Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3): 215–274 (2019)
ISSN: 0032-3780
Online ISSN: 2299-9884
DOI: 10.2478/pjen-2019-0017
Trogossitidae, Lophocateridae, Peltidae and Thymalidae (Coleoptera:
Cleroidea) of Poland: distribution, biology and conservation
MAREK MIŁKOWSKI1, JAN TATUR-DYTKOWSKI2, JERZY M. GUTOWSKI3,
RAFAŁ RUTA4*, JANUSZ GRZYWOCZ5, SZYMON KONWERSKI6,
ROMAN KRÓLIK7, DANIEL KUBISZ8, ANDRZEJ LASOŃ9, ANDRZEJ MELKE10,
TOMASZ OLBRYCHT11, HENRYK SZOŁTYS12, MAREK WANAT13
Królowej Jadwigi 19 m. 21, 26-600 Radom, Poland
2
Wąwozowa 4/17, 02-796 Warszawa, Poland
3
Forest Research Institute, Department of Natural Forests, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland;
ORCID: 0000-0002-5085-2557
4
Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wrocław,
Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; ORCID: 0000-0002-2039-7979
5
Szpitalna 19, 41-711 Ruda Śląska, Poland
6
Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University,
Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; ORCID: 0000-0002-6438-8759
7
Mickiewicza 8, 46-200 Kluczbork, Poland
8
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS, Św. Sebastiana 9, 31-049
Kraków, Poland
9
Wiejska 4B/85, 15-352 Białystok, Poland
10
Św. Stanisława 11/5, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; ORCID: 0000-0002-2039-7979
11
University of Rzeszów, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Department of Agroecolgy,
M. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
12
Park 9, 42-690 Brynek, Poland
13
Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław,
Poland; ORCID: 0000-0001-8560-7095
1
*
Corresponding author: rafal.ruta@uwr.edu.pl
Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3)
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ABSTRACT. Distributional data for 10 species of Peltidae, Lophocateridae, Trogossitidae and
Thymalidae recorded from Poland are summarised, and numerous unpublished records are
reported. Data on feeding and habitat preferences are analysed. Calitys scabra and Temnoscheila
caerulea are probably extinct in Poland. Grynocharis oblonga, Nemozoma elongatum and
Tenebroides mauritanicus are relatively common in Poland. Nemozoma caucasicum is currently
spreading within Europe and several new records in Poland are reported. Peltis ferruginea, P.
grossa, and Thymalus limbatus are restricted to natural forests in Poland, where they are sometimes
abundant. We suggest adding Peltis ferruginea and Thymalus limbatus to the Polish Red List of
Animals. The opinion that Grynocharis oblonga and Tenebroides mauritanicus are relicts of natural
forests does not seem justified.
KEY WORDS: Bark-gnawing beetles, saproxylic species, faunistics, new records, distribution
maps.
INTRODUCTION
Trogossitidae and related families of beetles belong to the most unstable and problematic
family-level taxa within the superfamily Cleroidea. A recent study based on molecular data
(GIMMEL et al. 2019) showed that Trogossitidae (sensu: BOUCHARD et al. 2011) should be
divided into several families, including Trogossitidae, Lophocateridae, Peltidae and
Thymalidae. Most of the species recorded in Poland are easily identifiable, but despite this,
our knowledge of their distribution, biology and habitat preferences is still limited.
Historical data on the species recorded in Poland are summarised in BOROWIEC (1983) and
BURAKOWSKI et al. (1986). A key to the identification of species known from central
Europe was published by KOLIBÁČ (1993) and again by KOLIBÁČ et al. (2005).
The present paper deals with 10 species and 8 genera that have hitherto been recorded in
Poland. Only some species are commonly recorded. Several of the rare species occur in
natural forests, where they are associated with large-sized deadwood and wood-inhabiting
fungi. Two species – Calitys scabra (THUNBERG, 1784) and Temnoscheila caerulea
(OLIVIER, 1790) – have not been observed in Poland for over 100 years. Lophocateres
pusillus (KLUG, 1833) is known from a single, accidental introduction to Poland.
In this paper, we have gathered unpublished data on ca. 3500 specimens collected in
over 200 UTM squares (10 x 10 km) from institutional and private collections (Fig. 1). We
have summarised data on the occurrence and habitat preferences in Poland of each species.
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
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Fig. 1. Published records of Trogossitidae, Lophocateridae, Peltidae, and Thymalidae in
Poland (black squares) and findings reported in the present paper (red circles).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the review of species, the division of Poland into regions is adopted after
BURAKOWSKI et al. (1973). Records within a region are ordered alphabetically, and a 10
x 10 km UTM square is given for each record. Distribution maps were created with
Gnomon 3.2 software. When only an approximate locality is known, e.g. the localities
denoted as “Przemyśl vic.” in the collection of T. TRELLA, the UTM square is marked with
an asterisk (*).
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Published records presented on the maps (Fig. 1–2, 4, 7–11, 13) are based on the
following papers: RENDSCHMIDT (1841), KELCH (1846), ZEBE (1852), ROGER (1856),
ROTTENBERG (1864, 1868), JABŁOŃSKI (1869), REITTER (1870), WACHTL (1870), LETZNER
(1871), VIERTL (1872), KOTULA (1873), NOWICKI (1873), LENTZ (1879), FEIN & HAASE
(1881), STOBIECKI (1883), ŁOMNICKI (1886), LETZNER (1888), SCHUMANN (1904), ALBIEN
(1905), LGOCKI (1908), GERHARDT (1910), RIEHN (1912), TENENBAUM (1913), WANKA
(1915), DORN (1919), SZULCZEWSKI (1922), NOWOTNY & POLENTZ (1933), RUSZKOWSKI
(1933), SCHMIDT (1935), KUNTZE (1936), SCHMIDT (1938), STEFEK (1939), KLEINE (1940),
POLENTZ (1942), SKURATOWICZ & URBAŃSKI (1953), JANICKI et al. (1959), HORION
(1960), PAWŁOWSKI (1967, 1968), SENICZAK (1968), CAPECKI (1969), GIDASZEWSKI
(1974), BAŁAZY & MICHALSKI (1977), BERCIO & FOLWACZNY (1979), PRĄDZYŃSKA
(1988), KUBISZ & SZWAŁKO (1991), PAWŁOWSKI et al. (1994), GRZYWOCZ & SZOŁTYS
(1996), MAZUR et al. (1996), BURAKOWSKI (1997), KONWERSKI (1997), SZAFRANIEC
(1997), SZAFRANIEC & SZOŁTYS (1997), SZAFRANIEC et al. (1999), BOROWSKI (2001), BYK
(2001), MOKRZYCKI (2001, 2002), RUTKIEWICZ (2001), RUTA & MELKE (2002), MELKE
& GRZYWOCZ (2003), BYK & BYK (2004), BYK et al. (2006), GUTOWSKI et al. (2006),
HILSZCZAŃSKI (2006), TYKARSKI (2006), BOROWIEC (2007), BYK (2007), RUTA (2007),
MIŁKOWSKI & WOJAS (2008), MOKRZYCKI et al. (2008), BUCHHOLZ & BIDAS (2012),
PLEWA et al. (2014), OLBRYCHT et al. (2015), PAPIS & MOKRZYCKI (2015), HOLLY (2016),
RUTA et al. (2016), MIŁKOWSKI (2017), BUCHHOLZ & MELKE (2018), TATUR-DYTKOWSKI
(2018).
Collectors: AB – Antoni BARTOSZYŃSKI; ABO – Adam BOHDAN; AEBG – Andrzej
GRUSZKA, Ewa GRUSZKA and Barbara GRUSZKA; AJ – Andrzej JANKOWICZ; AK – Adam
KISIEL; AL – Andrzej LASOŃ; ALU – Albert LÜLLWITZ; AM – Andrzej MELKE; AMA – A.
MACIEJEWSKI; AR – Adolf RIEDEL; AS – Andrzej SZEPTYCKI; BB – Bolesław
BURAKOWSKI; BG – Barbara GRUSZKA; BK – Bolesław KOTULA; BP – Bohdan PISARSKI;
DI – Dariusz IWAN; DK – Daniel KUBISZ; EB – Edward BARANIAK; EG – Ewa GRUSZKA;
EK – Eugeniusz KIERYCH; EM – Edward MAZUR; EW – Eustachy WRÓBLEWSKI; FF –
Franciszek FEJFER; FK – Franz KIRSCH; GP – Georg POLENTZ; HN – Hans NOWOTNY; HS
– Henryk SZOŁTYS; JG – Janusz GRZYWOCZ; JKM – Jan Kajetan MŁYNARSKI; JŁ – Jerzy
ŁUGOWOJ; JM – Jacek MAROŃ; JMA – Józef MAKÓLSKI; JMG – Jerzy M. GUTOWSKI; JP –
Jerzy PAWŁOWSKI; JPA – J. PAJĄK; JPO – J. PODOSKI; JR – Jerzy RAZOWSKI; JS – Jan
SIEKIERSKI; JTD – Jan TATUR-DYTKOWSKI; KB – K. BIELEWICZ; KK – Kurt KUNTZE; KL
– Krzysztof LUBECKI; KLE – Karl LETZNER; KP – K. PTAK; KS – Karol STEFEK; KSU –
Krzysztof SUĆKO; KT – K. TERLECKI; KZ – Katarzyna ŻUK; LB – Lech BOROWIEC; LBU –
Lech BUCHHOLZ; MB – Marek BARTOSIK; MBM – Maciej MROCZKOWSKI; MKS – Monika
KUCHARSKA-ŚWIERSZCZ; MB – Mariusz BOĆKOWSKI; MM – Marek MIŁKOWSKI; MR –
Michał RYBIŃSKI; MW – Marek WANAT; PCH – Piotr CHACHUŁA; PF – P. FRANK; PH – P.
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HEYMES; PJ – Paweł JAŁOSZYŃSKI; PK – Piotr KOŚCIÓŁEK, PT – Przemysław TROJAN; RB –
Ryszard BIELAWSKI; RBO – R. BOREK; RD – Roland DOBOSZ; RK – Roman KRÓLIK; RP –
Radosław PLEWA; RR – Rafał RUTA; RS – Richard SCHOLZ; SA – Stanisław ADAMCZEWSKI;
SAS – Stefan A. STOBIECKI; SK – Szymon KONWERSKI; SKA – Stanisław KADYI; SN –
Szymon NOWAKOWSKI; SP – Stanisław POPEK; SSZ – Stanisław SZAFRANIEC; ST – Szymon
TENENBAUM; STO – Sergiusz TOLL; TB – Tadeusz BZIUK; TH – Tomasz HUFLEJT; TK –
Tomasz KOŚCIELNY; TM – Tomasz MAJEWSKI; TN – Tomasz NABIAŁKOWSKI; TO –
Tomasz OLBRYCHT; TT – Tadeusz TRELLA; WB – W. BEDNAREK; WD – Władysław
DOLIŃSKI; WE – Witold EICHLER; WK – Wilhelm KOLBE; WKU – Wojciech KUBASIK; WM
– Wojciech MĄCZYŃSKI; ZS – Zygmunt ŚLIWIŃSKI; ZSC – Zbigniew SCHNAIDER; ZSP –
Zygmunt SIERPIŃSKI; ZW – Z. WIERZBICKI.
Depositories (if different from the finder’s collection): [AL] – coll. A. LASOŃ,
Białystok; [AM] – coll. A. MELKE, Kalisz; [HS] – coll. H. SZOŁTYS, Brynek; [ISEA] –
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków;
[JG] – coll. J. GRZYWOCZ, Ruda Śląska; [JMG] – coll. J.M. GUTOWSKI, Białowieża; [KR] –
coll. K. RUDZIŃSKI, Złocieniec; [MIZ] – Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; [MM] – coll. M. MIŁKOWSKI, Radom; [MNHW] –
Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, Wrocław; [PJ] – coll. P. JAŁOSZYŃSKI,
Poznań; [PNPM] – collection of the Pieniny National Park museum; [RK] – coll. R.
KRÓLIK, Kluczbork; [RP] – coll. R. PLEWA, Sękocin Stary, [RR] – coll. R. RUTA, Wrocław;
[SDEI] – Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologische Institut; [SK] – coll. Sz. KONWERSKI,
Poznań; [TO] – T. OLBRYCHT, Rzeszów; [USMB] – Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom.
The original spelling of localities is given in square brackets.
Abbreviations used in the text: ad – near, coll. – collection; comp. – forest
compartment (“oddział leśny”); cult. – reared; ex. (exx.) – specimen (specimens); det. –
identified (by); for. distr. – forest district (“nadleśnictwo”); for. div. – forest division
(“leśnictwo”); Is. – island; leg. – collected (by); LP – Landscape Park; Mt. (Mts.) –
mountain (mountains); NP – National Park; obs. – observation; res. – nature reserve; SAC –
Natura 2000, Special Area of Conservation; vic. – vicinity.
SPECIES OVERVIEW
Family: Trogossitidae
Calitys scabra (THUNBERG, 1784)
Material examined. Eastern Sudeten Mts.: Kłodzko (Glatz) (XR18), collecting date
unknown – 1 ex., leg. KLE [SDEI]. Western Beskid Mts.: Roztoka Wielka (DV78),
Radziejowa Mt., 16 VII 1898 – 1 ex., leg. SAS (published as “vicinity of Rytro” in ROSSA
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2004). Tatra Mts.: Kuźnice (DV25), 2 VII, year unknown (end of 19 th century) – 2 exx.,
leg. MR [ISEA]; “Tatry”, without precise locality, mid-19th century – 2 exx., leg. EW
[ISEA].
Distribution. A widely distributed species, extending from western Europe and north
Africa to the Russian Far East and North America. A boreal-montane species in Europe,
nowadays extinct in many localities. In Poland known from 19 th century findings but never
found since (Fig. 2, 3). The species has not been recorded from the Tatra Mts. before.
Regarding its occurrence in the Czech eastern Sudeten Mts. (MERTLIK 2011), further
searches are necessary, as a rediscovery of the species is still possible.
Fig. 2. Calitys scabra (published records – black squares, old records reported in the
present paper – red circles), Temnoscheila caerulea (published records – black circles) and
Lophocateres pusillus (yellow circle) – distribution in Poland.
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Fig. 3. Calitys scabra – a historical specimen
collected near Kłodzko (= Glatz) by
K. LETZNER, deposited in the Senckenberg
Deutsches
Entomologische
Institut,
Müncheberg; phot. R. RUTA.
Biology. Develops in old, rotting coniferous trees, like spruce, pine, larch and fir; larvae
feed on fungi; adults are usually collected under bark and in rotting wood (KOLIBÁČ et al.
2005).
Nemozoma caucasicum MÉNÉTRIÉS, 1832
Material examined. Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland: Plewiska ad Poznań (XU20),
23 IX–30 X 2017 – 30 exx., 15 IV–10 V 2018 – 12 exx., on a stack of firewood (mostly ash
branches, 15–30 cm in diameter), leg. SK. Małopolska Upland: SAC “Dolina Zwoleńki”,
“Borowiec” res. (EB58), 1 V–25 V 2018 – 1 ex., IBL-2 window trap with a set of
pheromones, edge of pine forest, leg. MM. Upper Silesia: Piekary Śląskie, Kozłowa Góra
(CA58), 30 IX 2017 – 10 exx., in galleries of Hylesinus varius (FABR.) on a small piece of
a Fraxinus excelsior L. branch lying on the ground, with numerous pupae, leg. HS, 28
X 2017 – 5 exx., under the bark of a dead branch of Fraxinus excelsior, in galleries of
Hylesinus sp., leg. RK [JG]; “Łężczok” res. (CA05), 20 VI- 9 VII 2018 – 1 ex., leg. JM
[HS] (IBL2 trap). Sandomierz Lowland: Rzeszów, Śródmieście, Jagiellońska Street
(EA74), 26 III 2011 – 1 ex., basement in a tenement house, on firewood, leg. PK [TO], det.
AM.
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Distribution. Species described from the Caucasus; recorded in Crimea, Germany,
Austria, Poland, Slovakia and France (KOLIBÁČ 2007, PANKOW 2010, BRUSTEL & ROGÉ
2011). Records from some European countries during the past dozen or so years may be
interpreted as an ongoing expansion. However, the oldest French specimen was collected in
1927 (BRUSTEL & ROGÉ 2011). Recently recorded in the Mazovian Lowland
(HILSZCZAŃSKI 2006) as new for the Polish fauna. Also recorded in the Małopolska Upland
and the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (MIŁKOWSKI & WOJAS 2008), Lublin Upland
(PLEWA et al. 2014) and other localities in the Mazovian Lowland (TATUR-DYTKOWSKI
2018). The species is new for the Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland, Upper Silesia and the
Sandomierz Lowland (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Nemozoma caucasicum (published records – black squares, records reported in the
present paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
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Biology. According to observations from southern Russia, larvae develop in galleries of
Hylesinus fraxini (PANZER, 1779) on ash, galleries of Scolytus mali (BECHSTEIN, 1805) on
pear and in galleries of Pteleobius vittatus (FABRICIUS, 1792) on elm. The species has
recently been recorded in central Poland on ash infested by Hylesinus crenatus (FABRICIUS,
1787) (Fig. 5). The beetles were found penetrating H. crenatus mother galleries in search of
bark beetles (Fig. 6). A N. caucasicum imago was observed consuming a female of H.
crenatus captured in its own gallery (TATUR-DYTKOWSKI 2018). Adult beetles emerge from
the end of April or the beginning of May (KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005). According to recent
observations, adults are active both in the bark and on its surface, where they actively
search for bark beetles. Imagines prefer thick bark with cracks. They are active both in
daylight and after dusk until midnight (TATUR-DYTKOWSKI 2018).
Fig. 5. Habitat of Nemozoma caucasicum – ash-alder carr (Fraxino-Alnetum), “Las
Natoliński” nature reserve in Warsaw; phot. J. TATUR-DYTKOWSKI.
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Fig. 6. Adults of Nemozoma caucasicum in larval galleries of Hylesinus crenatus
(FABRICIUS, 1787) under the bark of Fraxinus excelsior L., “Las Natoliński” nature reserve
in Warsaw; phot. J. TATUR-DYTKOWSKI.
Nemozoma elongatum (LINNAEUS, 1761)
Material examined. Pomeranian Lake District: Kujan vic. (XV41), near Karolewo
forester’s lodge, 14 VIII 1999 – 2 exx., under the bark of a Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.
branch, leg. RR. Masurian Lake District: Pisz Forest (“Puszcza Piska”), Snopki vic. ad
Pisz, comp. 241 (EE44), pine forest, 28 V–17 VI 2013 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap,
leg. JMG; Pisz Forest, Snopki vic. ad Pisz, comp. 248 (EE44), pine forest, 9 VI–1 VII 2009
– 2 exx., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Romincka Forest (“Puszcza Romincka”),
Jurkiszki (EF81), 3 VII 2014 – 1 ex., leg. RP; Sosnowo vic., Sztabin (FE35), 24 V 2003 –
2 exx., on a stump of Picea abies, leg. MW. Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland:
Puszczykowo vic. ad Poznań (WT97), pine forest, 6 V 1995 – 2 exx., under the bark of
Pinus sylvestris L., in galleries of Scolytinae, leg. PJ. Mazovian Lowland: Borszyce ad
Mszczonów (DC65), 7 IV 2005 – 2 exx., in a rotten limb of Tilia sp., leg. JTD; Cegłów ad
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Błonie (DC67), 16 IV 2015 – 2 larvae, from branches of Tilia cordata MILL. lying on the
ground, reared 4 VI 2015, leg. RP; Kozienice Forest (“Puszcza Kozienicka”), Augustów
(EC30), 24 II 2001 – 1 ex., from a branch of Picea abies collected on 17 II 2001, leg. MM;
Kozienice Forest, Dąbrowa Kozłowska (EC20), 6 V 2000 – 1 ex., from a branch of
Quercus sp. collected on the ground, leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Januszno (EC30), 26 XII
2002 – 1 ex., from a branch of Tilia cordata, leg. MM, 17 I 2003 – 2 exx., from a branch of
T. cordata, leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Przejazd vic. (EC30), 3 IV 2004 – 1 ex., under the
bark of Abies alba MILL., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Stara Brzóza (EC21), 2 IV 2006 –
3 exx., Tilia cordata, reared 1–15 XII 2006, leg. RP; Kozienice Forest, “Załamanek” res.
(EC20), 8 III 2007 – 1 ex., from a branch of Abies alba collected on 18 II 2007, leg. et cult.
MM; Żabieniec ad Piaseczno (near a forest nursery) (EC06), 2 X 2013 – 4 exx., Tilia
cordata, reared until 1 IV 2014, leg. RP. Podlasie: Olmonty ad Białystok (FD48), 21 IV
2000 – 1 ex., in flight in mixed broadleaved forest, leg. AL. Białowieża Primeval Forest:
Białowieża NP, comp. 253D (FD84), Narewka river valley, 18–24 VI 1997 – 1 ex., 16–22
VI 1999 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 282B (FD85),
Narewka river valley, 27 V–2 VI 1998 – 1 ex., 19–25 V 1999 – 1 ex., 3–9 V 2000 – 1 ex.,
in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 288C/318A (FD94), mixed
broadleaved forest, 4 VII 1989 – 1 ex., in a turpentine baited IBL-2bis barrier trap, 2 VII
1993 – 1 ex., 1 VI 2006 – 1 ex., 24 V 2007 – 1 ex., in an unbaited barrier trap, 27 V 2006 –
1 ex., in a Moericke yellow pan trap installed at a height of 1 m, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP,
comp. 368E (FD94), Narewka river valley, 2–8 VI 1999 – 3 exx., 17–23 V 2000 – 1 ex., in
IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska,
comp. 374D/403B (FD94), 11–25 VII 1996 – 1 ex., 13–19 V 1997 – 1 ex., 27 V–2 VI 1998
– 1 ex., 10–16 VI 1998 – 2 exx., 8–14 VII 1998 – 1 ex., in unbaited IBL2-bis barrier traps,
leg. JMG; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska, comp. 375B/375D
(FD94), 7–13 V 1997 – 1 ex., 14–19 V 1997 – 1 ex., 20–27 V 1997 – 2 exx., 2–8 VII 1997
– 1 ex., 30 V–6 VI 1999 – 1 ex., 17–23 V 2000 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG;
for. distr. Białowieża, ad Teremiski, Dębina settlement vic., comp. 338A (FD84), oakhornbeam forest, 22 V–9 VI 2014 – 1 ex., in a funnel trap installed in the tree crown, leg.
JMG; for. distr. Białowieża, ad Teremiski, comp. 424C (FD84), Tilio-Carpinetum oakhornbeam forest, 25 V 2015 – 2 exx., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; for. distr.
Hajnówka, “Głęboki Kąt” res., comp. 439A (FD74), 16 V 1989 – 4 dead exx., reared from
a broken spruce Picea abies 20 cm in diameter, collected on 31 VII 1986, also inhabited by
Ips typographus (L.), Polygraphus poligraphus (L.) and Acanthocinus griseus (FABR.), leg.
et cult. JMG; Olchówka, comp. 42 (FD85), 20 II 2016 – 1 ex., reared from a branch of
Picea abies, leg. JŁ [AL]; Witowo, railway station (FD63), 13 V 1993 – 1 ex., leg. MW.
Lower Silesia: Słup (XS17) [Schlaupe Kr. N.] – 1 ex., leg. GP [MNHW]; Sobótka (XS24),
29 V 1949 – 1 ex., ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]; Świebodzice (WS93), 16 IX 1962 – 1 larva,
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leg. BB [MIZ]; Wrocław (XS46) [Breslau], ex coll. GP [MNHW]; Wrocław-Wilkszyn, Las
Mokrzański (XS37), 25 VI 2006 – 1 ex., leg. MW. Trzebnica Hills: Trzebnica (XS49), 30
IV 1976 – 1 ex., leg. JŁ [USMB]. Upper Silesia: Blachówka (CA48), VI 2016 – 2 exx., ex
cult from bark of Picea abies, leg. HS; Brynek (CA39), 10 IV 1993 – 1 ex., 26 II 1994 –
6 exx., 4 XII 1999 – 2 exx., 26 I 2002 – 1 ex., II 2002 – 1 ex., reared, VII 2002 – 2 exx.,
reared, leg. HS; Bytom (CA57), 4 IX 1931 – 2 exx., leg. FK [USMB]; Bytom, Dąbrowa
Miejska [Beuthen O. S. Stadtwald] (CA48), 1 IX 1931 – 1 ex., leg. HN, ex coll. GP
[MNHW], 10 IX 1931 – 1 ex., 20 IX 1931 – 1 ex., 24 IX 1931 – 2 exx., leg. HN [USMB];
Cieszowa (CB41) – 2 V 1984, leg. HS [JG]; Jasienie ad Kluczbork (CB04), 8 V 1995 –
1 ex., in flight, 23 X 2004 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead branch of Picea abies, leg. RK;
3 km SW of Jasienie ad Kluczbork (CB04), 4 XI 2013 – 1 ex., from a thin trunk of Picea
abies, ex cult. 1–15 I 2014, leg. RK; Katowice-Ligota (CA56), I 2011 – 1 ex., ex cult, leg.
TB [HS]; “Łężczok” res. (CA05), 18 VII 2016 – 1 ex., leg. JM [HS]; Mikołów-Mokre,
Fiołkowa Góra (CA46), 12 V 2011 – 1 ex., leg. JG; for. distr. Kluczbork, for. div. Bąków,
comp. 234 (CB04), 9 III 1991 – 1 ex., under the bark of P. abies, in galleries of
Pityophthorus sp., leg. RK; for. distr. Kluczbork, for. div. Zameczek, comp. 137 (BB94),
9 V 1999 – 1 ex., under the bark of Abies alba, in galleries of Cryphalus piceae (RATZ.),
leg. RK; for. distr. Kluczbork, for. div. Zofiówka (CB15), 17 V 1991 – 1 ex., in an Ips
typographus pheromone-baited trap, leg. RK; Góra św. Anny LP (BA99),
1 V 2002 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Góra św. Anny LP, Czarnocin (CA09), 26 V 2005 – 43 exx., leg.
JG; Ruda Śląska, Las Alina (CA47), 19–23 V 2006 – about 200 exx., in an Ips typographus
pheromone-baited trap, leg. JG; Ruda Śląska-Kochłowice (CA56), V 2005 – 1 ex., cult. TB
[JG]; Ruda Śląska, Lasy Makoszowskie (CA47), 7 VI 1996 – 1 ex., leg. JG; SAC Łęg
Zdzieszowicki (BA98), 16 VI 2013 – 1 ex., from a branch of Tilia cordata, reared 1 VII–30
XI 2013, leg. RK; Tworóg (CB30), 22 VI 1992 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Zawiść ad Kluczbork
(YS05), 2 II 2008 – 1 ex., under the bark of a fallen trunk of Picea abies, leg. RK.
Kraków-Wieluń Upland: Kraków-Las Wolski (DA14), 22 V, year unknown (end of 19 th
century) – 4 exx., leg. MR [ISEA]. Małopolska Upland: Radom-Las Kapturski (EB09), 22
II 2003 – 1 ex., in the bark of a Tilia cordata branch, leg. MM; SAC “Dolina Zwoleńki”,
Barycz Stara (EB48), 8 III 2015 – 1 ex., from a branch of a broadleaved tree collected on
28 II 2015, leg. et cult. MM. Roztocze: Florianka [Florjanka] (FB40) – 1 ex coll. FF [MIZ];
Kosobudy (FB41), VI 1941 – 1 ex., Picea abies, in galleries of Scolytinae, ex coll. FF
[MIZ]; Roztocze NP, “Nart” strict protection area (FB40), 13 IV 1985 – 1 ex., leg. DK
[ISEA]; Nowiny (FA59) – 2 exx., ex coll. FF [MIZ]. Western Sudeten Mts.: Karkonosze,
Szklarska Poręba Średnia (WS33), 16–24 VII 1995 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR]. Eastern Sudeten
Mts.: Góry Orlickie, ad Duszniki Zdrój (WR98), 21 X 2012 – 1 ex., reared from a branch
of Picea abies (imago: 24 II 2013), leg. AL. Western Beskid Mts.: Babia Góra NP, comp.
17A (CV99), VII 2006 – 2 exx., leg. SSZ [AL]; Silesian Beskids, Barania Góra, Czarna
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
227
Wisełka stream valley (CV59), 18 VIII 1996 – 1 ex., under the bark of Picea abies, leg.
RK; Krynica-Kopciowa (DV97), 8 VI 1983, 31 VIII 1984 – 3 exx., leg. DK [ISEA]; Babia
Góra massif, Kolisty Groń (CV89), 7 VII 1995 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Wisła Głębce [Głębce]
(CV49), 19 VIII 1962 – 3 larvae (imagines: 13 IX 1962), leg. BB; Zawoja-Mosorne
(CA90), 5 V 1996 – 1 ex., 5 VII 1996 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Zawoja-Stonów (CA90), V 1996 –
1 ex., leg. RBO [JG]. Eastern Beskid Mts.: Bekid Niski, for. distr. Dukla, for div. Piotruś,
Piotruś Mt., comp. 40, (EV57), 25 VII 2018 – 1 ex., IBL-2 barrier trap with wine, leg. TO;
Przemyśl vic. (FA21*) – 4 exx., leg. TT [ISEA]; for. distr. Bircza: Sierakośce for. div.,
comp. 8a (FA20), 2 V–1 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; for. distr.
Bircza: Sierakośce for. div., comp. 39a (FV29), 20 V–22 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2
barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; Turnica for. div., comp. 161c, Suchy Obycz mountain range
(FV19), 14 VI–16 VII 2015 – 4 exx., IBL-2 barrier trap, suspended between the boughs of
a wind-thrown beech (fallen timber), in the Carpathian beech forest with admixed Norway
maple – Acer platanoides L., leg. TN [KR]; Turnica for. div., comp. 180a (FV19), 1–26 VI
2016 – 1 ex., IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; for. distr. Kańczuga, for. div. Pruchnik,
comp. 138c (FA02), 20 V–21 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. AM [HS];
“Turnica” res. (FV19), 1 VI 2016 – 1 ex., leg. AM [HS]. Nowy Targ Basin: Zakopane,
Harenda (DV26), 28 VI 1998 – 1 ex., in flight, leg. RR. Pieniny Mts.: Durbaszka (DV67),
900 m a.s.l., 8 V 2015 – 1 ex., in flight, edge of a coniferous forest, leg. AL; Pieniny
(DV57), 22 VIII 1958 – 3 exx. [USMB]. Bieszczady Mts. Otryt Mt. (FV15), 14 VIII 2013
– a dozen or so specimens under the bark of spruces Picea abies infested by bark beetles,
leg. AM; Otryt Mt., eastern part (FV25), 16 VIII 2013 – 4 exx., on a stack of Picea abies
wood, leg. AM.
Distribution. Occurs in north Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Known from the
whole of Poland, although it is not a common species. It has recently been recorded in the
Białowieża Forest, the Biebrza NP and the Bory Tucholskie forest (GUTOWSKI et al. 2006),
fir forests in southern Poland (STARZYK et al. 2008) and north-eastern Poland
(HILSZCZAŃSKI et al. 2016). New records from the western Sudeten Mts., eastern Sudeten
Mts., Nowy Targ Basin, the Pieniny and Bieszczady Mts. (Fig. 7).
Biology. Larvae and adults feed on the eggs of bark beetles, larvae of wood-boring
beetles and other insects. Beetles can be found under the bark of broadleaved and
coniferous trees (KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005, this study) throughout the year. They were also
observed on vegetation and in flight from the end of April until the end of July. According
to the data in Table 1, spruce Picea abies is the preferred tree species overall (54% of
records), and lime Tilia cordata is the preferred deciduous tree species (25% of records). It
is plausible that Nemozoma elongatum is predatory on the scolytine Ernoporus tiliae
(PANZER, 1793) (MM, unpublished).
228
Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3)
Fig. 7. Nemozoma elongatum (published records – black squares, records reported in the
present paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
Temnoscheila caerulea (OLIVIER, 1790)
Material examined. Specimens from Poland are missing from the collections
examined.
Distribution. The species is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region, ranging
northwards as far as Germany (Bavaria), Poland and Sweden. In Sweden it is known from
Gotska Sandön Island (LUNDBERG 1981). There are only two historical records from
N Poland (Fig. 2): from the Gdańsk area over 200 years ago (KUGELANN 1794) and from
Goleniów (KLEINE 1940).
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
229
Table 1. Occurrence of particular beetle species on trees; based on original data.
Abbreviations: Nc – Nemozoma caucasicum, Ne – N. elongatum, Tm – Tenebroides
mauritanicus, Go – Grynocharis oblonga, Pf – Peltis ferruginea, Pg – P. grossa,
Tl – Thymalus limbatus, Ns – total number of species.
Tree genus/species
Abies alba
Acer sp.
Aesculus hippocastanum
Alnus sp.
Betula sp.
Carpinus betulus
Juglans regia
Fagus sylvatica
Fraxinus excelsior
Malus sp.
Quercus sp.
Padus avium
Philadelphus sp.
Picea abies
Pinus sp.
Platanus orientalis
Populus sp.
Prunus sp.
Pyrus sp.
Robinia pseudoacacia
Salix sp.
Tilia sp.
Ulmus sp.
total number of tree taxa:
total number of records:
Nc
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
Ne
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
15
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
–
5
28
Beetle species
Tm
Go
Pf
1
2
25
2
1
–
2
2
–
4
1
1
2
1
2
–
1
–
–
1
–
2
4
3
1
1
–
–
2
–
21
16
3
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
1
28
–
5
5
–
1
–
17
12
1
–
3
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
1
13
2
–
2
2
6
–
–
11
22
10
59
73
72
Ns
Pg
29
–
–
3
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
1
–
1
–
–
–
v
3
–
7
47
Tl
5
1
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
2
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
13
6
3
2
4
4
1
1
4
3
1
5
1
1
5
4
1
4
1
1
1
3
4
1
23
290
Biology. Feeds on larvae of Cerambycidae and Buprestidae; usually collected under the
bark of dying coniferous trees (JANSSON 1925, BURAKOWSKI et al. 1986). In the
Mediterranean region (Greece), found together with larvae of Morimus funereus MULSANT,
1863 on fir (JTD, unpublished).
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Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3)
Tenebroides mauritanicus (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Material examined. Baltic Coast: Gdynia (CF34), 19 VIII 1938 – 1 ex., 11 VIII 1939
– 1 ex., leg. AB [MIZ]. Pomeranian Lake District: Szczecin [Stettin] (VV71) – 1 ex., ex
coll. Mus. Stettin (Städtisches Naturwissenschaftliches Museum Stettin) [MIZ].
Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland: Antonin ad Ostrów Wlkp. (XT91), V 1999–VI 2003
a dozen or so specimens under the bark of an old oak Quercus robur L. growing near
a grocery store, leg. AM; Biedrusko vic., military training area (XU32), 24 III 2000 – 1 ex.,
under the bark of a rotting trunk of Betula sp., leg. SK; Dąbrówka ad Poznań (XU10), 28
XII 2015 – 4 exx., under the bark of dead Alnus glutinosa (L.) GAERTN. trees, the edge of
an alder forest in an old manor park, leg. SK; Gądków (VT99), 30 VII 1980 – 1 ex., leg. KL
[ISEA]; Gołaszyn vic. ad Oborniki, military training area (XU23), 9 IV 2000 – 1 ex., under
the bark of a log, bank of an oxbow lake by the River Warta, leg. SK; Gołuchów ad
Pleszew (YT04), 9 V 2001 – 1 ex., under the bark of an old oak tree Quercus robur, leg.
AM; Grabice vic. ad Luboszyce (VT74), 28 VIII 2011 – 1 ex., under the bark of an old,
dying Quercus robur, leg. SK; Lewków ad Ostrów Wlkp., Kwiatkowska Street (XT93), 28
IV 2007 – 1 ex. and 5 VII 2009 – 1 ex. in feeding galleries of larvae of Cerambyx cerdo
LINNAEUS, 1758 on oak Quercus robur, leg. AM; Łęczyca (CC76) – 2 exx., ex coll. AB
[MIZ]; Piła (XU19), 15 V 1998 – 1 ex., leg. RR [ISEA]; Piła-Górne (XU19), 26 III 1997 –
1 ex., under the bark of a dead Ulmus sp., leg. RR; Piła-Kalina (XU18), 4 V 2001 – 3 exx.,
under the bark of a fallen oak Quercus sp., leg. RR; Rogalin (XT38), 3 VI 1975 – 1 ex., leg.
JŁ [USMB], 20 VI 1998 – 1 ex., under the bark of oaks Quercus sp., 10 II 2002 – 1 ex., leg.
PJ, 29 VI 2006 – 4 exx., on Quercus sp., leg. SK, riparian forest by the River Warta, 1 VI
2014 – 1 ex., leg. JMG; Rogalin (XT39), 16 VI 1975 – 2 exx., leg. MB [ISEA]; Nowa Sól
[Neu Saltz] (WT43), 1 VI 1907 – 3 exx., ex coll. Schreiber [MIZ]; 5 km NE of Skoroszów
ad Milicz (XS59), 8 VII 2016 – 1 ex., from dead branches of Fagus sylvatica L., reared 20
VIII–6 IX 2016, leg. RK; Wyspa Krajkowska ad Krajkowo (XT38), 29 IV 2008 – 1 ex., in
a rotten trunk near the River Warta, leg. SK. Mazovian Lowland: Buchnik (DD90), 10 III
1968 – 4 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Dziekanów Polski (DD80), 24 III 1968 – 1 ex., under the
bark of Populus nigra L., leg. BB [MIZ]; Jabłonna near Warszawa (DD90), 21–31 XII
1950 – 9 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Łochów (ED42), 20 VIII 1986 – 1 ex., leg. TM [ISEA];
Kozienice Forest, Brzóza, cemetery (EC21), 24 II 1997 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead
Aesculus hippocastanum L., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Januszno (EC30), 18 VII 2004 –
1 ex., under the bark of Populus sp., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, “Jedlnia” res. vic. (EB29),
16 XII 2012 – 2 exx., under the bark of Quercus sp. damaged by fire, growing on a balk,
leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Kolonia Bąkowiec (EC40), 27 XII 2015 – 1 ex., under the bark
of a dead Populus tremula L., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, for. div. Cztery Kopce (EC31),
15 IV 2005 – 1 ex., under the bark of Quercus sp., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Molendy
(EC40) – 2 exx., from a dead Betula pendula ROTH trunk, felled on 11 X 2007, leg. et cult.
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MM; Kozienice Forest, “Ponty Dęby” res. (EC20), 11 XI 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a dead Quercus sp., 6 I 2018 – 1 ex., in the bark of a rotten Abies alba, leg. MM; Nowy
Dwór Mazowiecki, Las Dębinka (DD80), 18 XI 2010 – 1 ex., under the bark of an old
Quercus robur, leg. JTD; Obory (EC16), 2 XI 1946 (EC16) – 2 exx., moist alder forest in
a swampy area, leg. JMA [MIZ], 14 XII 1947 – 2 exx., leg. RB [MIZ]; Otwock Wielki
(EC16), 2 IV 1948 – 2 exx., leg. JPO [MIZ]; Pawłowice vic. Stężyca (EC41), 13 VIII 2009
– 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Ulmus sp., leg. MM; Piaseczno (EC06/EC07), 5 VII 1908
– 3 exx., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Pomiechówek near Warszawa (DD81) – 1 ex., ex coll. AB
[MIZ]; Puławy vic. (EB69), 9 VII 1950 – 3 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Serock (ED01), 6 II 1953
– 5 exx., leg. RB [MIZ]; Stężyca vic. Dęblin (EC51), 19 XII 2015 – 1 ex., in crevices of the
wood of an old Populus nigra, riparian forest by the River Wisła (Vistula), leg. MM;
Warszawa, 6 X 1917 – 2 exx., ex coll. ST [MIZ], 15 IV 1921 – 1 ex., in a flat, ex coll. ST
[MIZ], 23 X 1949 – 3 exx., leg. SA [MIZ]; Warszawa-Bielany [Bielany] (DC99), 18 IX
1888 – 2 exx., 25 V 1889 – 1 ex., 14 VI 1895 – 3 exx., 1 VI 1897 – 1 ex., 3 VI 1897 –
1 ex., 12 VI 1897 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB], 22 I 1950 – 6 exx., leg. ZW, 9 XII 1952 –
1 ex., 20 XII 1953 – 3 exx., under the bark of an oak Quercus sp., 26 IX 1954 – 2 exx., 4 II
1959 – 1 larva (imago: 12 VI 1959), 13 VIII 1962 – 1 larva in a pupal chamber, 23 IV 1970
– 1 larva (pupa: 2 VII 1970), leg. BB [MIZ], 13 V 1953 – 1 ex., 8 VII 1948 – 1 ex., leg.
JPO [MIZ], 21 II 1950–23 I 1953 – 2 exx., leg. RB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Bielany [Ruda
Podleśna ad Warszawa Bielany] (DC99), 24 VII 1930 – 1 ex., under the bark of a poplar or
willow, leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa, Bielany-Modlin (DD80*), 1 XI 1946 – 4 exx., by
a road, under the bark of a poplar Populus sp., leg. JMA [MIZ]; Warszawa-Czerniaków
[Warszawa, Czerniaków] (EC08) – 2 exx., JMA [MIZ]; Warszawa, Las Młociński (DC99),
24 III 2016 – 3 exx., under the bark of Alnus glutinosa, leg. JTD, 1 ex., under the bark of
Acer platanoides gnawed by a beaver, leg. JTD; Warszawa, “Las Bielański” res. (DC99),
22 III 2008 – 1 ex., under the bark of Q. robur, leg. JTD; Warszawa, “Las Natoliński” res.
(EC07), 20 V 2019 – 1 ex., on a fallen, almost barkless elm Ulmus sp., overgrown with
fungi (after dusk), leg. JTD; Warszawa, “Las Kabacki” res. (EC07), 23 IV 2010 – 4 exx.,
under the bark of Quercus robur, 9 IV 2012 – 1 ex., under the bark of Quercus robur, leg.
JTD; Szumin (ED33), 12 XI 1990 – 1 ex., 24 VI 1991 – 1 ex., leg. TM [HS]; WarszawaMiedzeszyn (EC18), 11 VI 1956 – 1 ex., on a poplar trunk Populus sp., leg. BB [MIZ];
Warszawa-Młociny [Młociny] (DC99), 18 X 1947 – 2 exx., 28 XI 1952 – 1 ex., under the
bark of Aesculus hippocastanum, leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Młociny [Młociny vic.
Warszawa] (DC99), 8 XII 1948 – 3 exx., 28 XI 1952 – 2 exx., leg. RB [MIZ]; Warszawa,
Nowogrodzka 48 (EC08), 27 VI–28 VIII 1950 – 7 exx., leg. SA [MIZ]; Warszawa-Radość
[Radość ad Warszawa] (EC18), 30 V 1955 – 1 ex., in a packet of cottage cheese, leg. EK
[MIZ]; Warszawa-Saska Kępa [Saska Kępa] (EC08), 5 XII 1948 – 3 exx., leg. JMA [MIZ];
Warszawa-Wawer [Wólka Żerzeńska ad Warszawa] (EC08), 10 IV 1939 – 1 ex., ex coll.
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ST [MIZ], 1 XII 1957 – 2 exx., in rotten poplar wood Populus sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Zegrze,
during a flood of the River Narew (ED01), 14 III 1948 – 2 exx., leg. RB [MIZ]; Zegrze
(ED01), 14 III 1948 – 1 ex., leg. ADAMSKI (?) [MIZ]. Białowieża Primeval Forest:
Białowieża NP, Hwoźna river valley [former for. distr. Browsk] (FD95), 20 III 1952 –
4 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP [former for. distr. Browsk], comp. 192 (FD95), 23
IV 1968 – 1 larva (pupa 17 VII 1968), leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 224 (FD95),
3 VI 1954 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 288C/318A (FD94), mixed
coniferous forest, 11 V 2011 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża,
Palace Park (“Park Pałacowy”) (FD94), 8 XI 2003 – 1 ex., leg. MM [JMG]; Guszczewina
vic., comp. 62B (FD85), 21 III 2013 – 1 ex., reared from a small branch of Quercus sp., leg.
JŁ [AL]; Hajnówka vic., comp. 412 (FD74), 22 IV 2006 – 1 ex., alder forest, on a bracket
fungus, leg. AL; for. distr. Browsk, comp. 15B (FD96), 28 III 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark
of a dead trunk of Populus tremula, 1–15 VIII 2014 – 1 ex., reared from a rotting trunk of
Populus tremula, leg. RK; for. distr. Browsk, comp. 63B (FD95), 25 IV 2013 – 1 ex., leg.
JŁ [RK]; Białowieża NP, comp. 282B (FD85), 25 VII–8 VIII 1996 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis
barrier trap, leg. JMG [ISEA]; for. distr. Hajnówka, Nowosady vic., (FD75), 15 X 2010 –
1 ex., under the bark of Quercus robur (of 90 cm diameter), leg. ABO, det. et coll. JMG;
Białowieża-Krzyże vic. (FD94), 18 V 2017 – 1 ex., on the trunk of an oak Quercus sp.
overgrown with fungi (at night), leg. JTD; Białowieża-Krzyże vic. (FD94), 11 III 2014 –
1 ex., from a piece of thick (4–5 cm) oak bark collected on 12 X 2013, leg. et cult. JTD;
comp. 523C (FD83), 28 IV 2009 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus tremula, leg. JTD.
Lower Silesia: Malczyce (XS07) [Maltsch] – 5 exx., ex coll. GP [MNHW]; Szewce vic.
Wrocław (XS37), 12 XI 1978 – 2 exx., ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]; Wałbrzych (WS92), 1950
– 1 ex., leg. SKA [ISEA]; Wrocław-Osobowice (XS37), 14 VII 1984 – 1 ex., ex coll.
AEBG [MNHW]; Wrocław-Rędzin (XS37), 2 VI 1991 – 5 exx., leg. LB [RR]; WrocławŚwiniary (XS37), 27 IV 1991 – 6 exx., 1 V 1996 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR], 5 V 1991 – 1 ex.,
leg. MW; Wrocław-Wojnów (XS56), 18 IV 1993 – 4 exx., 15 V 1997 – 3 exx., leg. LB
[RR], 22 IV 2003 – 1 ex., leg. AG, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW], 8 IV 2006 – 1 ex., under the
bark of an old oak Quercus sp., leg. RR, 7 II 2009 – 1 ex., leg. RR, 1 V 2011 – 1 ex., leg.
RK; Wrocław-Zakrzów (XS46), 15 IX 1991 – 2 exx., leg. LB [RR]; Wrocław, near the zoo,
by the River Odra (XS46), 12 VII 1989 – 1 ex., dead in a spider’s web on an oak Quercus
robur, leg. RK. Trzebnica Hills: Borowa Oleśnicka (XS57), 9 IV 1972 – 2 exx., 24 III
1973 – 1 ex., 17 VI 1978 – 1 ex., 8 X 1984 – 1 ex., ex coll. AEBG [MNHW], 25 V 1991 –
1 ex., 7 VI 1991 – 1 ex., under the bark of Quercus robur, leg. RK; Głogówek (YR08), 21
VIII 2005 – 2 exx., leg. JG. Upper Silesia: Baranowice (CA34), 10 V 2009 – 1 ex., 25
V 2014 – 1 ex., leg. TB & JG; Brzezinka [Sil. Birkenau, Oberschlesien] (CA27), 15 XI
1935 – 1 ex., leg. KK, ex coll. GP [MNHW]; Brynek (CA39), 8 VIII 1930 – 1 ex., leg. HN
[USMB]; Bytom (CA57), 23 VI 1925 – 1 ex., in peanuts, leg. HN [USMB]; Chełmek
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(CA75), 13 IV 1879, 1 VII 1880, 10 IV 1881 – 12 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Jaworzno
(CA76), 8 VII 1910 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA], 12 IV 1925 – 1 ex., leg. KS [USMB];
Konopiska (CB52), 14 VI 1998 – 2 exx., leg. TK [JG]; Korzonek (CA07), 13 VI 1998 –
1 ex., leg. JG; Las Murckowski (CA56), 12 VII 2010 – 1 ex., at light, 7 VII 2014 – 1 ex.,
leg. JG; Łężczok (CA06), 6 VII 2006 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Murcki (CA66), 21 V 1930 – 1 ex.,
leg. HN [USMB]; Ruda Śląska-Wirek (CA47), 5 I 1993 – 1 ex., in a larder, 3 I 1998 –
1 ex., 6 VIII 2015 – 1 ex., at light, leg. JG; Ruda Śląska-Wirek, near Szpitalna Street
(CA47), 2 IV 1991 – 1 ex., dead in flour, leg. JG [RK]; Rudziniec Gliwicki (CA18), VI
1994 – 1 ex., 29 VIII 1998 – 1 ex., leg. JG. Kraków-Wieluń Upland: Kraków (DA14),
10–27 VIII 1917, VIII 1923 – 6 exx., leg. SP [ISEA], 7 VIII 1920 – 1 ex., VII 1923 – 1 ex.,
ex coll. EM [MIZ], 26 VI 1947 – 1 ex., in a flat, 14 VI 1948 – 1 ex., in a flat [USMB];
Kraków-Tyniec (DA14), 24 V 1972 – 1 ex., leg. AS [ISEA]; Kraków-Wola Justowska
(DA14), 30 IV 1878 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Wieliczka (DA33) – 1 ex., leg. EM [MIZ].
Małopolska Upland: Jedlanka vic. Jedlińsk (EC00), 5 VI 1998 – 1 ex., under loose bark of
Ulmus sp. growing on a roadside, leg. MM; Jedlińsk vic. Radom (EC00), 20 III 2005 –
1 ex., under the bark of Populus sp., 26 XI 2017 – 2 exx., under the bark of Populus sp.
overgrown with Pleurotus ostreatus (JACQ.) P. KUMM. on the bank of the River Radomka,
leg. MM; Przedbórz, park (DB26), 27 VI 2012 – 1 ex., under the bark of Ulmus sp., leg.
MM; Radom-Firlej (EB19), 2 XI 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of Acer sp. near the River
Mleczna, 3 XII 2017 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus sp. overgrown with Pleurotus
ostreatus on bank of the River Mleczna, 18 III 2018 – 1 ex., in bark of a dead Ulmus laevis
PALL. on a roadside, with numerous galleries of Scolytus sp., leg. MM; Radom-Huta
Józefowska (EB19), 29 I 2015 – 1 ex., in crevices of the bark of an old Populus sp., leg.
MM; Radom-Józefów (EB19), 16 VI 2005 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus sp., leg. MM;
Radom-Nowa Wola Gołębiowska (EB19), 30 VII 2004 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus
sp., leg. MM; Ruda Wielka vic. Wierzbica (EB08), 12 III 2017 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a dead Populus sp., by the pond, leg. MM; SAC “Dolina Zwoleńki”, Zielonka Nowa
(EB48), 14 III 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Alnus glutinosa on a bank of the River
Zwoleńka, leg. MM; SAC “Dolina Zwoleńki”, Zielonka Nowa vic. (EB48), 10 VI 2018 –
1 ex., under the bark of a dead Salix fragilis L. on a bank of the River Zwoleńka, leg. JMG;
Stromiecka Forest (“Puszcza Stromiecka”), Dobieszyn (EC11), 8 XII 2018 – 2 exx., under
the bark of a dead Alnus glutinosa in an alder carr, leg. MM; Zwoleń, Partyzantów Street
(EB48), 3 I 2015 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus sp., leg. MM; Żdżary vic. Błotnica
Stara (EC01), 27 I 2018 – 2 exx., under the bark of a dead Ulmus sp., riparian forest in the
Tymianka river valley, leg. MM. Lublin Upland: Kazimierz Dolny [Kazimierz n/W.], 13
V 1949 – 1 ex., (EB68), leg. AR [MIZ]; ad Puławy, Wólka Gołębska vic. (EC60), riparian
forest by the River Wisła (Vistula), 11 II 2017 – 1 larva and 1 adult under the bark of dead,
standing poplars Populus alba L. of 30 and 35 cm diameter, leg. JMG; Puławy, Park
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Czartoryskich (EB69), 9 XII 2017 – 6 exx., overwintering under the bark of a broken Acer
platanoides, leg. JMG. Roztocze: Roztocze NP, “Czerkies” strict protection area (FB40),
8 VI 1988 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR]; Roztocze NP., “Nart” res. (FB40), 3 VII 1997 – 1 ex. in
beechwood Fagus sylvatica, leg. AM. Sandomierz Lowland: Horyniec Zdrój [Horyniec]
(FA66), 20 V 1888 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Malinie, historic park, (EA37), 24 IV–28 VII
2016 – 1 ex., reared from a fallen Fraxinus excelsior branch, leg. MKS [TO]; for. distr.
Nowa Dęba, for. div. Lipie, comp. 145 (EA58), 11 V 2011 – 1 ex., mixed coniferous forest,
on a stack of pine wood, leg. TH [MM]; Tarnów Młyn (DA94), 17 XII 1956 – 1 ex., leg.
WB [MIZ]. Eastern Beskid Mts.: Bircza (FA00), Panieński Czub Mt., 4–22 V 1879 –
4 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Hołubla (FA11), 25–31 V 1884, 15 VI 1884 –
3 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Krosno (EA50), III 1950 – 1 ex., in a cellar, leg. AG [USMB];
Łętownia (FA21), Kaczmarowa Mt., 28 IV 1879 – 2 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Magura NP:
Hałbowska Pass (EV38), 10 V–10 VI 2014 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap suspended from
a fir snag, leg. AM; ad Ciechania (EV37), 10 V–10 VI 2014 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier
trap hanging from a beech tree trunk, leg. AM; Olszany (FA11), 7 VI 1884 – 1 ex., leg. BK
[ISEA]; Przemyśl (FA21), VII 1935 – 2 exx., leg. SP [ISEA]; Przemyśl vic. (FA21*), 24
exx., leg. TT [ISEA]; Spława Mt. (FA10), 7 VI 1884 – 3 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Bekid
Niski, for. distr. Rymanów, for. div. Lipowiec, comp. 155, (EV57), 23 VII 2012 – 1 ex,
under the bark of Fagus sylvatica, 1 ex., leg. TO. Bieszczady Mts.: Bystre ad Baligród
(EV96), 28 XII 2015 – 1 ex. in a flat, leg. AM; Jabłonki ad Cisna (EV95), 23 VII 2015 –
1 ex. at light, leg. AM et TO.
Distribution. This species occurs in Europe and north Africa in nature, and is
cosmopolitan under synanthropic conditions, e.g. in grain stores. There are some doubts
regarding its taxonomic status. According to KOLIBÁČ 2013, it occurs in two forms:
a synanthropic one and a free-living (forest) one, known in older papers as Tenebroides
fuscus (GOEZE, 1777). BURAKOWSKI et al. (1986) described the forest form as very rare,
even a relict of primeval forests. One can infer from the data gathered in the present paper
that the forest form is common in the Polish lowlands, where it prefers forests in river
valleys and avoids submontane and montane areas. The species has recently been recorded
in Wrocław (BOROWIEC 2007) co-occurring with Camponotus truncatus (SPINOLA, 1808)
ants; also recorded in Upper Silesia by GRZYWOCZ & SZOŁTYS (1996) and MELKE
& GRZYWOCZ (2003). New records from the Trzebnica Hills, Lublin Upland, Roztocze,
Sandomierz Lowland and Bieszczady Mts. (Fig. 8).
Biology. The species occurs right across the country with the exception of submontane
and montane areas. The forest form is recorded in areas where old, dying or dead trees are
present. It is observed in riverine forests, roadside avenues and parks. The beetles occur
under the bark of numerous deciduous trees, especially oaks (BURAKOWSKI et al. 1986),
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Fig. 8. Tenebroides mauritanicus (published records – black squares, records reported in
the present paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
and occasionally coniferous ones, e.g. firs. This is confirmed by the data in the present
paper – the species prefers oaks (36% of records) and various species of poplars (29% of
records). Even dead and barkless trees are inhabited. Adults overwinter under bark, in its
crevices, or in abandoned galleries of other insects. The beetles are encountered throughout
the year, although they are also seen away from the host trees from the end of April until
the beginning of August; adults are also attracted to artificial light sources.
Pupation was observed in July. Beetles of the forest form are predators on trees
(KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005), whereas beetles of the synanthropic form are pests of stored
products and are only occasionally predatory.
Family: Lophocateridae
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Grynocharis oblonga (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Material examined. Pomeranian Lake District: Drawieński NP, Półwysep Dębowy
(WU68), 8 VI 2000 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dying pine Pinus sp., obs. RR; Koszalin
(WA70) [Pommern, Coeslin] – 4 exx., leg. ALU [MIZ]; Piła-Gładyszewo vic. (XU19),
8 VI 1997 – 1 ex., in the rotten wood of an old willow tree Salix sp., 1 IV 1999 – 3 exx., in
the rotten trunk of a poplar, leg. RR; Rokitnica (CF41) [Müggenhahl, Danzig] – 1 ex., ex
coll. PF [MIZ]; Zawada vic. (XU09), 18 III 2000 – 1 ex., under the bark of an old poplar
Populus sp., leg. RR. Masurian Lake District: Brodnica (CE90), 6 VIII 1960 – 1 pupa
(imago: 10 VIII 1960), leg. et cult. BB [MIZ]; Gołdap (EF81), 13 VI 1953 – 1 ex., leg. ZSP
[RP], 28 III 1955 – 1 ex., in white rot on a willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Pisz Forest,
Pogobie Średnie vic., “Szast” reference forest (EE53), pine forest, 19 V–10 VI 2015 –
2 exx., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Sztynort (EE49), 9 VIII 1958 – 1 larva (imago:
24 VII 1959), leg. et cult. BB [MIZ]; “Mazury” res. (EE79), 8 IX 2018 – 1 dead ex., under
the bark of an old, dead oak Quercus sp., leg. MM. Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland:
“Buczyna Szprotawska” res. (WT40), 19 V 2007 – 1 ex., obs. RR & KZ; Czerniejewo ad
Gniezno (XU61), manor park, 12 XI 2013 – 2 exx., leg. JMG; “Dębowiec” res. near Gubin
(VT95), 25 VI 2011 – 1 ex., obs. SK; Goraj ad Czarnków (XU05), 26 V 2007 – 1 ex., on an
old beech Fagus sylvatica close to a road leading to the technical school, leg. RR; KaliszChmielnik (CC03), 28 V 1982 – 1 ex. in a hollow of a walnut Juglans regia L. in an
orchard, leg. AM [ISEA]; 5 VI 2004 – 1 ex., under the bark of an old apple tree Malus sp.,
leg. AM; Kalisz, city park (BC93), 19 IV 2001 – 1 ex., on the barkless lesion of an oak
Quercus robur, leg. AM; Kalisz-Szczypiorno (BC93), 12 V 1997 – 1 ex., in an oak tree
hollow Quercus sp., leg. AM; Luboszyce vic. (VT84), 28 VIII 2011 – 1 ex., under the bark
of an old Quercus robur, the edge of a meadow, leg. SK; Lusowo (XU11), 3 V 1998 –
2 exx., under the bark of Salix sp., 1 V 1999 – 1 ex., under the bark of Salix sp., 27 III 2004
– 1 ex., under the bark of Salix sp., 12 IV 2004 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus sp.,
N bank of Lake Lusowskie, leg. SK; Łęczyca (CC76) – 3 exx., ex coll. AB [MIZ];
Obrzycko vic. ad Zielonagóra (XU04), 19 VI 1997 – 1 ex., in rot on a Quercus sp., bank of
the River Warta, leg. SK; Olszyna ad Ostrzeszów (YS09), 20 V 2010 – 3 exx., on Padus
avium MILL. blossoms, leg. AM; Poznań, park Cytadela (XU30), 23 VIII 1998 – 1 ex.,
under the bark of Robinia pseudoacacia L., 22 II 1999 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus
sp., leg. SK; Poznań, ad Lake Maltańskie (XU30), 14 VI 2004 – 2 exx., sticky trap on pine
Pinus sylvestris, leg. SK; Puszczykowo ad Poznań (WT97), 7 V 1994 – 1 ex., under the
bark of a young pine Pinus sp., leg. PJ; Radojewo vic., military training area (XU21), 25 IX
1998 – 1 ex., under the bark of a decaying Betula sp., on the bank of Lake Glinowieckie,
leg. SK; Rogalin (XT39), 16 VI 1975 – 2 exx., leg. MB [ISEA]; Rogalin vic. (XT38), pine
forest on moraine, 10 II 2001 – 2 exx., under the bark of a pine Pinus sp., leg. PJ, 11 II
2001 – 1 ex., leg. SK; Ruda Milicka (XT61),14 V 1983 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR]; Sycyn ad
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237
Szamotuły (XU03), 3 V 2004 – 1 ex., leg. SK. Mazovian Lowland: Brok nad Bugiem
(ED54), 24 VI 1990 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Brwinów (DC87), 21 V 1953 – 3 exx., 17
V 1954 – 1 ex., leg. AR [MIZ]; Celestynów near Warszawa (EC26), 28 V 1950–4 V 1952 –
4 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Chylice (EC06), 5 V 1910 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Grodzisk
Mazowiecki – Piaskowa (DC77), 16 V 1971 – 1 ex., under a dry fungus on a cherry tree
Prunus sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Grodzisk Mazowiecki (DC77), 3 V 1934 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST
[MIZ]; Jabłonna (DD90), 1 XI 1955 – 1 larva (dead imago: 10 XI 1956), leg. BB [MIZ];
Jedlnia (EC20), 5–8 VI 1995 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Kacice (ED03), 24 III 1955 – 2 exx., in
a rotting poplar Populus sp. at a height of 13.5 m, leg. BB [MIZ]; Kędzierak (EC37), 31
X 1954 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Leszno (DC78), 27 IV 1952 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Lipce (DC25), 20 XI 1955 – 1 ex., in the wood of
a beech Fagus sylvatica overgrown with fungi, leg. BB [MIZ]; Łomianki (DC99), 6 V 1956
– 1 ex., under the bark of a willow, leg. BB [MIZ]; Magdalenka (DC97), 21 XI 1954 –
1 ex., under the bark of an oak Quercus sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Natolin (EC07), 14 VI 1893 –
1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Otwock [Jabłoń] (EC17), 1 VII 1901 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB];
Otwock-Świder [Świder] (EC17), 4 VII 1903 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Otwock-Świder
[Świder n. Wisłą] (EC17), 6 IV 1952–25 VI 1952 – 3 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Podkowa Leśna
(DC87), 10 VI 1955 – 1 ex., leg. JPO [MIZ]; Pomiechówek (DD81) – 1 ex., ex coll. AB
[MIZ]; Kampinos Forest (“Puszcza Kampinoska”), Dąbrowa (DC79), 18 I 1953 – 1 ex., in
rot on a cherry tree Prunus sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Kampinos Forest, Dziekanów Leśny
(DD90), 7 IV 1963 – 1 larva (imago: 3 V 1966), leg. et cult. BB [MIZ]; Kampinos Forest,
Ławy near Pruszków (DC79), 18 I 1959 – 2 exx., beetles in copula, in rot on a lime tree
Tilia sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Kozienice Forest, “Jedlnia” res. (EB29), 15 VI 2011 – 1 ex., on
the trunk of an old, dead Quercus sp., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Pionki vic. (EC30), 27
V 2017 – 1 ex., on the trunk of a rotting Quercus sp., leg. MM; Kozienice Forest, Siczki
(EB29), 15 IV 1994 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus tremula at the edge of the forest, 16
IV 2011 – 2 exx., on a trunk of a dead Quercus sp., leg. MM; Raszyn (DC97), 16 VI 1895 –
1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Siennica (EC47) – 1 ex., ex coll. AB [MIZ]; Stary Otwock
(EC17), 13 VI 1928 – 1 ex., under the bark of an oak Quercus sp., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Urle
(ED41), 11 VI 1902 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Warszawa (EC08), 19 IV 1911 – 1 ex., leg.
WM [USMB]; Warszawa-Anin (EC18), 27–30 IV 1949 – 1 ex., leg. WD [MIZ];
Warszawa-Białołęka [Piekiełko] (DC99) – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Warszawa-Bielany
[Bielany] (DC99), 18 VI 1888 – 1 ex., 4 VII 1888 – 2 exx., 5 V 1889 – 1 ex., 1 VI 1889,
5 VI 1889 – 1 ex., 4 V 1894 – 2 exx., 27 VI 1898 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB], 18 IV 1953 –
1 ex., leg. AMA, ex coll. WE [MIZ], 24 V 1951–26 XII 1963 – 10 exx., leg. BB [MIZ];
Warszawa-Grochów (EC08), 27 VII 1933 – 1 ex., on a willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ];
Warszawa, “Las Kabacki” res. (EC07), 1 III 2017 – 1 ex., under the bark of a hornbeam
Carpinus betulus L. overgrown with fungi, leg. JTD; Warszawa, “Las Kabacki” res.
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(EC07), IV 2018 – 2 exx., on a dead Pinus sylvestris overgrown with fungi (after dusk), leg.
JTD; Warszawa, “Las Natoliński” res. (EC07), 30 V 2017 – 1 ex., on a dead oak Quercus
sp. (after dusk), leg. JTD; Warszawa-Łazienki [Łazienki] (EC08), 28 IV 1918 – 1 ex., ex
coll. ST, 22 IV 1930 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Warszawa-Młociny (DC99), 13 I 1952 –
4 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Morysin [Morysinek] (EC07), 5 XII 1954–19 VI 1955 –
6 exx., 7 VIII 1955 – 1 ex., from a pupa collected in white rot on a willow Salix sp. (imago:
25 VIII 1955), leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Natolin (EC07), 25 VI 2016 – 1 ex., leg. JTD;
Warszawa, Zoological Garden (EC08), 1 VII 1940 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa,
Młociny Park (DC99), 25 X 1953 – 1 ex., a larva in white rot on a lime tree Tilia sp.
(imago: 23 IX 1954), leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Pyry (EC07), 20 IV 1948 –
1 ex., leg. BB, 8 IV 1951 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Saska Kępa [Saska Kępa]
(EC08), 20 VI 1893 – 1 ex., 31 V 1901 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB], 7 V 1957 – 1 ex., poplar
Populus sp., leg. JPO [MIZ]; Warszawa-Służew [Służew] (EC08), 17 V 1888 – 1 ex., leg.
WM [USMB]; Warszawa-Ursynów [Pyry] (EC07), 3 V 1933 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ];
Warszawa-Wawer [Wólka Żerzeńska ad Warszawa] (EC08), 1 XII 1957 – 1 ex., in the
trunk of a poplar Populus sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Wilanów [Zawady nad Wisłą]
(EC07), 15 V 1955 – 2 exx., in copula, under the bark of a rotting poplar Populus sp., leg.
BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Włochy [Salomea] (DC98), 12 V 1931 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ];
Zaryte (EC63) – 2 exx., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Zegrze (ED01), 27 IV 1935 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST
[MIZ]; Zielonka (EC19) – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Zielonka ad Warszawa (EC19), 28 IV
1957 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]. Podlasie: Jeńki (FD27), 9 V 2013 – 1 ex., leg. AL; Mordy
vic. Siedlce (FC08), 22 VI 1991 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Knyszyn Forest, “Las
Cieliczański” res. (FD59), oak-hornbeam forest, 14 IV 2010 – 3 exx., under the bark of
a broken Acer platanoides, ca. 100 cm in diameter, leg. JMG; Wyszonki-Błonie (FD14),
2 V 2003 – 1 ex., on a wooden pole, at night, leg AL. Białowieża Primeval Forest:
Białowieża NP, ad Gruszki, comp. 105B (FD95), burned site, 11–17 V 2017 – 1 ex., 22 V–
5 VI 2017 – 1 ex., in a black, baited funnel trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp.
288C/318A (FD94), mixed coniferous forest, Calamagrostio-Piceetum, 17 VI 1998 – 1 ex.,
2 VI 2005 – 1 ex., 10 V 2007 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża
NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska, comp. 375B/375D (FD94), 13–19 V 1997 –
1 ex., 27 V–2 VI 1998 – 2 exx., 3–9 V 2000 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG;
Białowieża, Browska Street, 27 V 2012 – 2 exx., in the rotting hollow of a Quercus robur,
leg. JTD; Białowieża, Palace Park (FD94), 27 III 1949 – 1 ex., leg. ZW [MIZ], 20 V 1982 –
1 ex., 8 V 1993 – 1 ex., 18 V 1993 – 2 exx., leg. MW; Białowieża (FD94), 9 V 1993 –
1 ex., leg. MW; for. distr. Browsk, comp. 15D (FD96), 27 III, 2014 – 1 ex., leg. JŁ [AL];
for. distr. Browsk, comp. 75 (FD75), 9 XII 2008 – 1 ex., leg. JŁ [AL]; for. distr. Browsk,
comp. 121C (FD85), 23 IV 2008 – 1 ex., in a dead, thick Populus tremula, leg. JŁ [RK].
Lower Silesia: Chojnów (WS68), 28 XI 1950 – 1 ex., reared from a white bracket fungus,
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leg. BB [MIZ]; Dunino [Dohnau, Kr. Liegnitz] (WS76), IV 1895 – 1 ex., leg. RS [MNHW],
IV 1925 – 2 exx., ex coll. WK [MNHW]; Piszkawa ad Oleśnica (XS66), 15 VI 1978 –
1 ex., ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]; Wrocław (XS46), 18 IV 1988 – 1 ex., leg. BG, ex coll.
AEBG [MNHW]; Wrocław [Breslau] (XS46), V 1925 – 1 ex., 20 VI 1930 – 2 exx., VI
1930 – 4 exx., ex coll. GP [MNHW]; Wrocław-Opatowice (XS46), 4 VI 1988 – 1 ex., leg.
BG, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]; Wrocław-Świniary (XS37), 1 V 1996 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR];
Wrocław-Wojnów (XS56), 8 IV 2006 – 1 ex., under the bark of an old oak, leg. RR; Zimna
Woda (WS78) [Kaltw.] – 1 ex., ex coll. WK [MNHW]. Upper Silesia: Brynek (CA39), 17
V 1992 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Brynek (CA39), 20 V 1990 – 1 ex., 5 V 1992 – 2 exx., 17 V 1992 –
1 ex., 3 V 1993 – 6 exx., 13 IV 2008 – 2 exx., 24 III 2012 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Bytom, Las
Segiet (CA38/48), 17 V 1997 – 1 ex., 2 IV 2011 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Bytom (CA57), 8 XII
1944 – 1 ex., leg. FK [USMB]; Chełmek (CA75), 21 IV 1878 – 1 ex., 28 IV 1882 – 1 ex.,
leg. SAS [ISEA]; Góra św. Anny LP, Czarnocin (CA09), 26 V 2005 – 1 ex., leg. JG;
Dąbrowa Górnicza (CA77), 22 VI 1938 – 1 ex., leg. KS [USMB]; Jaworzno-Szczakowa
(CA76), 26 V 1911 – 1 ex., leg. SP [ISEA]; for. distr. Kluczbork, for. div. Zameczek,
comp. 142 (BB94), 19 III 2001 – 1 ex., under the bark of Fagus sylvatica, leg. RK;
Korzonek (CA07), 9 VI 2013 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Lasowice Małe ad Kluczbork (CB04), 11
V 1993 – 1 ex., in a spider’s web on Quercus robur, leg. RK; Łężczok (CA05), 23 VI 2011
– 1 ex., leg. JG; “Łężczok” res. ad Racibórz (CA05), 24 IX 2015 – 1 ex., under the bark of
an old trunk of Quercus robur, leg. RK; Mikołów-Chudów (CA46), 24 VI 2005 – 1 ex.,
leg. JG; Mikołów-Paniowy (CA46), 3–10 VI 1996 – 5 exx., 14 V 1997 – 5 exx., leg. JG;
Połomia (CA39), 28 III 2004 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Ruda Śląska, Lasy Bielszowskie (CA47), 27
IX 2015 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Rudziniec Gliwicki (CA18), 8 V 1994 – 1 ex., leg. JG; “Segiet”
res. (CA48), 2 V 2008 – 1 ex., 5 IV 2009 – 2 exx., leg. HS; Święciny vic. Kluczbork 1 km
E (YS14), 23 IV 2005 – 1 ex., in an old fruiting body of Fomes sp. on Fagus sylvatica, leg.
RK; Tarnowice St. (CA48), 6 VI 2000 – 1 ex., leg. JG; Tuły vic. Kluczbork, (BB94), 16 IV
1998 – 1 ex., in rot on Quercus robur, leg. RK; Wilkowice (CA48), 6 VI 1996 – 1 ex., leg.
JG. Kraków-Wieluń Upland: Czatkowice (DA05), 30 VIII 1915 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA];
Kraków (DA24) – 2 exx., ex coll. EM [MIZ]; Kraków-Dębniki (DA14), 1–8 V, year
unknown (late 19th century) – 4 exx., leg. MR [ISEA]; Kraków, Botanical Garden (DA24),
30 IV 1936 – 1 ex., 10–13 VI 1936 – 4 exx., 4 VI 1937 – 4 exx., 19 VI 1939 – 3 exx., leg.
SP [ISEA]; Kraków-Prądnik (DA24) – 1 ex., ex coll. EM [MIZ]; Kraków-Wola Justowska
(DA14), 13 VI 1880 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Kraków-Zesławice (DA34), 26 IV 1994 –
1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Modlnica (DA15), 10–24 V 1907 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA];
Przeginia Duchowna (DA04), 29–31 V 1906 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Rudawa (DA05),
7 VI 1897 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Zawiercie-Karlin [Karlin pow. Olkusz] (CA99), 24 IV
1952 – 1 ex., leg. MBM [MIZ]. Małopolska Upland: Busko-Zdrój, Park Zdrojowy
(DA88), 6 V 2018 – 1 ex. on a sticky trap on the trunk of Aesculus sp., leg. JMG; Busko-
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Zdrój (DA89), 28 VI 1956 – 1 larva, leg. et cult. BB [MIZ]; Krzyżanowice vic. Pińczów
(DA68), 13 IV 1954 – 1 ex., in the trunk of a willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Paciorkowa
Wola Stara (EB49), 1 XII 2018 – 1 ex., under the bark of a fallen Alnus glutinosa – alder
carr on the bank of the River Zwolenka, leg. MM; “Polana Polichno” res. (DA69), 11 VII
1996 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Radom-Józefów (EB19), 16 VI 2005 – 1 ex., under the bark of
Populus sp., leg. MM, 14 III 2017 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead pine, dune near the
River Mleczna, leg. MM; Radom-Koniówka (EB19), 29 III 1994 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a rotten Populus sp., leg. MM; Radom-Las Kapturski (EB09), 28 I 1997 – 1 ex., under the
bark of a dead Quercus sp., leg. MM; Radom-Młynek Janiszewski, Warszawska Street
(EB19), 25 VI 1994 – 1 ex., under the bark of Salix sp. infected by Laetiporus sulphureus
(BULL.) MURRILL, leg. MM; Radom-Nowa Wola Gołębiowska (EB19), 19 V 2001 – 1 ex.,
under the bark of Salix sp., Pacynka river valley, leg. MM; Radom-Wośniki (EB09), 22 III
1995 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Picea abies in a manor park, leg. MM; Sandomierz,
19 V 1956 (EB51) – 1 ex., leg. BB, 20 V 1956 – 1 ex., in rot at the base of the trunk, leg.
BB [MIZ]; SAC “Pakosław” (EB17), 30 V 2015 – 1 ex., on a bracket fungus on Aesculum
hippocastanum in a manor park, leg. MM; Włodzimierzów (DB28), 14 VIII 1958 – 1 ex.,
leg. ZS [USMB]. Świętokrzyskie Mts.: Góry Świętokrzyskie, Łysa Góra (EB03), 3 VI
1956 – 1 ex., in a bracket fungus on a trunk of Abies alba, leg. BB [MIZ]; Świętokrzyski
NP, Góra Chełmowa (EB03) ad Serwis, 25 VII 2010 – 1 ex., leg. JMG; Świętokrzyski NP,
Łysica (DB93), 20 VI 2001 – 1 ex., leg. EG, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]. Lublin Upland:
Celejów (EB78), 22 V 1956 – 1 ex., in the trunk of an Italian poplar Populus nigra
“italica”, leg. BB [MIZ]; Kazimierz Dolny (EB68), 3 V 1923 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ],
8 IV 1939 – 1 ex., leg. AB [MIZ], 27 V 1955 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ], 27 V 1955 – 1 larva,
in white rot on a willow Salix sp. (adult: 29 IX 1956), leg. et cult. BB [MIZ], 5 V 1989 –
1 ex., leg. JS [AL]; Zaklików (EB72), 1939 – 1 ex., BN [MIZ]. Roztocze: Florianka
[Florjanka Lubel.] (FB40), 10 III 1914 – 4 exx., det. ex coll. FF [MIZ]; Roztocze NP,
“Bukowa Góra” strict protection area (FB30), 9 VI 1988 – 6 exx., 8 VI 1989 – 4 exx., leg.
LB [RR]; Roztocze NP, “Czerkies” strict protection area (FB40), 8 VI 1988 – 3 exx., leg.
LB [RR], – 1 ex., leg. DI, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]; Roztocze NP, “Nart” strict protection
area (FB40), 23 III 1986 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Zwierzyniec (FB40) – 2 exx., det. ex coll.
FF [MIZ]; Zwierzyniec wieś (FB30), 7 VI 1955 – 1 ex., dead imago in a pupal chamber,
rotting wood in the hollow of a willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; “Debry” res. ad
Krasnobród (FB40), 9 V 2018 – 2 exx., on Abies alba, leg. KSU [JMG]. Sandomierz
Lowland: “Jedlina” res. ad Lubaczów (FA56), 10 VI 2013 – 1 ex., leg. JMG; Medyka,
historic park, (FA31), 2014 IV 13 – 3 exx., under the bark of Platanus sp., leg. TO; Metan
(EB51), 29 VI 1955 – 1 ex., leg. SN [MIZ]; Niepołomice Forest (“Puszcza Niepołomicka”),
Ispina (DA55), 2 VI 1991 – 1 ex., leg. RK. Western Beskid Mts.: Barania Góra (CV59),
2 VIII 1873 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Dziekanowice (DA32), 12 V 1898 – 1 ex., leg. SAS
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[ISEA]; Jastrzębia (DA12), 6–7 V 1897 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Kobiernice (CA72), 12
VI 1906 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Łazany (DA33), 20 VI 1898 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA];
Makowica (DA51), 26 VII 1939 – 1 ex., leg. AB [MIZ]; Młodów (DV77), 30 VI 1897 –
1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Raba Wyżna (DV29), 16 VI 1902 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA];
Roztoka Wielka (DA78), 12 IV 1899 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Rytro (DV78), 2 VII 1897 –
2 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Tęgoborze (DA70), 25 IV 1892 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Tomice
(CA92), 12 V 1906 – 5 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Wojkowa vic. Krynica (DV96), 28 V 1985
– 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Zaborze (CA74), 7–21 V 1901 – 2 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Żywiec
(CA60), 22 VI 1953 – 1 ex., leg. ZSC [RP]. Eastern Beskid Mts.: Barwinek (EV57), 23
III 1991 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; for. distr. Bircza, Trójca for. div., comp. 46l (FV19), 12
VI–14 VII 2015 – 1 ex. in the IBL-5 barrier trap, suspended from a fir snag above the
Jamninka stream, leg. TN [KR]; Brzuska ad Bircza (FA01), 30 VII 2013 – 1 ex., leg. RP;
Hołubla (FA11), 31 V 1884 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Kamienna Laworta Mt. (FV17), 19 VI
1880 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; “Kopystanka” res. vic. (FA10), VI 2016 – 1 ex., leg. TN
[HS]; Krzemień Mt. (FV28) ad Krościenko, 6 VI 1881 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Krosno
(EA50), IV–V 1947 – 2 exx., leg. SKA [ISEA], VII 1948 – 1 ex., V 1951 – 1 ex., ex coll.
AEBG [MNHW]; Kuszmień Mt. (FV17), 19 VII 1884 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Kwaszenina
vic. (FV16), VI 2011 – 1 ex., leg. RR; Magura NP: Hałbowska Pass (EV38), 10 V–10 VI
2014 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap suspended from a fir tree trunk, leg. AM; Nieznajowa
(EV28), 10 V–10 VI 2014 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap on an ash tree Fraxinus
excelsior, leg. AM; Markowa, garden, (EA94), 22 IV 1986 – 1 ex, 04 V – 1 ex, under the
bark of Malus sp., leg. TO; Olszany (FA11), 24 IX 1962 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Pacław
(FV29), for. distr. Bircza, for div. Leszczyny, comp. 35, 21 VI 2015 – 1 ex, in an IBL-5
barrier trap on Quercus robur, leg. TO; Pogórze Przemyskie, Trójca vic. (FA10), 23 VI
2011 – 1 ex., leg. RR; Posada Rybotycka (FA10), 30 V 1958 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ];
Prałkowce (FA21), 25 V 1958 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Przemyśl vic. (FA21*), 30 exx., leg.
TT [ISEA]; Przemyśl-Góra Zamkowa (FA21), 22 VI 1879 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA];
Przemyśl-Ostrów (FA21), 31 V 1879 – 4 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Przeworsk (FA04), 24
V 1958 – 1 ex., in the trunk of a willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Radoszyce (EV76), 28–
30 V 1882 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Rzeszów, Zalesie (EA73), 25 V 2007 – 1 ex, forest
(private), in Laetiporus sulphureus growing on Prunus avium L., 27 III 2011 – 2 exx.,
garden, under the bark of Pyrus sp., 22 IV 2018 – 1 ex., historic park, light trap, leg. TO;
Spława Mt. (FA10), 7 VI 1884 – 3 exx., 6 VII 1884 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Zagórz
(EV98), 27 V 1970 – 1 ex., in the hollow of a jasmine Philadelphus sp., leg. BB [MIZ];
Zarszyn (EV79), 25 V 1923 – 4 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]. Bieszczady Mts.: Cisna for. distr.,
Krzywe for. div., comp. 126c (EV94), 18 VI 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM; Komańcza for. distr.:
Maniów for. div., comp. 11c (EV85), 31 VII 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM; Lutowiska for. distr.:
Dwernik for. div., comp. 14b (FV14), 1 VII–23 IX 2013 – 3 exx., obs. AM; Hulskie for.
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div., comp. 73a and 81d (FV15), 15 V – 10 VI 2014 – 7 exx., obs. AM; Paniszczew for.
div., comp. 81a (FV16), 15 V–10 VI 2014 – 1 ex.; comp. 116 (FV06), 29 V 2014 – 4 exx.,
obs. AM; Polana for. div.: comp. 114a (FV15), 20 V 2014 – 1 ex.; comp. 110d, 111c, and
111d (FV15), 15 V–10 VI 2014 – 6 exx., obs. AM; Sękowiec for. div., comp. 154A-b
(FV15), 15 V–10 VI 2014 – 2 exx., leg. AM; Ustrzyki Górne (FV24), 6 VI 1958 – 1 larva
(imago: 28 VII 1959), leg. et cult. BB [MIZ].
Fig. 9. Grynocharis oblonga (published records – black squares, records reported in the
present paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
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Distribution. Widely distributed in Europe. Common, with records from all over
Poland. Recently recorded in the “Bieszczady” Natura 2000 site (OLBRYCHT et al. 2015),
Gryżyński LP (RUTA et al. 2016) and Zdrojowy Park in Nałęczów (MIŁKOWSKI 2017).
Newly recorded in Podlasie (Fig. 9).
Biology. Larvae and adults are fungivorous and develop in the rotting wood of trees
with soft wood, mostly broadleaved (willow, poplar, occasionally oak, beech, alder and
hornbeam) and coniferous (fir) trees (BURAKOWSKI et al. 1986, KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005, this
study). According to the list in Table 1, this is the most ubiquitous species of the families
under discussion here in the Polish fauna. It has been recorded on 20 genera of trees,
preferring oaks (23% of records), willows (18%) and poplars (17%). Adults are collected
both under the bark and on polypores throughout the year; they are active from mid-April
until mid-July, and pupate in August.
Lophocateres pusillus (KLUG, 1833)
Material examined. Baltic Coast: Gdynia (CF44), 11 VII 1934 – 2 exx. leg. AB
[ISEA].
Distribution. A cosmopolitan beetle, native to tropical and subtropical areas,
introduced in other regions of the world. A few cases of introduction to Gdynia (Fig. 2) in
the 1960s were noted by BURAKOWSKI et al. (1986). A specimen collected as long ago as
1934 indicates that it had been introduced much earlier, in the first years of operation of the
port in Gdynia.
Biology. Larvae and adults inhabit stored products, like rice, maize and other grains.
Family: Peltidae
Peltis ferruginea (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Material examined. Pomeranian Lake District: Szczecin [Stettin] (VV71) – 1 ex., ex
coll. PH [MIZ]. Masurian Lake District: Augustów Port, 30 III 1955 – 1 ex., in dry rot on
a lime tree Tilia sp., by Lake Rospuda (FE27/FE37), leg. BB [MIZ]; “Mazury” res. (EE79),
8 IX 2018 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Picea abies, leg. MM; Biebrza NP (Middle
basin), Czerwone Bagno ad Grzędy (FE24), 3 IX 2013 – 2 exx. under the bark of a fallen
spruce Picea abies, leg. PJ; Augustów Forest, for. distr. Płaska, “Mały Borek” res. (FE57),
9 V 2013 – 1 ex., under the bark of a pine Pinus sp. snag, 45 cm in diameter, leg. JMG;
Augustów Forest, “Starożyn” res. (FE57), 13 VI 1978 – 1 ex., leg. MW; Pisz Forest,
Pogobie Średnie vic., comp. 41 (EE53), 18 V 2015 – 1 ex., 19 V–10 VI 2015 – 2 exx., in
IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Pisz Forest, Pogobie Średnie vic., “Szast” reference
forest, comp. 75 (EE53), 6–27 V 2013 – 3 exx., 18 V 2015 – 6 exx., 19 V–10 VI 2015 –
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1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Pisz Forest, Pogobie Średnie vic., comp. 90
(EE53), 6–27 V 2013 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Pisz Forest, Pogobie
Średnie vic., “Szast” reference forest, comp. 117 (EE53), 19 V–14 VI 2005 – 1 ex., 18
V 2015 – 3 exx., 19 V–10 VI 2015 – 4 exx., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Pisz Forest
ad Ruciane Nida, Zgon vic., “Królewska Sosna” res. (EE24), 7 IV 2014 – 1 ex., leg. JMG;
Pisz Forest, ad Pisz, Snopki vic., comp. 239 (EE44), pine forest, 23 IV–21 V 2013 – 2 exx.,
in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Pisz Forest, ad Pisz, Snopki vic., comp. 241 (EE44),
pine forest, 6–27 V 2013 – 1 ex., 19 V–10 VI 2015 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg.
JMG; Pisz Forest, ad Pisz, Snopki vic., comp. 248 (EE44), pine forest, 23 IV–21 V 2013 –
1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Pozezdrze ad Węgorzewo (EF60), 27 IV 2018
– 1 ex., leg. KSU. Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland: Nabłoto ad Brody (VT83), 5 X 2011
– 1 ex., leg. SK; “Uroczysko Węglińskie” res. vic. Węgliny (VT74/84), 25 VI 2011 –
2 exx., under the bark of Pinus sp., leg. SK. Mazovian Lowland: Otwock [Jabłoń] (EC17),
1 VII 1901 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Otwock-Świder [Świder] (EC17), 4 VII 1903 –
2 exx., leg. WM [USMB]; Kozienice, “Załamek” forest res. (EC20), 23 XII 2018 – 1 ex.,
under the bark of a rotten fir Abies alba; Warszawa, 9 VIII 1906 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ];
Warszawa-Bielany [Bielany] (DC99), 2 V 1890 – 1 ex., 4 V 1894 – 1 ex., 14 VI 1895 –
1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Warszawa-Bielany [Bielany ad Warszawa] (DC99), 13 II 1955 –
1 ex., in a crevice of dry rot on a fallen Alnus glutinosa, leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Bielany
[Ruda Podleśna ad Warszawa Bielany], (DC99), 24 VII 1930 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ];
Warszawa-Łazienki [Łazienki] (EC08), 15 V 1910 – 1 ex., 28 IV 1918, ex coll. ST [MIZ];
Warszawa-Morysin [Morysinek ad Warszawa] (EC07), 11 IV 1955 – 1 ex., in red-brown
dry rot on a large, living willow Salix sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Warszawa-Natolin [Natolin]
(EC07), 24 V 1930 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Warszawa-Ogród Saski [Saski Ogród]
(EC08), 2 V 1891 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]; Warszawa, Zoological Garden (EC09), 25
VIII 1940 – 1 ex., under the bark of a willow Salix sp., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Warszawa
Wawer [Wawer] (EC18), 16 VI 1900 – 2 exx., leg. WM [USMB]; Zegrze (ED01), 7 VI
1935 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]. Podlasie: “Krasne” res. ad Supraśl (FD59), 7 III 2018 –
1 ex., leg. KSU; Białystok (FD48*), 26 III 1951 – 3 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; BiałystokJaroszówka (FD49), 30 VI 2018 – 3 exx., under the bark of a dead, fallen Pinus sylvestris,
leg. JTD; Knyszyn Forest, “Krzemienne Góry” res. (FD69), 7 IV 2010 – 2 exx., leg. JMG
& KSU, 21–27 IV 2011 – 1 ex., leg. AK, det. et coll. JMG; Knyszyn Forest, “Krzemienne
Góry” res., comp. 167 (FD69), 26 V 2011 – 1 ex., under the bark of a spruce Picea abies,
leg. JMG; Knyszyn Forest, Rybniki vic., “Krzemianka” res. (FE40), 20 VIII 2011 – 1 ex.,
leg. KT, det. et coll. JMG; Knyszyn Forest, ad Supraśl (FD59), 20 VII 1992 – 1 ex., leg.
AL; Włodawa (FC71), 24 VII 1983 – 1 ex., leg. JPA [ISEA]; “Załamanek” res. (EC20), 23
XII 2018 – 1 ex., under the bark of a rotten fir Abies alba, leg. MM. Białowieża Primeval
Forest: Białowieża NP, ad Gruszki, comp. 105B (FD95), burned site, 9 V 2016 – 3 exx.,
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10–23 V 2016 – 2 exx., 16 VIII 2016 – 1 ex., in a Netocia trap, 9–21 V 2017 – 1 ex., in
a black, baited funnel trap, 9 V 2016 – 1 ex., in a Moericke trap, 10–23 V 2016 – 1 ex.,
4 VII 2016 – 1 ex., in a Netocia trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 191A (FD95), 25 IX
2009 – 1 ex., leg. KSU; Białowieża NP [former for. distr. Browsk], comp. 192 (FD95), 11
VI 1965 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, by the River Hwoźna [former for. distr.
Browsk] (FD95), 20 III 1952 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 223 (FD95),
28 V 1954 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 224 (FD95), 3 VI 1954 – 1 ex.,
5 VI 1954 – 4 exx., under the bark of a spruce Picea abies, leg. BB; Białowieża NP, comp.
253D (FD84), Narewka river valley, 7–13 V 1997 – 2 exx., 14–19 V 1997 – 2 exx., 27 V–2
VI 1998 – 1 ex., 19–25 V 1999 – 4 exx., 3–9 V 2000 – 1 ex., 17–23 V 2000 – 1 ex., in
unbaited IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 255 (FD95), 21 VII 1995
– 2 exx., leg. AL; Białowieża NP, comp. 282B (FD85), Narewka river valley, 7–13 V 1997
– 2 exx., 14–19 V 1997 – 4 exx., 27 V–2 VI 1998 – 1 ex., in unbaited IBL-2bis barrier
traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 288C (FD94), mixed coniferous forest, 1997 –
2 exx., leg. KSU; Białowieża NP, comp. 288C/318A (FD94), mixed coniferous forest, 26
VI 1989 – 1 ex., 15 V 1990 – 2 exx., 17 V 1991 – 1 ex., 31 V 1991 – 1 ex., 14 VI 1991 – 1
ex., 17 VI 1991 – 1 ex., 12 V 1992 – 1 ex., 26 V 1992 – 2 exx., 21 VI 1994 – 1 ex.,
9 V 1995 – 1 ex., 23 V 1995 – 1 ex., 6 VI 1995 – 1 ex., 12 V 1999 – 1 ex., 10 V 2000 –
1 ex., 7 V 2002 – 4 exx., 14 V 2003 – 1 ex., 8 VI 2004 – 1 ex., 19 V 2005 – 1 ex., 4 V 2006
– 1 ex., 18 V 2006 – 4 exx., 1 VI 2006 – 1 ex., 26 IV 2007 – 4 exx., 10 V 2007 – 5 exx.,
1 V 2008 – 2 exx., 15 V 2008 – 8 exx., 29 V 2008 – 1 ex., 30 IV 2009 – 5 exx., 12 V 2010
– 3 exx., 27 IV 2011 – 1 ex., 11 V 2011 – 8 exx., 25 V 2011 – 2 exx., 30 IV 2013 – 2 exx.,
14 V 2013 – 11 exx., 29 IV 2014 – 5 exx., 13 V 2014 – 5 exx., 22 VII 2014 – 2 exx., 28 IV
2015 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, mostly unbaited, in rare cases – turpentine baited,
the first specimen was hand collected, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 288C/318A
(FD94), mixed coniferous forest, 7 V 1993 – 2 exx., 20 V 1998 – 1 ex., 11 V 2004 – 1 ex.,
25 V 2004 – 1 ex., 12 V 2010 – 1 ex., 27 IV 2011 – 1 ex., 11 V 2011 – 1 ex., 9 V 2012 –
1 ex., 14 V 2013 – 1 ex., 13 V 2014 – 1 ex., in Moericke yellow pan traps installed at
a height of 1 m, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 314 (FD94), 19 IV 1967 – 2 larvae
(imagines: 16 VI 1967), leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 317C (FD94), mesic mixed
deciduous forest, 27 V 1988 – 1 ex., leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 318 (FD94), 26 VII
1996 – 1 ex., mesic mixed coniferous forest, in rotting wood, leg. AL; Białowieża NP,
comp. 318B (FD94), mixed coniferous forest Calamagrostio-Piceetum, 11 V 2004 – 2 exx.,
in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 318B (FD94), mixed
coniferous forest, 12 IX 2007, remains of an imago in the wood of a fallen, rotten spruce
Picea abies, leg. KSU; Białowieża NP, comp. 340 (FD94), 1 V 1991 – 1 ex., leg. RK;
Białowieża NP, comp. 341/342 (FD94), 2 VI 1954 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP,
comp. 368E (FD94), Narewka river valley, 19–25 V 1999 – 4 exx., 3–9 V 2000 – 1 ex., 19–
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25 VII 2001 – 2 exx., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 369
(FD94), 17 IV 1967 – 1 ex., in the rotting wood of a spruce Picea abies, leg. BB [MIZ];
Białowieża NP, comp. 370D (FD94), oak-hornbeam forest, 12 VIII 1985 – 1 ex., leg. JMG;
Białowieża NP, comp. 373 (FD94), 13 VI 1994 – 4 exx., alder forest, under a rotting log of
Betula sp., leg. AL; Białowieża NP, comp. 374 (FD94), oak-hornbeam forest, 12 IX 2002 –
1 ex., rotting wood, leg. AL; Białowieża NP, comp. 374C (FD94), 2 X 2007 – 2 exx., under
the bark of a fallen spruce Picea abies ca. 40 cm in diameter, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP,
comp. 398G (FD94), 26 IX 1998 – 2 exx., leg. RD [USMB]; Białowieża NP, comp. 398
(FD94), 13 XI 1959 – 4 exx., under the bark of a dead spruce Picea abies, leg. BB [MIZ];
Białowieża NP, comp. 398/399 (FD94), 25–26 IX 1998 – 1 ex., leg. RK; Białowieża NP,
comp. 399C (FD94), 2 V 1991 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Białowieża NP, comp. 399C
(FD94), oak-hornbeam forest, 7 V 1993 – 1 ex., 24 V 1994 – 2 exx., leg. JMG; Białowieża
NP, comp. 399 (FD94), oak-hornbeam forest, 9 V 1959 – 1 larva (imago: 6 VI 1959), leg.
BB, 9 V 1959 – 2 larvae (imagines: 10 VII 1959), leg. BB [MIZ], 4 V 1961 – 1 ex., leg. SA
[MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 399 (FD94), 25 VII 1982 – 1 ex., 16 VI 1983 – 1 ex., 10 VI
1983 – 2 exx., leg. MW; Białowieża NP (FD94), 22 X 1949 – 1 ex., leg. JMA [MIZ], 25 V
1957 – 1 ex., coniferous forest, leg. BP, PT [MIZ], 30 V 2000 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Białowieża
NP (FD95), 26 VI 1991 – 4 exx., leg. TM [HS]; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża,
Droga Browska (FD94), comp. 374D/403B, 7–13 V 1997 – 2 exx., 14–19 V 1997 – 2 exx.,
20–27 V 1997 – 2 exx., 5–11 V 1999 – 1 ex., 19–25 VII 2001 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier
traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska (FD94), comp.
375B/375D, 7–13 V 1997 – 6 exx., 14–19 V 1997 – 3 exx., 5–11 V 1999 – 2 exx., 2–8 VI
1999 – 1 ex., 19–25 VII 2001 – 3 exx., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża
NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska (FD94), 9 V 1998 – 2 exx., in a pheromone trap,
leg. MM, 18 VII 2000 – 3 exx., under the bark of a dying spruce Picea abies, leg. RR;
Białowieża, Palace Park (FD94), 8 II 1982 – 1 ex., under the bark of Pinus strobus L., leg.
JMG; Białowieża (FD94), 29 IX 1950 – 2 exx., 30 IX 1950 – 1 ex., 5 X 1950 – 1 ex., 19 III
1952 – 3 exx., 20 III 1952 – 11 exx., leg. BB [MIZ], 17 V 1957 – 3 exx., leg. BP [MIZ];
Białowieża (FD94), 11–14 VIII 1976 – 3 exx. leg. MB [ISEA]; Białowieża (FD94),
1 V 1989 – 1 ex., under the bark of Quercus sp., leg. RK; Białowieża vic. (FD94), 28 VIII
1998 – 1 ex., rotten trunk of Betula sp., leg. SK; Białowieża vic.,“Żebra Żubra” walking
trail (FD84), 7 IV 1995 – 2 exx., rotten log, leg. SK; Czerlonka (FD84), 6 VI 1988 – 1 ex.,
leg. HS; Grudki [Gródek] (FD93), 4 VIII 1982 – 3 exx., leg. MW; ad Hajnówka, comp. 356
(FD74), 29 VII 1955 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; for. distr. Białowieża, comp. 224 (FD95), in
a spruce, 16 V 1955 – 3 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; for. distr. Białowieża, comp. 424C (FD84), 14
IX 1997 – 1 ex., leg. RD [USMB]; for. distr. Białowieża, ad Pogorzelce, comp. 424C
(FD84), oak-hornbeam forest, 25 V 2015 – 1 ex., leg. JMG; for. distr. Białowieża, comp.
450-451 (FD84), 24 IV 1990 – 5 exx., leg. JG; for. distr. Białowieża, comp. 471 (FD84), 19
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XI 1959 – larvae (imagines: 13 VI 1961), leg. BB [MIZ]; for. distr. Białowieża, comp.
493D (FD83), mixed coniferous forest, pole, 26 V 1988 – 1 ex., in a turpentine baited IBL2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; for. distr. Białowieża, comp. 494C (FD83), 24 V 2011 – 1 ex.,
in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; for. distr. Białowieża, ad Grudki (FD93), 8 VII 1988
– 3 exx., leg. JMG; for. distr. Białowieża, comp. 521B/D (FD83), mesic mixed coniferous
forest, old-growth, 26 V 1988 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; for. distr.
Białowieża, comp. 525 (FD83), 26 VI 1990 – 1 ex., leg. JG; for. distr. Białowieża, for. div.
Grudki, comp. 526 (FD93), 12 V 2001 – 1 ex., under the bark of Picea abies, leg. MM; for.
distr. Browsk, comp. 15B (FD96), 28 III 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Picea abies,
leg. RK; for. distr. Browsk, ad Narewka (FD85), 3 VI 1984 – 1 ex., leg. JMG; for. distr.
Browsk, comp. 78A (FD85), 2 V 1996 – 1 ex., leg. JŁ [USMB]; for. distr. Hajnówka,
comp. 519D (FD83), 26 VI 2005 – 1 ex., under the bark of Populus tremula, leg. RK; for.
distr. Hajnówka, ad Topiło, comp. 629C (FD73), pine-spruce coniferous forest, 25 IX 2008
– 1 ex., in a fallen, rotten trunk of Picea abies, leg. JMG; for. distr. Hajnówka, comp. 629D
(FD73), 7 VII 2008 – 1 ex., under the bark of Pinus sylvestris, leg. RK; Pogorzelce (FD84),
16 VI 1991 – 3 exx., leg. LB [RR]; “Starzyna” res. (FD72), 1 V 2002 – 2 exx., obs. RR;
Stara Białowieża (FD85), 20 VI 2017 – 1 ex., on a spruce log, leg. JTD; comp. 491A
(FD94), 18 V 2017 – 8 exx., on a spruce Picea abies overgrown with fungi (at night), leg.
JTD; Białowieża Forest, 13 VII 1949 – 1 ex., leg. RB [MIZ]; Białowieża Forest (FD85), 19
VII 1995 – 5 exx., 20 VII 1995 – 6 exx., leg. RD [USMB]. Lower Silesia: Wrocław
[Breslau] (XS46), 20 V 1929 – 1 ex., 30 VI (year unknown) – 1 ex., leg. GP [MNHW];
Wrocław-Świniary (XS37), 24 IV 1992 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR], 5 V 2016 – 1 ex., obs. RR.
Upper Silesia: Boruszowice, “Dęby Boruszowickie” res. (CA49), 19 VI 1993 – 1 ex., leg.
JG; Brynek (CA39), 17 VIII 2002 – 1 ex., 13 V 2008 – 1 ex., 4 V 2009 – 3 exx., 25 V 2014
– 1 ex., 14 VII 2015 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Bukowo vic. Kluczbork (BB94), 26 V 1995 – 1 ex.,
leg. RK; Brzezinka (CA27), 19 X 1923 – 2 exx., leg. KK [USMB], – 1 ex., ex coll. WK
[MNHW]; Chełmek (CA75), 2 V 1882 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA], 28 IV 1932 – 1 ex., leg.
KB [USMB]; Dąbrowa Górnicza (CA77), 10 V 1936 – 1 ex., leg. KS [USMB]; “Łężczok”
res. (CA05), 18 V 2016 – 1 ex., leg. JM [HS]; Murcki (CA66), 6 VI 1928 – 2 exx., 21
V 1930 – 2 exx., leg. HN [USMB], 13 VI 1934 – 8 exx., leg. FK [USMB]; for. distr.
Kluczbork, for. div. Tuły, comp. 96 (BB94), 19 IX 1999 – 1 ex., under the bark of Picea
abies, leg. RK; Rudno ad Rudziniec (CA18), 31 VIII 1992 – 2 exx., from rotting wood of
Picea abies, leg. RK; Rudziniec (CA18), 15 V 1993 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Tworóg (CB30), 11
VIII 2002 – 1 ex., 27 VI 2005 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Zaborze (CA47), 7–14 V 1901 – 6 exx., 15–
30 VII 1903 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Zawadzkie (CB20), 15 VIII 1981 – 1 ex., leg. HS;
Zawiercie (CA89), 1912 (301) – 1 ex. [MIZ]. Kraków-Wieluń Upland: Czatkowice
(DA05), 18 IX 1904 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Głogoczów (DA23), 22 V 1897 – 5 exx.,
leg. SAS [ISEA]; Kraków (DA14) – 2 exx., ex coll. EM [MIZ], 26 IV 1918 – 1 ex., leg. SP
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[ISEA]; Kraków-Dębniki (DA14), 24 V, year unknown (end of 19 th century) – 4 exx., leg.
MR [ISEA]; Kraków, Botanical Garden (DA24), 20 V 1936 – 2 exx., leg. SP [ISEA];
Kraków-Płaszów (DA24), 2 VI 1912 – 1 ex., leg. SP [ISEA]; Kraków-Zwierzyniec
(DA14), 1 V 1915 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Ojców (DA16), 26 IV 1952 – 1 ex., leg. RB
[MIZ]. Małopolska Upland: SAC “Lasy Suchedniowskie”, Świnia Góra vic. (DB75), 14
X 2015 – 1 ex., under the bark of Abies alba overgrown with sporocarps of Fomitopsis
pinicola (SW.) P. KARST., leg. JTD; “Świnia Góra” res. near Skarżysko-Kamienna (DB85),
19 IX 2010 – 3 exx., leg. JMG; Tunel near Miechów (DA28), VI 1985 – 1 ex., leg. JKM
[ISEA]. Lublin Upland: Kazimierz Dolny [Kazimierz] (EB68), 3 V 1923 – 1 ex., ex coll.
ST [MIZ]; Lublin-Majdanek [Majdanek, Lubel.] (FB17) – 2 exx., ex coll. FF [MIZ];
Puławy (EB69), IV 1907 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]. Świętokrzyskie Mts.: CisowskoOrłowiński LP, “Zamczysko” res. (DB92), 20 V 1982 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR]; “Chełmowa
Góra” res., 3 km N of Nowa Słupia, (EB03), 18 IX 2000 – 1 ex., leg. RR, 19 IX 2010 –
2 exx., leg. RK; SAC “Ostoja Wierzejska”, Kielce vic. (DB74), 23 IX 2014 – 4 exx., under
the bark of a fir tree Abies alba, leg. AM; Góry Świętokrzyskie, 15–29 V 1957 – 2 exx.,
leg. JPO [MIZ]; Góry Świętokrzyskie, Łysa Góra (EB03), 2 VI 1956 – 1 ex., under the bark
of Abies alba, leg. BB, 15 IX 1968 – 1 ex., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. BB, 15 IX
1968 – 2 exx., under the bark of A. alba, leg. BB, 15 IX 1968 – 1 ex., rotten wood near a fir
Abies alba, leg. BB [MIZ]; Góry Świętokrzyskie, Św. Katarzyna (DB93), 7 VII 1956 –
1 ex., leg. SN [MIZ], Świętokrzyskie Mts., Świętokrzyski NP, for. div. Podgórze,
Uroczysko Przylaski (DB94), 26 X 1955 – 4 exx., under the bark of an oak Quercus sp.,
leg. BB [MIZ]; Świętokrzyskie Mts., Świętokrzyski NP, comp. C-1 (DB93), 8 VIII 1962 –
2 exx., leg. MBM [MIZ]; Huta Szklana vic. (EB03), 10 V 2002 – 3 exx., leg. RR; Św.
Katarzyna (DB93), 13 VII 2014 – 6 exx., leg. JG; Świętokrzyski NP, Łysica (DB93), 20 VI
2001 – 1 ex., leg. AG, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW], 15 VIII 2007 – 1 ex., leg. MW;
Świętokrzyski NP, Św. Krzyż (EB03), 21 V 1982 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR], 6 IX 1994 – 1 ex.,
leg. HS; Świętokrzyski NP, Bartoszowiny vic. (EB03), 15 X 2018 – 1 ex., on the sporocarp
of Fomitopsis pinicola on a dead Abies alba, obs. JTD. Roztocze: “Bukowa Góra” res. ad
Zwierzyniec (FB30), 5–9 VI 1989 – 1 ex., leg. MW, 2 VII 1985 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA];
“Debry” res. ad Krasnobród (FB40), 9 V 2018 – 1 ex., on Abies alba, leg. KSU; Grele
(FB40), 14 VIII 1911 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Roztocze NP, “Nart” strict protection area
[Nart] (FB40) – 4 exx., ex coll. FF [MIZ], 15 VII 1910 – 2 exx., ex coll. ST [MIZ];
Roztocze NP, “Czerkies” strict protection area (FB40), 8 VI 1988 – 3 exx., leg. DI, ex coll.
AEBG [MNHW]; Roztocze NP, “Nart” strict protection area (FB40), 13 IV 1985 – 1 ex.,
15 V 1987 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA], 30 VI 1988 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Abies
alba, leg. JMG. Sandomierz Lowland: Brusno (FA66), 13 VI 1880 – 2 exx., leg. BK
[ISEA]. Eastern Sudeten Mts.: Góry Bialskie, “Puszcza Śnieżnej Białki” res. (XR46), 31
VII 2002 – 3 exx., under the bark of a fallen Picea abies, leg. AL; Śnieżnik massif,
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Kamienica valley (XR37), 6 VI 1989 – 1 ex., leg. AM [ISEA]; Śnieżnik massif, N of
“Śnieżnik Kłodzki” res. (XR36), 17 IX 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Picea abies,
leg. RK. Western Beskid Mts.: Babia Góra NP, Czatożańska Primeval Forest (CV99), 23
VI 1998 – 1 ex., in a fir tree Abies alba, leg. AM; Babia Góra, Markowe Szczawiny
(CV99), 17 IV 1966 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Picea abies, leg. BB [MIZ]; Babia
Góra NP, under Sokolica Mt. (CV99), 1 X 2011 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Picea
abies, leg. MM; Barania Góra (CV59), 2 VIII 1873, VII 1876 – 5 exx., leg. BK [ISEA];
Silesian Beskids, Szyndzielnia massif (CA51), 23 V 1994 – 1 ex., under the bark of Picea
abies, leg. MM; Silesian Beskids, Równica mountain range, Ustroń Jaszowiec (CA40),
2014 IV 28 – 1 ex., leg RK; Czarna Wisełka (CV59), 9 VIII 1956 – 1 ex., 21 VII 1964 –
1 larva (dead imago: 21 VII 1964), 2 V 1968 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Dolina Czarnej
Wisełki (CV59), 1 V 2014 – 4 exx., leg. JG; Kłaj (DA53), 1904 – 22 exx. leg. MR [ISEA];
Mosorny Groń (CV99), 2 V 2018 – 1 ex., on a trunk of Fagus sylvatica, leg. JTD; Młodów
(DV77), 14 VII 1899 – 44 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Osieczany (DA22), 25 VI 1899 – 1 ex.,
leg. SAS [ISEA]; Paleśnica (DA82), 1987 – 1 ex., leg. JKM [ISEA]; Radziejowa Mt.
(DV77), 15 VII 1899 – 2 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Roztoka Mała (DV78), 25 V 1892 – 1 ex.,
leg. SAS [ISEA]; Roztoka Wielka (DV78) – 5 VII 1892 – 1 ex., 14 VIII 1892 – 3 exx., 9 VI
1896 – 5 exx., 22 VII 1899 – 2 exx., 26 V 1900 – 1 ex., 15 VII 1901 – 1 ex., 2 VI 1905 –
1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Rytro (DV78), 2 VII 1897 – 3 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA], 1 VIII 1929 –
2 exx., 10 VIII 1929 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Rytro, Roztoka (DV78), 14 VII 1949 –
1 ex., leg. MBM [MIZ]; Sieraków (DA32), 20 VI 1908 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA];
Skrzyczne Mt. (CA50), VIII 1884 – 2 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Tymbark (DA50), 3 V 1905 –
1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Wierchomla (DV87), 29 VI 1897 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; WisłaGłębce (CV49), 2 VII 1964 – 2 exx., on a piece of spruce Picea abies wood covered with
mould, leg. BB [MIZ]; Zawoja-Czatoża (CV99), 7 VIII 1936 – 1 ex., 20 VIII 1937 – 2 exx.,
17 VIII 1939 – 1 ex., leg. SP [ISEA]; Zawoja-Policzne (CV99), 19 VII 1938 – 3 exx., leg.
SP [ISEA]. Nowy Targ Basin: Zakopane (DV26), 1872 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]. Eastern
Beskid Mts.: Bircza (FA00), Panieński Czub Mt., 4–22 V 1879 – 6 exx., leg. BK [ISEA];
Brzuska ad Bircza (FA01), 30 VII 2013 – 1 ex., leg. RP; for. distr. Bircza: Arłamów for.
div., comp. 137b (FV19), 3 V–2 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS];
Borysławka for. div., Kanasin Mt., southern slopes, comp. 115a (FV19), 27 V–16 VI 2015
– 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, suspended from a fir snag in Carpathian beech forest, leg.
TN [KR]; Jamna for. div., the south-eastern slope of Mt. Jamna, comp. 141a (FV19), 26 V–
16 VI 2015 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap suspended from a fir snag ca. 110 cm in
diameter, beech forest with old firs (Boros schneideri (PANZER, 1796) and Lacon
lepidopterus (PANZ.) were observed in the same area), leg. AM & TN [KR]; Jureczkowa
for.div., Karaszyn Forest, comp. 194a (FV18), 1 V 2011 – 1 ex. under the bark of a fir tree
Abies alba, obs. AM & R. Michalski; Łodzinka for. div., comp. 157a (FA10), 2 V–1 VI
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2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; Sierakośce for. div., comp. 8a and 22a
(FA20), 5 V–3 VI 2016 – 6 exx. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; Trójca for. div.,
comp. 46l (FV19), 12 VI–14 VII 2015 – 1 ex. in an IBL-5 barrier trap, suspended from a fir
snag above the Jamninka stream, leg. TN [KR]; Trzcianiec for. div.: comp. 223b (FV09),
2 V–1 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; comp. 229a (FV09), 3 V–2
VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; comp. 230a (FV09), 3 V–2 VI 2016
– 2 exx. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; Turnica for. div., ad Suchy Obycz Mt.,
comp. 160b (FV19), 2 V 2011 – 1 ex., under the bark of a fir tree Abies alba, obs. AM; for.
distr. Brzozów, Bykowce for. div., comp. 210c (EV98), 4 V–5 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2
barrier trap, leg. MB [HS]; Gorlice (EA10), 30 IV 1916 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Jarosław
(FA24), 11 V 1889 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; “Kalwaria Pacławska” res. (FV29), 10
V 2018 – 2 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO & KSU; Krosno (EA50), VI 1951 –
1 ex., ex coll. AEBG [MNHW], 13 VIII 1950 – 1 ex., leg. RB [MIZ]; Krzemień Mt. (FV28)
ad Krościenko, 6 VI 1881 – 8 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Kwaszenina (FV19), 10 IX 2011 –
3 exx., leg. HS; Las Karaszyn (FV28), for. distr. Bircza, for. div. Jureczkowa, comp. 184,
27 IX 2011 – 3 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO; Magura NP, Baranie (EV47),
27 V 1995 – 1 ex., leg. WKU; Magura NP, Hałbowska Pass (EV38), 10 V–10 VI 2014 –
1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap suspended from a fir tree Abies alba trunk, leg. AM; Pacław
(FV29), forest (private), 5 VI 2016 – 1 ex, in an IBL-5 barrier trap on Q. robur, leg. TO;
Piotruś ad Tylawa (EV58), for. distr. Dukla, for. div. Piotruś, comp. 32, 10 IX 2017 –
2 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg TO; Pogórze Przemyskie, Trójca vic. (FA10), 23
VI 2011 – 1 ex., leg. RR; “Przełom Jasiołki” res. (EV57), 27 V 2016 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2
barrier trap on Abies alba, leg. TO; Przemyśl vic. (FA21*), 22 exx., leg. TT [ISEA];
Przemyśl-Ostrów (FA21), 25 V 1879 – 4 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Radiów Wierch ad
Bandrów Narodowy (FV27), for. distr. Ustrzyki Dolne, for. div. Brzegi, comp. 107, 29 IX
2012 – 2 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO & AM; Radoszyce (EV76), for. distr.
Komańcza, for. div. Radoszyce, comp. 150, 26 VII 2012 – 2 exx., under the bark of Abies
alba, leg. TO; “Reberce” res. vic. (FA10), 1 V–1 VI 2016 – 2 exx. in an IBL-2 barrier trap,
leg. TN [HS]; Spława Mt. (FA10), 7 VI 1884 – 7 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Trójca (FA10),
2 V–1 VI 2016 – 1 ex. in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]; “Turnica” res. (FV19), 17 XI
2012 – 2 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO, 1 V–1 VI 2016 – 4 exx. in an IBL-2
barrier trap, leg. TN [HS]. Bieszczady Mts.: Cisna for. distr.: Buk for. div., comp. 83
(FV05), 10 VI 2015 – 3 exx., obs. AM; Habkowce for. div. (EV95), 18 VI 2015 – 1 ex.,
leg. AM; Strzebowiska for. div., comp. 128b (FV04), 3 VII 2015 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a fir snag Abies alba of 80 cm in diameter, obs. AM; Lutowiska for. distr.: Hulskie for. div.,
comp. 80k (FV15), 15 V–10 VI 2014 – 5 exx., obs. AM; comp. 93a (FV05), 15 V–10 VI
2014 – 3 exx., obs. AM; Paniszczew for. div., comp. 118g (FV06), 24 V 2014 – 3 exx.,
under the bark and in the roots of a very old fir Abies alba with a diameter of more than 180
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cm, obs. AM; Polanki for. div., comp. 110b (FV15), 15–31 V 2014 – 1 ex., leg. AM;
Rosochate for. div., comp. 93c (FV25), 1 VII–23 IX 2013 – 2 exx., obs. AM; Stuposiany
for. distr., Sokoliki for. div., comp. 266a (FV33), 17 V 2014 – 2 exx., obs. AM; Bieszczady
ad Komańcza (EV76), 1 VI 1970 – 2 exx., Abies alba – Pinus sylvestris forest, leg. BB
[MIZ]; for. distr. Tarnawa, for. div. Sokoliki, (FV33), 7 V 1968 – 2 exx., under the bark of
a spruce Picea abies, leg. BB [MIZ]; Otryt, the slope of hill 889 (FV25), 6 VI 1970 – 1 ex.,
leg. BB [MIZ]; Smolnik on the River San (FV25), 17 VI 1958 – 1 ex., 14 VI 1958 – 1 ex.,
under the bark of a fallen lime tree Tilia sp., on a meadow, leg. BB [MIZ]. Pieniny Mts.:
Kosarzyska vic. (DV57), 15 V 2017 – 6 exx., on Fomitopsis pinicola growing on a fir Abies
alba, leg. PCH [AM]; Pieniny NP: Harczygrunt (DV57), 9 IV 2017 – 1 ex. on Oligoporus
caesius (SCHRAD.: FR.) GILBERTSON & RYVARDEN on spruce in a fir-spruce forest, leg.
PCH [PNPM]; Pieniny glade vic. (DV57), 11 V 2017 – 1 ex., on Antrodia serialis (FR.)
DONK on spruce in old beech and fir trees, leg. PCH [AM]; Pieniny, Potok Hulina valley
(DV67), 25 VII 1939 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Pieniny, Droga Pienińska (DV57), 17 VIII
1939 – 1 ex., under the bark of a beech Fagus sylvatica, ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Pieniny, Golica
(DV57), 20 VIII 1939 – 1 ex., under the bark of a spruce Picea abies, ex coll. ST [MIZ];
Pieniny, Krasy (DV57), 14 VIII 1928 – 1 ex., under the bark of a spruce Piceaabies, ex
coll. ST [MIZ]; Pieniny, Potok Pieniński (DV57) – 4 exx., leg. RB [MIZ]; Pieniny,
Pustelnia Św. Kingi (DV57), 1 VI 1929 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Pieniny, Stolarzówka
(DV57), 20 VII 1939 – 1 ex., under the bark of Abies alba, ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Potok
Pieniński valley (DV57), 31 VII 1939 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]; Szczawnica (DV67), 17
VI 1942 – 1 ex., leg. JR [USMB]; Wielka valley (DV57), 10 VIII 2017 – 7 exx., on
Antrodia sinuosa (FR.) P. KARST. growing on a spruce at the edge of a beech-fir forest, leg.
PCH [AM]. Tatra Mts.: Ciemniak Mt (DV25), 1–3 VI 2003 – 1 ex., leg. EB [SK];
Kościeliska valley (DV15), 25 VII 1949 – 1 ex., leg. AR [MIZ]; Strążyska valley (DV25),
29 VII 1879 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Zakopane vic., Ścieżka nad Reglami (DV25),
3 V 2009 – over 10 exx., under the bark of a fallen spruce Picea abies, leg. JTD.
Distribution. A widely distributed, Holarctic species. Known from the whole of
Poland, though rarely encountered. Most records are from the south and east of the country.
More common in well-preserved forests rich in deadwood overgrown with fungi. Recently
recorded by OLBRYCHT et al. (2015) in the “Bieszczady” Natura 2000 site co-occurring
with Rhysodes sulcatus (FABRICIUS, 1787) and in the Roztocze region (PAPIS, MOKRZYCKI
2015). New for the Małopolska Upland and the Nowy Targ Basin (Fig. 10).
Biology. Larvae develop in the rotting wood of various trees, and occasionally in
building timber (BURAKOWSKI et al. 1986, KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005). The data summarised in
the present paper show that it prefers coniferous trees, like spruce (39% of records) and fir
(35%). Adults can be seen throughout the year in places where beetles feed and conceal
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Fig. 10. Peltis ferruginea (published records – black squares, records reported in the
present paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
themselves – under bark, in decaying wood, in the crevices of trunks, hollows, etc. The
beetles can be observed from April until mid-October, with their activity peaking between
late April and late July.
Peltis grossa (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Material examined. Masurian Lake District: for. div. Boczki, Gołdap (EF91), 29 III
1955 – 11 exx., in a broken birch, dry, white-yellow rot, leg. BB [MIZ]; Pisz Forest,
“Szast” reference forest ad Pogobie Średnie (EE53), 5 V 2011 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a broken Betula pendula 25 cm in diameter, leg. JMG, pine forest, 6–27 V 2013 – 1 ex., 18
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VI–10 VII 2013 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Pisz Forest, Snopki vic. ad
Pisz (EE44), pine forest, 5 V 2011 – 2 exx., 6–27 V 2013 – 1 ex., 18 V–10 VI 2015 –
2 exx., in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG. Mazovian Lowland: Otwock-Świder [Świder]
(EC17), 4 VII 1903 – 2 exx., leg. WM [USMB]; Warszawa-Bielany [Bielany] (DC99), 23
V 1900 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]. Podlasie: Knyszyn Forest, “Jesionowe Góry” res.
(FE51), 27 IV 2010 – 1 ex., in a fallen Betula pendula trunk, leg. JMG; Knyszyn Forest,
“Las Cieliczański” res. vic. Białystok, comp. 7 (FD59), 14 IV 2010, remains of an imago in
a fallen, rotting birch Betula sp., leg. JMG. Białowieża Primeval Forest: Białowieża NP,
ad Gruszki, comp. 105B (FD95), burned site, 9 V – 1 ex., 23 V – 1 ex., 6 VI 2016 – 2 exx.,
in Netocia traps installed at 1 m height on living pines, 22 V–5 VI 2017 – 1 ex., in a black,
baited funnel trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 111B (FD95), 5 V 2018 – 1 ex., under
the bark of a dead Picea abies, leg. MM; Białowieża NP, comp. 163C/194A (FD95) –
1 ex., under the bark of an old, dead Alnus glutinosa 40 cm in diameter, leg. KSU;
Białowieża NP, comp. 192 (FD95), 16 V 1965 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP,
comp. 224 (FD95), 3 VI 1954 – 1 ex., 5 VI 1954 – 3 VI 1955 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ];
Białowieża NP, comp. 253D (FD84), Narewka river valley, 20–27 V 1997 – 1 ex., in an
IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 288C/318A (FD94), mixed
coniferous forest Calamagrostio-Piceetum, 19 VI 1997 – 1 ex., 3 VI 1998 – 1 ex., 10
V 2000 – 2 exx., 24 V 2000 – 2 exx., 21 VI 2000 – 1 ex., 29 V 2001 – 1 ex., 12 VI 2001 –
1 ex., 24 V 2002 – 4 exx., 4 VI 2002 – 1 ex., 14 V 2003 – 1 ex., 28 V 2003 – 2 exx., 8 VI
2004 – 4 exx., 22 VI 2004 – 1 ex., 2 VI 2005 – 1 ex., 18 V 2006 – 1 ex., 15 VI 2006 –
1 ex., 29 V 2008 – 1 ex., 12 VI 2008 – 1 ex., 26 VI 2008 – 1 ex., 30 IV 2009 – 1 ex., 14 V
2009 – 1 ex., 29 V 2009 – 1 ex., 11 V 2011 – 1 ex., 23 V 2012 – 1 ex., 14 V 2013 – 2 exx.,
27 V 2014 – 1 ex., in IBL-2bis barrier traps , 29 VI 2006 – 1 ex., 24 V 2007 – 1 ex., in
Moericke traps, 7 VI 2007 – 2 exx., in Netocia type traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp.
314 (FD94), 19 XI 1967 – 1 ex., in the trunk of Alnus glutinosa, leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża
NP, comp. 314 (FD94), 2 V 1993 – 1 ex., leg. TM [HS]; Białowieża NP, comp. 316
(FD94), 4 V 1964 – 1 ex., in the trunk of a spruce, leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp.
318B (FD94), mixed coniferous forest, 12 IX 2007 – 3 exx. and feeding traces in a fallen,
badly decayed (with fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes fomentarius (L.))
Betula pendula 40 cm in diameter, remains of an imago in a snag of a rotten (white and
brown rot, fruiting body of Fomes fomentarius) Betula pendula 30 cm in diameter, remains
of an imago in a snag of a rotten (brown rot) Betula pendula 35 cm in diameter, leg. JMG;
Białowieża NP, comp. 340 (FD94), 17 XI 1967 – 2 exx., in the trunk of a fallen lime tree
Tilia sp., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 341/342 (FD94), 2 VI 1954 – 1 ex., leg.
BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 341/371 (FD94), 30 V 1955 – 3 exx., rotten wood of
a lime tree Tilia sp., 7 VI 1955 – 1 ex., dead adult, leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp.
342 (FD94), 10 VI 1965 – 1 ex., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 368E (FD94),
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Narewka river valley, 17–23 V 2000 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG;
Białowieża NP, comp. 369 (FD94), 19 VII 1998 – 1 ex., leg. MW; Białowieża NP, comp.
370D (FD94), oak-hornbeam forest, 12 VIII 1985 – 2 exx., leg. JMG; Białowieża NP,
comp. 373 (FD94), 13 VI 1994 – 1 ex., in rotten wood, leg. AL; Białowieża NP, comp. 398
(FD94), 18 IV 1967 – 3 exx., trunk of a lime tree, leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp.
399 (FD94) – 1 ex., oak-hornbeam forest [MIZ]; Białowieża NP, comp. 400 (FD94), 25 VII
1982 – 1 ex., leg. MW; Białowieża NP, 4 V 1961 – 1 ex., leg. SA [MIZ]; Białowieża
(FD94), 2 IV 1951–19 III 1952 – 5 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża (FD94), 25 VII 1982 –
3 exx., leg. LB, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW]; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga
Browska, comp. 375B/375D (FD94), 14–19 V 1997 – 1 ex., 20–27 V 1997 – 1 ex., in an
IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska
(FD94), 9 V 1998 – 1 ex., under the bark of a spruce Picea abies, leg. MM, 30 IV 2002 –
2 exx., leg. RR; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska (FD84), 30 V 2014 –
over 10 exx., on the trunk of a spruce Picea abies overgrown with fungi (at night), leg.
JTD; Braszcza – bridge over the river (FD95), 20 V 2017 – 1 ex., in flight, leg. JTD; for.
distr. Białowieża, comp. 523/547 (FD83), Podcerkwa wood depot, 4 VI 1954 – 1 ex., leg.
BB [MIZ]; for. distr. Browsk, comp. 129D (FD95), 18 VII 1981 – 1 ex., leg. JŁ [USMB];
for. distr. Browsk [currently Białowieża NP], comp. 158A (FD95), 21 VI 1984 – 1 ex., leg.
JŁ [USMB]; Nowe Masiewo vic., comp. 66D (FD95), 14 XI 2012 – 2 exx., under the bark
of Populus tremula, leg. JŁ [AL]; Białowieża Forest (FD94), 1 V 1991 – 1 ex., leg. RK;
Białowieża Forest (FD84), 26 VI 1991 – 1 ex., leg. TM [HS]; Białowieża Forest (FD85), 15
VII 1995 – 3 exx., leg. RD [USMB]; Białowieża Forest, 28 V 1981 – 1 ex., leg. AJ [HS];
Topiło vic., comp. 598 (FD73), 4 IV 2001 – 1 ex., in rotten wood, leg. AL. Upper Silesia:
Katowice Panewniki (CA56), 26 X 1920 – 1 ex., leg. HN [USMB]. Małopolska Upland:
“Świnia Góra” res. ad Skarżysko-Kamienna (DB75), 19 IX 2010, remains of an imago and
feeding traces on a fallen, rotting Abies alba 60 cm in diameter, leg. JMG, 29 VII 2015 –
1 ex., leg. MW [PJ]. Świętokrzyskie Mts.: Huta Szklana (EB03), 10 V 2002 – 1 ex., leg.
MW; Łysa Góra (EB03), 3 VI 1956 – 2 larvae on Abies alba (imagines: 10 XI 1956), leg.
BB [MIZ]; SAC “Ostoja Wierzejska”, Kielce vic. (DB74), 22 IX 2014 – 2 exx., under the
bark of a fir snag Abies alba, together with Cucujus cinnaberinus (SCOP.), leg. AM; Św.
Katarzyna (DB93), 18 V 1957 – 1 ex., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. JPO [MIZ];
Świętokrzyski NP, Łysica (DB93), 20 VI 2001 – 1 ex., leg. AG, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW];
Świętokrzyski NP, Łysica massif (DB93), 7 VII 1995 – 3 exx., on a bracket fungus on
a dead Abies alba, leg. MM; Świętokrzyski NP, “Święty Krzyż” res. (EB03), 15 VI 1979 –
1 ex., leg. MW, 14 VIII 1994 – 1 ex., reared from a pupa collected on the trunk of
a rotting Abies alba collected on 12 VIII 1994, leg. et cult. MM; Świętokrzyski NP, Św.
Katarzyna (DB93), 16 VII 2009 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Abies alba, leg. MM
& LBU; Świętokrzyski NP, comp. C-1 (DB93), 8 VIII 1962 – 3 exx., leg. MBM [MIZ];
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Świętokrzyski NP, Bartoszowiny vic. (EB03), 15 X 2018 – 1 ex., on fruiting Fomitopsis
pinicola on a dead Abies alba, obs. JTD. Roztocze: “Bukowa Góra” strict protection area
ad Zwierzyniec (FB30), 8 VI 1955 – 1 ex., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. BB [MIZ],
2 VII 1985 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA], 5–9 VI 1989 – 4 exx., 29 VI 1990 – 2 exx., leg. MW;
Roztocze NP, “Czerkies” strict protection area (FB40), 23 IX 1987 – 4 exx., 15 VI 1990 –
2 exx., leg. LB, 8 VI 1988 – 4 exx., leg. DI, ex coll. AEBG [MNHW], 10 VI 1989 – 1 ex.,
leg. MW; Roztocze NP, “Nart” strict protection area (FB40), 30 VI 198 – 1 ex., 15 V 1987
– 2 exx., leg. DK [ISEA], 30 VI 1988 – less than 10 exx., under the bark of dead Abies alba
trees, leg. JMG; “Debry” res. ad Krasnobród (FB40), 9 V 2018 – 1 ex., on Abies alba, leg.
KSU; Zwierzyniec (FB41), 3 VI 1987 – 2 exx., leg. LBU [HS], [JG]. Sandomierz
Lowland: Ispina (DA55) ad Niepołomice, VI 1984 – 1 ex., leg. KP [ISEA]. Western
Beskid Mts.: Barania Góra (CV59), 2 VIII 1873 – 8 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Chabówka
(DV29), 12 IX 1898 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Czantoria Mt. (CA40), VII 1876 – 8 exx.,
leg. BK [ISEA]; Młodów (DV77), 15 VII 1898 – 2 exx., 12 V 1899 – 4 exx., 14 VII 1899 –
2 exx. leg. SAS [ISEA]; Polanka Wielka (CA73), 12 IX 1901 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA];
Ptaszkowa (DV99), 17 VI 1892 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Roztoka Wielka (DV78), 26 VI
1892 – 3 exx., 7–17 VII 1892 – 4 exx., 14 VIII 1892 – 6 exx., 16 V 1896 – 1 ex., 9–21 VI
1896 – 11 exx., 14 VII 1897 – 1 ex., 10–14 VII 1898 – 13 exx., 15–22 VII 1899 – 2 exx.,
7–11 VIII 1899 – 4 exx., 24 V 1900 – 2 exx., 15 VII 1901 – 4 exx., 5 V 1918 – 1 ex., leg.
SAS [ISEA]; Rytro (DV78), 2 VII 1897 – 5 exx., 19 VII 1898 – 1 ex., 19–20 VI 1919 –
2 exx. leg. SAS [ISEA]; Skrzyczne Mt. (CA50), VIII 1884 – 7 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; distr.
Sucha Beskidzka (CA91), 5 VII 1955 – 3 exx. [MIZ]; Zawoja (CA90), 14 VII 1948 –
5 exx., leg. JPO [MIZ]; Zawoja-Czatoża (CV99), 7 VIII 1936 – 2 exx., 20 VII 1937 – 1 ex.,
5–15 VII 1938 – 7 exx., 17 VIII 1939 – 5 exx. leg. SP [ISEA]; Żegiestów (DV87), 15 VIII
1892 – 2 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]. Eastern Beskid Mts.: Arłamów (FV19), for. distr. Bircza,
for. div. Turnica, comp. 178, 7 VII 2012 – 1 ex, under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO;
Bircza (FA00), Panieński Czub Mt., 4–22 V 1879 – 15 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Barwinek
(EV57), 6 VII 1987 – 1 ex., leg. DK [ISEA]; Beskid Niski, Barwinek ad Dukla (EV57), 23
VII 1988 – 2 exx., in rot on Abies alba, 8 VII 1992 – 1 ex., leg. RK; for. distr. Bircza,
Trójca for. div., comp. 46l (FV19), 12 VI–14 VII 2015 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap,
suspended from a fir above the Jamninka stream, leg. TN [KR]; Buczacz (FA02), 21 V–24
VI 2016 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. AM [HS]; Grąziowa (FV09), for. distr.
Bircza, for. div. Krzywe, comp. 93, 14 VI 2012 – 3 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg.
TO & AM; Jamna Dolna (FV19), 3 VI 2012 – 3 exx., old cemetery, under the bark of Tilia
cordata, leg. TO & AM; “Kalwaria Pacławska” res. (FV 29), 10 V 2018 – 11 exx, under
the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO & KSU; for. distr. Krasiczyn, Krzeczkowa for. div., comp.
230h (FA11), VI 2012 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Kupna for. div., comp. 213a (FA11), V 2012 –
2 exx., leg. AM; Olszany for. div., comp. 139A-b (FA11), V 2012 – 4 exx., leg. AM;
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Krzemień Mt. (FV28) ad Krościenko, 6 VI 1881 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Kuszmień Mt.
(FV17), 19 VII 1884 – 6 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Las Karaszyn (FV28), for. distr. Bircza, for.
div. Jureczkowa, comp. 184, 10 IX 2011 – 1 ex, 27 IX 2011 – 2 exx., under the bark of
Abies alba, leg. TO; Lipowica ad Krosno (EV58), 4 VI 1971 – 1 ex., ex coll. AEBG
[MNHW]; Magura NP: Feszówka Mt. (EV38), 24 VI 2014 – 2 exx., under the bark of a fir
snag Abies alba 50 cm in diameter, leg. AM; Folusz vic. (EV29), 30 VIII 2014 – 1 ex.,
a dead specimen under the bark of an old fir Abies alba 80 cm in diameter, leg. AM;
Hałbowska Pass (EV38), 10 V–10 VIII 2014 – 4 exx., in an IBL-5 barrier trap suspended
from a fir tree trunk, leg. AM; Huta Krempska vic. (EV38), 17 VII 2014 – 1 ex., under the
bark of a fir snag Abies alba 45 cm in diameter, leg. AM; Kornuty Mt. (EV29), 19 VIII
2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of a fir snag Abies alba ca. 70 cm in diameter, leg. AM;
Krempna vic. (EV38), 10 V 2014 – 2 exx., under the bark of a fir snag Abies alba 50 cm in
diameter, leg. AM; Magura Wątkowska Mt. (EV29), 8 VIII 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of
a fir snag Abies alba 40 cm in diameter, leg. AM; Pogórze Przemyskie, Trójca vic. (FA10),
23 VI 2011 – 1 ex., leg. RR; Przemyśl vic. (FA21*), 17 exx., leg. TT [ISEA]; Puławy
Górne (EV68), 28 I 2014 – 1 ex., for. distr. Rymanów, for. div. Pastwiska, comp. 54, under
the bark of Pinus sylvestris, leg. TO; Spława Mt. (FA10), 7 VI 1884 – 13 exx., leg. BK
[ISEA]; Stebnik (FV27), 5 VI 1881 – 2 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Suchania Mt. (EV48), 7 VIII
2014 – 2 exx., under the bark of a fir snag Abies alba 45 cm in diameter, leg. AM; Suchy
Obycz (EV19) ad Arłamów, 31 VIII 2017 – 2 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO.
Bieszczady Mts.: Bereżki (FV24), 25 VII 1967 – 1 ex., leg. JP [ISEA]; Bieszczadzki NP.:
Caryńskie (FV14), 14 IX 2014 – 1 ex, old cemetery, on the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO;
Bystre ad Baligród: south-western slope of Michałowa Mt. (EV96), 4 I 2014 – 1 ex., leg.
AM; Cisna for. distr.: Buk for. div., comp. 97 (FV05), 16 V 2015 – 3 exx., obs. AM; comp.
73b (FV15), 8 VI 2014 – 2 exx., leg. AM; Czarne ad Baligród (EV96), 5–10 VII 1955 –
1 ex., leg. STO [MIZ]; Dzidowa Mt., Partyja Mt. (EV96), 5–6 I 2014 – 4 exx., obs. AM;
Dźwiniacz for. div., comp. 60b (FV24/FV34), 19 V 2014 – 12 exx., under the bark of old,
dying birches Betula sp. in a moist forest, obs. AM; Habkowce for. div., a shelter on the
slope of Hon Mt. (EV95), 28 V 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM; Hoszów [Choszów] (EV17), 29 VI
1953 – 2 exx., leg. BB [MIZ]; Hulskie for. div. comp. 80k (FV15), 10 V–15 VI 2014 –
1 ex., obs. AM; comp. 73b (FV15), 8 VI 2014 – 2 exx., leg. AM; Jabłonki ad Baligród,
Łysy Wierch Mt. (EV95), 6 I 2014 – 2 exx., obs. AM; Jawornik for. div., comp. 71b
(FV15), 9 VI 2014 – 3 exx., under the bark of a fir tree Abies alba over 80 cm in diameter,
obs. AM; Komańcza for. distr., Maniów for. div., comp. 33A-a (EV85), 9 VIII 2015 –
1 ex., obs. AM; Krzywe for. div., comp. 126 (EV94), 18 VI 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM; Liszna
for. div., comp. 148 (EV95), VI–VIII 2015 – 1 ex., leg. AM; comp. 166 (EV94), VI 2015 –
1 ex., obs. AM; Lutowiska for. distr. Dwernik for. div., comp. 9c and 11i (FV15), 9–15 VII
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Fig. 11. Peltis grossa (published records – black squares, records reported in the present
paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
2013 – 3 exx., obs. AM; Łubne-Żenowate (EV95), 11 VII 1971 – 1 ex., leg. ZS [USMB];
Muczne for. div., comp. 40a and 56c (FV24), 15 V–10 VI 2014 – 4 exx., obs. AM;
Okrąglik for. div., comp. 123 (FV04), VI 2015 – 6 exx., under the bark of old firs Abies
alba, obs. AM; Paniszczew for. distr. comp. 85a (FV06), 26 V 2014 – 2 exx., obs. AM;
comp. 118g (FV06), 24 V 2014 – 3 exx. under the bark and in the rot of a very old fir Abies
alba with a diameter of more than 180 cm, leg. AM; Polana for. div. comp. 80B-a (FV16),
10 V–15 VI 2014 – 2 exx., obs. AM; comp. 108b (FV15), 31 V–15 VI 2014 – 2 exx., obs.
AM; comp. 114a (FV15), 10 V–15 VI 2014 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Radoszyce for. div., comp.
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Fig. 12. Peltis grossa – an adult and larval galleries in a birch log, Knyszyn Forest; phot.
J.M. GUTOWSKI.
157d (EV76), 7 VI 2015 – 1 ex., leg. AM; comp. 222a (EV75), 9 VI 2015 – 1 ex. in
a timber yard, obs. AM; Rosochate for. div., comp. 88a and 123A-b (FV25), 2–5 VII 2013
– 2 exx., obs. AM; comp. 96b, 96c, 97b (FV15), 7 VII–23 IX 2013 – 7 exx., obs. AM;
Sękowiec for. div., comp. 144d and 154A-b (FV15), 1–15 VI 2014 –
4 exx., leg. AM; Smolnik for. div., comp. 45a (EV85), 14 VIII 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM;
Sokoliki for. div., comp. 266c and f (FV33), 17 V 2014 – 3 exx., obs. AM; Stuposiany
(FV25), village, 17 VII 2013 – 1 ex, on firewood, leg TO; Stare Sioło for. div. comp. 97
(FV04), 3 VII 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM; Strzebowiska for. div., comp. 128 (FV04), 3 VII
2015 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Stuposiany for. distr., Czereszenka for. div., comp. 2f, 10c, and 15a
(FV25), 3–9 VII 2013 – 5 exx., obs. AM; Suche Rzeki vic., Jaworniki Mt. (FV15), 4–8 VI
2016 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. AM & R. G IL; Tworylczyk for. div., comp. 93a
(FV05), 1–10 VI 2014, obs. AM; Ustrzyki Górne (FV24), 3 IV 1968 – 1 ex., log of Alnus
sp. lying on the ground, leg. BB [MIZ], 19 VI 1977 – 3 exx., ex coll. AEBG [MNHW];
Widełki for. div., comp: 23a, 28a, 93g, (FV24), 7 VII–23 IX 2013 – more than 10 exx.
under the bark of firs Abies alba, obs. AM; Zatwarnica vic., Dolina Hylaty (FV15), 8 VI
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2013 – 1 ex., on a spruce log, leg. JTD; Żubracze for. div. (EV95), VII 2015 – 1 ex., leg.
AM.
Distribution. Species inhabiting the whole of Europe, rarely observed in Poland.
Known mainly from the east of the country and the Świętokrzyskie Mts. A relict of
primeval forests. Recently recorded from the Świętokrzyskie Mts. and Suchedniów Plateau
(Płaskowyż Suchedniowski) (BUCHHOLZ, BIDAS 2012), Białowieża Forest (PLEWA et al.
2015), Roztocze (PAPIS, MOKRZYCKI 2015) and Bieszczady Mts. (HOLLY 2016). Nowadays
it occurs only in eastern Poland. Historical records from the Sudeten Mts. in western Poland
have not been confirmed for many years. Newly recorded in the Mazovian Lowland and
Małopolska Upland (Fig. 11).
Biology. Develops in soft, rotten wood overgrown with fungi. According to BOROWSKI
(2006) it is monophagous on Fomitopsis pinicola. Associated with firs and spruces in
montane forests but also with other species of trees, e.g. birches (Fig. 12) (BURAKOWSKI et
al. 1986, KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005, this study). According to the present data (Tab. 1), it shows
a strong preference for firs (63% of records). Adults can be observed throughout the year in
feeding galleries and places of concealment – under bark and in deadwood of both snags
and fallen trees, also in windthrows, tree stumps, and thick branches; the beetles are active
from the end of April until mid-July, mainly in May and June.
Family: Thymalidae
Thymalus limbatus (FABRICIUS, 1787)
Material examined. Baltic Coast: Międzyzdroje (VV67), 3 VI 1998 – 1 ex., leg. HS;
Wolin Is., Lubiń (VV66), 3 V 1991 – 2 exx., 31 VII–8 VIII 1991 – 21 exx., leg. MW;
Wolin Is., Międzyzdroje (VV67), 21 VII 2000 – 4 exx., mixed coniferous forest, under
bark, leg. AL. Pomeranian Lake District: Drawieński NP, “Radęcin” strict protection area
(WU68), 4 V 2013 – 1 ex., leg. RR. Mazovian Lowland: Otwock [Jabłoń] (EC17), 16 VIII
1900 – 1 ex., leg. WM [USMB]. Podlasie: Knyszyn Forest, “Krzemienne Góry” res.
(FD69), 26 V 2011 – 1 ex., leg. JMG. Białowieża Primeval Forest: Białowieża NP,
Zamosze vic., Głuszec (FD95), 29 V 2016 – 1 ex., leg. RR; Białowieża NP, comp. 224
(FD95), 5 VI 1954 – 2 exx., under the bark of spruce, leg. BB [MIZ]; Białowieża NP,
comp. 256C (FD95), 6 V 1992 – 1 ex., leg. JMG [ISEA]; Białowieża NP, comp.
288C/318A (FD94), mixed coniferous forest, 15 V 1990 – 1 ex., 18 VII 1995 – 1 ex., in
turpentine baited (the first specimen) and unbaited (the second specimen) IBL-2bis barrier
traps, 29 V 2001 – 1 ex., 24 V 2002 – 1 ex., 19 V 2005 – 1 ex., 2 VI 2005 – 1 ex., 24
V 2007 – 1 ex., 29 V 2008 – 1 ex., 11 VI 2009 – 2 exx., 9 VII 2009 – 1 ex., 20 VII 2011 –
1 ex., 9 V 2012 – 2 exx., 23 V 2012 – 1 ex., in unbaited IBL-2bis barrier traps, 7 VI 2007 –
1 ex., in a Netocia trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 316 (FD94), 17 VI 1996 – 1 ex.,
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oak-hornbeam forest, on Laetiporus sulphureus, leg. KSU [AL]; Białowieża NP, comp.
318A (FD94), Querco-Piceetum, 24 V 2007 – 1 ex., in a Netocia trap, 25 VI 2009 – 1 ex.,
in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 399 (FD94), 18 VI 1991 –
1 ex., leg. MW; Białowieża NP, comp. 399C (FD94), oak-hornbeam forest, 24 V 1994 –
1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP, comp. 400 (FD94), 1 VIII
1982 – 4 exx., leg. MW; Białowieża NP, comp. 400D (FD94), 24 VI 1997 – 1 ex., leg. RK;
Białowieża NP, 15–27 VI 1991 – 3 exx., leg. LB [RR]; Białowieża NP/for. distr.
Białowieża, Droga Browska, comp. 374D/403B (FD94), 21–27 VI 2001 – 1 ex., in an IBL2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; Białowieża NP/for. distr. Białowieża, Droga Browska, comp.
375B/375D (FD94), 4–10 VI 1997 – 3 exx., 22–28 VII 1998 – 1 ex., 2–8 VI 1999 – 2 exx.,
in IBL-2bis barrier traps, leg. JMG; Białowieża, Palace Park (FD94), 18 IX 2004 – 1 ex.,
leg. RR; for. distr. Białowieża, ad Teremiski (FD84), oak-hornbeam forest, 8 VI 2015 –
1 ex., in an IBL-2bis barrier trap, leg. JMG; for. distr. Białowieża, Białowieża-Krzyże vic.
(FD94), 19 V 2017 – 6 exx., on an oak Quercus sp. overgrown with fungi (at night), leg.
JTD; for. distr. Białowieża, comp. 494C (FD84), 8 VI 2000 – 2 exx., leg. JMG [ISEA]; for.
distr. Browsk, comp. 156 (FD85), 26 VI 1991 – 1 ex., leg. TM [ISEA]; ad Nowosady,
Bagna Derlicz vic. (FD75), 19 V 2017 – 1 ex., on the trunk of a spruce Picea abies, leg.
JTD. Trzebnica Hills: Skoroszów vic. (XS56), beech forest, 15 VIII 2006 – 1 ex., leg. RR.
Kraków-Wieluń Upland: Kraków-Las Wolski (DA14), 24 V, year unknown (end of 19 th
century) – 5 exx., leg. MR [ISEA]. Świętokrzyskie Mts.: Łysa Góra (EB03), 15 IX 1968 –
2 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. BB [MIZ]; Góry Świętokrzyskie, Łysa Góra Mt.
(EB03), 3 VI 1956 – 1 larva (imago: 14 VI 1956), leg. BB [MIZ]; Huta Szklana vic.
(EB03), 10 V 2002 – 3 exx., leg. RR; Św. Katarzyna (DB93), 13 VII 2014 –2 exx., leg. JG;
Św. Krzyż, 21 V 1982 – 1 ex., leg. LB [RR]; Świętokrzyski NP, comp. C-1 (DB93), 8 VIII
1962 – 2 exx., leg. MBM [MIZ]; Świętokrzyski NP, Łysica-Św. Krzyż protected area
(DB93), 3 V 2010 – 2 exx., leg. MM & LBU; Świętokrzyskie Mts., 25 VI 1983 – 1 ex., leg.
JKM [ISEA]. Roztocze: Roztocze NP, “Nart” strict protection area [Nart g. Lubelska]
(FB40), 15 VII 1910 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ], 1 ex., in a bracket fungus, ex coll. FF
[MIZ]; Zwierzyniec, Bukowa Góra (FB30), 24 VI 1902 – 2 exx., leg. WM [USMB];
Zwierzyniec [Zwierzyniec Lubelski] (FB30), 15 VI 1914 – 1 ex., ex coll. FF [MIZ].
Western Sudeten Mts.: Wolibórz (XS10), 4–5 VII 1996 – 12 exx., several hundreds of
beetles were observed in the middle of the day, swarming on fruiting bodies of Fomes
fomentarius growing on the basal part of an old Fagus sylvatica trunk, leg. HS. Eastern
Sudeten Mts.: Góry Bialskie, Puszcza Jaworowa (XR46),7 VII 1993 – 4 exx., leg. LB.
Western Beskid Mts.: Beskid Wołosacki Mt. (FV23), 22 VII 1880 – 1 ex., leg. BK
[ISEA]; Bircza (FA00), Panieński Czub Mt., 22 V 1879 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Barania
Góra (CV59), VII 1876 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; “Barania Góra” res. (CV59), 25 VII 1997
– 3 exx., under loose bark on a dead Picea abies, leg. HS; Silesian Beskids, Czantoria vic.
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(CA40), 31 VII 2000 – 1 ex., leg. RR; Czantoria Mt. (CA40), VII–VIII 1884 – 2 exx., 21
VIII 1886 – 1 ex., 1887 – 8 exx. leg. BK [ISEA]; Radziejowa Mt. (DV77), 8 VII 1901 –
4 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Roztoka Wielka (DV78), 9 VI 1896 – 1 ex., 12 IV 1899 – 1 ex.,
15 VII 1901 – 4 exx. leg. SAS [ISEA]; Równica Mt. (CA40), VIII 1884 – 6 exx., leg. BK
[ISEA]; Rytro (DV78), 20 VI 1919 – 3 exx., leg. SAS [ISEA], 21 VII 1902 – 1 ex., leg.
WM [USMB]; Skrzyczne Mt. (CA50), VIII 1884 – 21 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Tuł Mt.
(CA30), 1888 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]. Eastern Beskid Mts.: Długie vic. (EV27), 24 VI
2014 – 1 ex. under the bark of a standing beech stump with a diameter of over 100 cm, leg.
AM; for. distr. Bircza: Borysławka for. div., the Kanasin Mt., southern slopes, comp. 115a
(FV19), 14 VII–3 VIII 2015 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2 barrier trap suspended from a fir snag in
Carpathian beech forest, leg. TN [KR]; for. distr. Krasiczyn, Krzeczkowa for. div., comp.
230h (FA11), VI 2012 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Hałbowska Pass vic. (EV38), 10 V–10 VI 2014 –
1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap suspended from a fir tree Abies alba trunk, leg. AM; Hołubla
(FA11), 31 V 1884 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Huta Krempska vic. (EV38), 17 VII 2014 –
1 ex., under the bark of a fir snag Abies alba 45 cm in diameter, leg. AM; Huwniki (FA20),
5 V–7 VI 2016 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2 barrier trap, leg. AM [HS]; Jureczkowa for. div., the
north-eastern slope of Żupa Mt., comp. 204s (FV18), 26 V–15 VI 2015 – 4 exx., in an IBL5 barrier trap suspended from a fir snag in Carpathian beech forest with admixed sycamore
Acer pseudoplatanus L., leg. TN [KR]; Las Karaszyn (FV18), for. distr. Bircza, for. div.
Jureczkowa, comp. 191, 5 IX 2013 – 3 exx., under the bark of Abies alba, leg. TO;
Kuszmień Mt. (FV17), 19 VII 1884 – 1 ex., leg. BK [ISEA]; Magura NP: Baranie massif
(EV47), 29 III 2014 – 1 ex., under the bark of a dead Acer pseudoplatanus, leg. MM et
LBU; Magura NP, Ciechania (EV37), 7 VII 2014 – 1 ex., under a bracket fungus on a
wind-thrown beech (fallen timber) – Fagus sylvatica, leg. AM; Olszany (FA11), 1877 –
4 exx., leg. BK [ISEA]; Pacław (FV29), forest, 5 VI 2015 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5 barrier trap
on Quercus robur, leg. TO; Przemyśl vic. (FA21*), 25 exx., leg. TT [ISEA]; “Przełom
Jasiołki” res. (EV57), 27 V 2016 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2 barrier trap on Abies alba, leg. TO;
“Reberce” res. vic. (FA10), 1 VI 2016 – 1 ex., leg. TN [HS]; Roztoka (FV09), 1 VI 2016 –
2 exx., 2 VI. 2016 – 2 exx., leg. MB [HS]; Spława Mt. (FA10), 6 VII 1884 – 4 exx., leg.
BK [ISEA]; Trójca for. div., comp. 46l (FV19), 26 V–15 VI 2015 – 1 ex., in an IBL-5
barrier trap suspended from a fir above the Jamninka stream, leg. TN [KR]; Turnica for.
div., Suchy Obycz massif, northern slopes of the Niemiecka Valley, comp. 162a (FV19), 27
IV–27 V 2015 – 1 ex., in an IBL-2 barrier trap suspended from beech trees in Carpathian
beech forest with admixed fir, leg. TN [KR]. Bieszczady Mts.: Cisna for. distr., Roztoki
for. div., comp. 169a, (EV94), 29 VII 2015 – 1 ex., obs. AM; Lutowiska for.distr.,
Paniszczew for. div., comp. 115b (FV06), 29 V 2014 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Lutowiska for.distr.,
Paniszczew for. div., comp. 116 (FV06), 24 V 2014 – 2 exx., under the bark, leg. AM;
Polana for. div., comp. 80B-a (FV16), 15 V–10 VI 2014 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Połonina
262
Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3)
Caryńska Mt. (FV24), 2 VI 2001 – 1 ex., leg. HS; Rosochate for. div., comp. 96c (FV15),
1 VII–23 IX 2013 – 1 ex., leg. AM; Bieszczadzki NP; Ustrzyki Górne (FV24), 24–27 V
1996 – 1 ex., 26 V 1997 – 1 ex., leg. HS. Pieniny Mts.: Pieniny NP, Burzana vic. (DV57),
20 VII 2017 – 1 ex., on Polyporus squamosus (HUDS.) QUÉL. growing on a beech in an old
beech and fir forest, leg. PCH [PNPM]; Pieniny, Pustelnia Św. Kingi (DV57), 1 VI 1929 –
1 ex., coll. ST [MIZ]; Potok Pieniński (DV57), 26 V 1912 – 1 ex., ex coll. ST [MIZ]. Tatra
Mts.: Kościeliska Valley (DV15), 4 VII 1939 – 1 ex., leg. SAS [ISEA]; Liliowe (DV25),
8–10 VIII 1879 – 2 exx., leg. BK [ISEA].
Fig. 13. Thymalus limbatus (published records – black squares, records reported in the
present paper – red circles) – distribution in Poland.
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
263
Distribution. Widely distributed in Europe, reaching northern Africa. Rarely collected
in Poland – a relict of natural forests. Recorded in radiocarbon-dated subfossil remains
from ca. 10000 BP (PAWŁOWSKI & KUŚKA 1987). Occurs in southern Poland, the
Białowieża Forest and scattered localities in the lowlands. Recently recorded in the
Białowieża Forest and Podlasie (PLEWA et al. 2014). New records from the Pomeranian
Lake District, Mazovian Lowland, Trzebnica Hills and Tatra Mts. (Fig. 13).
Biology. A fungivorous species associated with trees of numerous species, mostly
broadleaved (beech, birch, lime) but also coniferous (spruce) (BURAKOWSKI et al. 1986,
KOLIBÁČ et al. 2005, this study). Both adults and larvae feed on wood overgrown with
fungi. Sometimes, the beetles are attracted in great numbers to the sporocarps (see above
the record by HS from Wolibórz). Adults can be observed throughout the year in feeding
galleries or in places of concealment; the beetles are active from mid-May until the
beginning of August. According to the present data (Tab. 1), it prefers fir (28% of records)
and beech (23%).
DISCUSSION
Species of Trogossitidae, Lophocateridae, Peltidae and Thymalidae are associated with
forests and have various habitat preferences. Several species, like Calitys scabra,
Grynocharis oblonga, Peltis ferruginea, P. grossa and Thymalus limbatus are
mycophagous, while others, like Nemozoma caucasicum, N. elongatum, Temnoscheila
caerulea and Tenebroides mauritanicus are predators. Two species, Lophocateres pusillus
and occasionally also T. mauritanicus, have been recorded as pests of stored products.
The amount of data collected in the present paper allowed us to analyse the habitat
preferences of these beetles. Data on preferred trees were analysed for 290 records and
7 species (Tab. 1). The most ubiquitous species was G. oblonga, which was found on 22
genera of trees. Nemozoma caucasicum is strictly associated with ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
in Poland, although the number of available records was small. Both species of Peltis
preferred coniferous trees – spruces and firs. In contrast, Tenebroides mauritanicus and
Grynocharis oblonga were associated with deciduous trees. Two species – Nemozoma
elongatum and Thymalus limbatus – occurred on deciduous and coniferous trees with
similar frequencies. The most attractive trees for these beetles were fir (6 species), spruce
and oak (each with 5 species), and beech (4 species). Grynocharis oblonga occurred on
adventive species, like Aesculus hippocastanum, Philadelphus sp., Juglans regia, Platanus
orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, and on fruit trees. In most cases, it was the only
representative of the beetle families examined here on these tree taxa.
Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3)
264
Table 2. Observations of beetles in natural forests, managed forests, and anthropogenic
localities; based on original data (total number of localities analysed: 133). Abbreviations:
NP – number of localities in natural and protected forests, NM – number of localities in
managed forests, A – number of anthropogenic localities (avenues, parks), ∑ – sum.
Species
Nemozoma elongatum
Tenebroides mauritanicus*
Grynocharis oblonga
Peltis ferruginea
Peltis grossa
Thymalus limbatus
∑=
NP
8
7
17
30
13
12
86
NM
3
2
6
5
3
1
18
∑
12
22
38
35
16
13
133
A
1
13
15
0
0
0
29
* records from synanthropic localities have been omitted
Table 3. Species included in red lists in Central Europe. Abbreviations: PL – Poland
(PAWŁOWSKI et al. 2002/ROSSA 2004); Ge – Germany (GEISER 1998); IUCN – IUCN red
list, P/V – restricted to primeval/virgin forests; CR – critically endangered; EX? – probably
extinct, 1 – vom Aussterben bedroht (= CR); 2 – stark gefährdet (= EN); 3 – gefährdet (=
VU, vulnerable), LC – least concern, DD – data deficient.
Species
Calitys scabra
Grynocharis oblonga
Peltis ferruginea
Peltis grossa
Temnoscheila caerulea
Tenebroides mauritanicus
Thymalus limbatus
PL
CR/EX?
–
–
VU/EX?/–
–
Ge
1
2
2
1
–
2
3
IUCN
–
LC
LC
–
–
DD
LC
P/V
–
ECKELT et al. (2018)
KOLIBÁČ et al. (2005)
KOLIBÁČ et al. (2005)
–
BURAKOWSKI et al. (1986)
KOLIBÁČ et al. (2005)
Data on habitat preferences were analysed for 133 localities and 6 species (Tab. 2).
Synanthropic habitats, like stores and flats, were not included in the analysis. There were
only a small number of records from managed forests, quite possibly because of the greater
interest among entomologists in the exploration of natural forests and protected areas.
Despite this bias, we think that the results of this analysis are worth publishing. Forest
habitats were divided into three categories: natural forests, managed forests and
anthropogenic tree stands like avenues and parks. Grynocharis oblonga and Tenebroides
mauritanicus were observed in anthropogenic tree stands and in managed forests more
often than other species. Nemozoma elongatum was most frequently recorded in natural
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
265
forests, and only exceptionally in anthropogenic sites. The other three species – Peltis
ferruginea, P. grossa and Thymalus limbatus – were never collected in avenues or parks,
and only rarely collected in managed forests; they were usually recorded in natural forests,
often with large volumes of deadwood. Our results confirm the data published by KOLIBÁČ
et al. (2005) (Tab. 3), but do not justify treating either G. oblonga or Tenebroides
mauritanicus as relicts of primeval forests (BURAKOWSKI et al. 1986, ECKELT et al. 2018).
The occurrence of two of the species in question here – Calitys scabra and
Temnoscheila caerulea – has not been confirmed in Poland for over 100 years. Grynocharis
oblonga, Nemozoma elongatum and Tenebroides mauritanicus are relatively common.
Peltis ferruginea, P. grossa and Thymalus limbatus are more or less rare and larger
numbers of individuals are observed only occasionally. Nemozoma caucasicum is a very
interesting species, described in 1832 from the Caucasus, which has expanded its range in
recent decades, although it was recorded in France as early as in 1927.
Several species from these four families are included in red lists of endangered species
in Europe (GEISER 1998, PAWŁOWSKI et al. 2002, NIETO & ALEXANDER 2010). The
categories of threat on the Polish Red List (PAWŁOWSKI et al. 2002) appear to be correctly
assigned to these species, but we think that Peltis ferruginea and Thymalus limbatus should
be added to the list. The IUCN and German red lists (GEISER 1998) include two species that
are common in Poland, namely, Grynocharis oblonga and Tenebroides fuscus; this is
probably justified in view of the deteriorating conditions of habitats in western Europe.
Stenotopic species, like Calitys scabra, Peltis ferruginea, P. grossa, Temnoscheila caerulea
and Thymalus limbatus, can be used as indicator species of natural forests. While Calitys
scabra and Temnoscheila caerulea are probably extinct in Poland, other species, like Peltis
ferruginea, P. grossa and Thymalus limbatus, are quite often observed in natural forests.
All these species are relatively abundant in the Białowieża Forest, Świętokrzyskie Mts.,
Roztocze and Carpathians Mts. Numerous localities are protected in national parks and
nature reserves, but as a consequence of the intensification of forest management, we feel it
is reasonable to establish other areas protecting their populations. One such area is the
proposed Turnica National Park, which should protect one of the best-preserved mountain
forests in Poland (DEMBEK et al. 2014) and one of the most important areas for endangered
invertebrates (including Coleoptera) in central Europe (BUCHHOLZ & MELKE 2018).
The genus Thymalus LATREILLE, 1802 requires a systematic revision of specimens
collected throughout its range. The occurrence of Thymalus oblongus REITTER, 1889 in
Poland seems plausible, as the species has already been recorded in Scandinavia and the
European part of Russia (KOLIBÁČ 2007). In the authors’ opinion, however, the existing
literature does not permit certain identification of this species.
Ancyrona japonica REITTER, 1889, originally an Asian species, was introduced to
several European countries. It became acclimatised in Slovakia, Hungary, Czechia and
266
Polish Journal of Entomology 88 (3)
probably also in Bulgaria, as it has been regularly collected there since 1904 (KOLIBÁČ
2013). It is likely that the species is already present in Poland, as the known localities are
situated in neighbouring countries. The larval characters of Ancyrona are described in
KOLIBÁČ (2006), and KOLIBÁČ & ZAITSEV (2010), but especially in the case of the early
instars, identification may be doubtful or even impossible when using the existing keys
(KLAUSNITZER 1996). The morphology of immatures of Ancyrona REITTER, 1876 and
Grynocharis C.G. THOMSON, 1859 requires further study.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The data from the Przemyśl Foothills obtained in 2011-2016 come from the inventory
of saproxylic beetles carried out for the purposes of establishing the Turnica National Park
(the National Park of the Carpathian Foothills) and the planned “Carpathian Forest”
(“Puszcza Karpacka”) nature reserve. The project was implemented with financial support
from the “Natural Heritage” Foundation and the WWF Poland Foundation.
The data from the Bieszczady Mountains come from the inventory of saproxylic species
including indicators of natural forests within the Lutowiska and Stuposiany Forest District
(2013–2014) and from the Cisna and Komańcza Forest District (2015) in the Natura 2000
area PLC180001 Bieszczady. The project was financed by the Natural Heritage Foundation
(Fundacja Dziedzictwo Przyrodnicze) and the WWF Poland Foundation.
The information from the Magura NP (2014) comes from an inventory of beetles carried
out as a part of the work on the Protection of the Magura NP Fauna and the Protection Plan
for the “Ostoja Magurska” Natura 2000 site. The project was carried out for the Institute of
Nature Conservation, Kraków, and the Natural Heritage Foundation.
The materials from the environs of Pacław were collected by Tomasz OLBRYCHT in
2015–2016 within the framework of project No. DEC-2013/11/B/NZ9/00793, financed by
the National Centre of Science.
The data from the Pieniny NP (2017) come from the project: “Beetles (Coleoptera)
inhabiting fruiting bodies of fungi (Macromycetes) in the Pieniny National Park”, which
was co-financed from the forest fund.
We would like to thank Edward BARANIAK, Adam BOHDAN, Lech BOROWIEC, Lech
BUCHHOLZ, Tadeusz BZIUK, Piotr CHACHUŁA, Roland DOBOSZ, Paweł JAŁOSZYŃSKI,
Tomasz KOŚCIELNY, Wojciech KUBASIK, Krzysztof LUBECKI, Jerzy ŁUGOWOJ, Tomasz
MAJEWSKI, Tomasz NABIAŁKOWSKI, Radosław PLEWA, Stanisław SZAFRANIEC, Krzysztof
SUĆKO and Katarzyna ŻUK for making their collections available for the present study.
We thank Tomasz HUFLEJT and Przemysław SZYMROSZCZYK for allowing Marek
MIŁKOWSKI and Jan TATUR-DYTKOWSKI to study the collection of the Museum and
MIŁKOWSKI M. et al.: Trogossitidae s.l. (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) of Poland
267
Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences (Łomna-Las). Jan TATUR-DYTKOWSKI is
also grateful to Maria KOŚCIESZA and Monika MALCHER from the Library of the Museum
and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences (Warsaw), for their great support in
the search for historical literature. We extend our gratitude to Stephan BLANK and Lutz
BEHNE for their kind assistance during the visit of Rafał RUTA to the Senckenberg
Deutsches Entomologische Institut, Müncheberg, in December 2018.
Finally, we thank Paweł JAŁOSZYŃSKI for sharing information on the larval morphology
of Lophocateridae.
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Received: 26 March 2018
Accepted: 27 June 2019
Andrzej Melke