, by Pat Morris. Peoples Trust for Endangered Species site describing the hazel dormouse and its conservation Information and images from the BBC Extensive information and pictures Pet care A lot of facts, links and book reviews about the dormouse Dormouse nest-box construction [show] v t e Extant species of family Gliridae (Dormice) Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species Dormice Mammals of Asia Rodents of Europe Mammals of Russia Mammals of Turkey Animals described in 1758 Endangered species of the British Isles Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Top of Form Bottom of Form Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies Languages العربية Asturianu Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ Български Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk 한국어 Hrvatski Ido Íslenska Italiano Кырык мары Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Napulitano Norsk bokmål Plattdüütsch Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt West-Vlams Winaray 中文 Edit links This page was last modified on 20 December 2016, at 11:47. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view The Dormouse Site A Site Dedicated to the Hazel Dormouse Invalid or Broken rss link. Home News Book Store Gallery Downloads Site Map About Distribution The dormouse does not occur in Scotland or Northern Ireland. In Wales, there are few known populations and in England it has become extinct in up to 7 counties (comprising half its former range) in the past 100 years. It is absent from the north, except for small populations in Cumbria and Northumberland, and although dormice are still widespread in southern counties (Devon to Kent), they are patchily distributed. Population densities everywhere are less than 10 adults per hectare, even in good habitats. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved NERC 100017897 2004 This distribution map shows records of Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) in 10km squares compiled from all the public data sets. A casual glance at the map would seem to indicate a healthy population of Dormice, however you should remember this map is at a 10KM square resolution and shows only that a Dormouse is present. Compare the Distribution map below with that above, clicking on the pictures will enlarge them for a better comparison. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved NERC 100017897 2004 Latest News BBC News – Nottinghamshire woodland chosen for dormice release Twenty pairs of captive-bred dormice have been released in a secret woodland location in Nottinghamshire to help boost populations. The rodents, which can hibernate for up to six months, were once widespread but the species is now vulnerable to extinction. Conservationist Ian White said the animals have suffered due to habitat loss and poor management […] BBC News – Suffolk – Kiln Meadow in Ipswich ‘no longer for sale’ An Ipswich meadow, home to a large population of toads, will not be put up for sale again for housing, Ipswich Borough Council has announced. Developers had planned to build more than 100 homes on the 11-acre Kiln Meadow in Pinewood before planning permission expired last October. The council has now decided it will look […] Kiln Meadow Saved! Ipswich Wildlife Group are delighted with the decision of Ipswich Borough Council’s Executive committee to revoke the decision to sell Kiln Meadow. IWG Chairman Ray Sidaway said: “The ‘Save Kiln Meadow’ campaign has been long and complicated. The low point was when the previous administration decided to sell the site last July without due consideration […] Suffolk Wildlife Trust says harvest mice need farmers’ help Farmers are being asked to create more grass margins around fields to encourage harvest mice. The Suffolk Wildlife Trust (SWT) has been studying the tiny rodent to work out how to increase its numbers. They want to link up grassland, reed bed a riverbank habitats to allow the mice to thrive. Martha Meek, trust project […] Urgent! Save Kiln Meadow! Save Kiln Meadow for the Dormice! IBC is trying to sell a strip of land on the outskirts of Ipswich,  the land is good habitat for many species and the borders and hedges of the land contain Dormice. Please sign the petition : http://petitions.ipswich.gov.uk/SaveKilnMeadow/ This whole area has a number of wildlife species that should […] Top of Form Bottom of Form   Dormice on Facebook  Menu Home Video General Facts Habitat Diet Distribution Conservation Status Legal Status Licensing Fact Sheets Dormice Videos Links Site Map  Recent Posts BBC News – Nottinghamshire woodland chosen for dormice release BBC News – Suffolk – Kiln Meadow in Ipswich ‘no longer for sale’ Kiln Meadow Saved! Suffolk Wildlife Trust says harvest mice need farmers’ help Urgent! Save Kiln Meadow!  Recent Comments alan: Hi, My only experience of these beautiful little creatures is when one found its way under my tee shirt while i... Carole Barker: Hi, I work on a campsite just outside Colyton. The kids just found a dormouse in the games room, the...  Categories Latest News (33) News (33) Uncategorized (3)  Archives August 2013 (1) November 2011 (2) September 2011 (2) July 2011 (4) February 2011 (1) November 2010 (1) August 2010 (1) July 2010 (1) February 2010 (1) January 2010 (1) December 2009 (1) November 2009 (3) October 2009 (4) July 2009 (1) June 2009 (1) May 2009 (2) April 2009 (1) February 2009 (1) January 2009 (1) October 2008 (1) February 2008 (1) April 1996 (1)  Support the Site The site is collated by volunteers, help feed Sadii! (See the Gallery!) Top of Form Bottom of Form  Advertisement   Contact Us Contact Form  Advertisement  Support Wildlife Buy the Book!  Global-Aware.org National Orchestra seeks new conductors! Get Modern or Get Out! Over 2,300 trees felled for London exhibition An Act or just acting? Royals in Space Decade of campaigning pays off Ashamed to be Human Squatters Rights Fantastic Life of Mr Fox Wildlife crimes are not acceptable  Environment Agency  BBC News Copyright © 2017 The Dormouse Site. Creative Commons 2.0 UK. Global-Aware.org Conservation News Site Powered by WordPress. Conservation Status The Dormouse is listed as a UK Biodiversity Action Plan species, having 40 Local Biodiversity Action plans listed on the UK BAP website. The UK Dormouse is considered to be in decline and extremely vulnerable, however recent studies show a small slow down in this decline in some areas. Over the last 100 years the Dormouse has disappeared from about half its geographical range in Britain. Climate can have a big impact on the Dormouse, firstly altering the time of emergence from hibernation, but also on the availability of it’s food.  The low population density of Dormice and it’s extremely slow rate of population increase makes the Dormouse highly vulnerable to any change in it’s environment. Changes in woodland management practice, notably cessation of hazel coppicing have had a major impact on the population of Dormice. Lack of management leads to wooded areas having many tall stands, this in turn blocks light to the understory leaving large areas without any ground cover vegetation, removing just a few of these stands can lead to a dramatic transformation and growth of  species such as bramble. Even when coppicing is put back into practice the habitat can be destroyed by over grazing from such species as Muntjac who will eat all the new coppice shoots, eventually killing the coppice stool. Most deer species’ foraging will destroy the under canopy of a woodland, removing vital food species of the Dormouse, evidence of this can be seen at too many of our wooded areas, a height line of vegetation is clearly visible along the borders, the height of this line being determined by the height of the culpable deer species. Fragmentation and clearing of woodland over the past century has left isolated, non-viable populations of Dormice. Dormice will only travel short distances, possibly as little as 100m, across open ground preferring arboreal routes, however modern agricultural practices since the Second World War have been largely responsible for removing these ‘corridors’ from the British landscape. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) list the Hazel Dormouse as “Least Concern” Least Concern. This is a relatively common and widespread species across its range. However, in parts of its northern range (e.g. UK, Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, Denmark) populations are declining and fragmented as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation. In these areas there is cause for concern. For more details please see http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/13992/0