PERSOONIA Volume Notes on type T. 17, Part materials of A. Altés Universidad E-mail: A study macroscopic of the latter is species, very omous This that was them, but close to species. report is a SEM shows in this genus geographical some 28871 a to Alcala characters of utahense of the of these et al. of Tulostoma epithets type presented. is Henares, Madrid, Spain series of studies an attempt find species to on of the two Tulostoma macrosporum as an auton- provided. are type materials of species described resolve some taxonomic named with different synonymies, based principally (1999). problems. epithets on the study to a more species with their possible synonymy: Tulostoma macrosporum G. Cunn. Australia, and T. meridionaleJ.E. Wright (Wright very the USA. The author of the et similar in the Moreno et al. (1995) (1992, macroscopic genus), (Cunningham, based on clarfrom al., 1972) and T. utahense J.E.Wright two latter species already mentioned their was pro- several Mexican collections and literature. MATERIALS The studied type materials are to 1925) this great similarity and theirpossible synonymy (Wright, 1987). Later, synonymy posed by orna- realistic level. characteristics and spores greater than 6.5 pm diameter(exceptional (Wright, 1987) from already of the spore Moreno etal. (1993,1995), It is in various We thus believe it is feasible to reduce the number of specific In the present paper we compare the types of three ify of Tulostoma features to be maintained ornamentation spore materials The synonymy is now verified. ago, mentation under SEM, in other papers: Altes & Moreno 1995,1997),Altes de which increases very much their apparent number. We have areas, demonstrated Moreno enough differential photographs continuationof Alcala, some years in the genus Tulostoma Pers.: Pers. in relatively frequent de &G. (Tulostomataceae) T. utahense bvgmh@bioveg.alcala.es and T. proposed (1999) Tulostoma microscopic and T. meridionale macrosporum, 259-264 T. meridionale and macrosporum, Dpto. Biologfa Vegetal, 2, deposited AND METHOD in the State Herbarium of South Australia, Ade- laide, Australia (AD), the National Fungus Collections, Beltsville, Maryland, USA (BPI), and the New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA (NY). Photographs using scanning et 1 . al. electron microscopy (SEM) were made following Moreno (1995). Tulostoma macrosporum G. Cunn. Tulostoma macrosporum The holotype (Fig. 2); the G. Cunn., — Figs. Proc. Linn. Soc. New collection is made up of five stems are separated 1-4 and South Wales basidiocarps, fragmented in all the 50 two (1925) 252. of them united basidiocarps, laterally excepting one, 260 PERSOONIA Figs. 1-4. Tulostoma macrosporum, mouth and some separated stem; & 4 = more or 1 & 2). Mouth less ed in exoperidium; under shortly immature in the Endoperidium SEM. most cases tubular remaining persisting smooth when at — 2. 2, 1999 Detail of spore-sacs, Scale bars: Fig. a spore-sac with its two of them 1 7-9 = 2.5 mm; slightly tubular laterally united, and Fig. 2 = 5 mm; a Figs. 3 (the only complete Basidiospores under LM, spiny, but always narrower subhyaline, 8-12.5 pm diam., spines dense up to (Figs. two. 4-6.5 mm diam., deformed by Exoperidium membranous, the base and other one is not widened mostly 1 pm 3 & (Fig. x long; areas at the pale ferrugineous. developed), 4 diam. mm 9-9.5 pm, formed by of the spore-sac well to at the Stem 4). Capillitium thin 1). fragment- larger pieces 26 x 2 globose, yellowish-ochre, distinctly made up of filaments of ochraceous septa, up a (Fig. the base. under SEM the ornamentation is than the spores, 2-8 pm diam., thick-walled, broadened compres- 1), well developed in three spore-sacs and cream-coloured. Gleba exposed, cylindric, greyish brown, striate, spiny ally basidiospores encrusted with soil, layer Part holotype (AD 17278). 1. of the incompletely developed. Spore-sac (Figs. mm, 3 & 4. 17, 2 μm. which is sion adhering remains Vol. to a verrucose to diameter gener- frequently septate, branched, 11 pm diam. Exoperidium formed Altes & Moreno: Notes on by interwoven, relatively thick-walled, scantily diam., hardly broader filaments similar to the at capillitium, walled, branched, pale yellow, broader Collection branched, pale at studied. AUSTRALIA: New South 2-5 pm diam., the uncoloured Wales, Dubbo, leg. 261 Tulostoma and uncoloured septa. infrequent those of the of type materials yellow threads, Endoperidium 2-4 pm formed densely interwoven, septa, up to by thick- 6.5 pm diam. Cleland, 16-VII-1915,AD 17278, J. B. holotype. 2. Tulostoma meridionale J.E. Tulostoma meridionale J.E. Wright This collection consists of with fragmented stems Wright particles Gleba base of soil et al., 5-9 Ciencia (Mexico) five of them practically 7-14 117. complete and three diam., subglobose (Figs. 5-7). Mouth mm 7). Exoperidium persistent, 6& (1972) 27 very thinly membranous externally adhering (Fig. 7). Endoperidium smooth, cream-coloured. 1-2 x mm, greyish brown, widened 4 to mm diam. at the (Fig. 5). Basidiospores inal Wright (Fig. 5). Spore-sac Stem 7-22 ferrugineous. Figs. eight basidiocarps, circular, slightly projecting (Figs. with in — 6.5-8 pm diam., but description (Wright verrucose 8 & verrucae, or 7.6-9 which sometimes form groups fused 9). Capillitium line, broader of the 5.4—8(—12.6) x 6.7-8 pm diam. in the 1972), globose-subglobose, pale ochraceous, with a orig- clearly ornamentationunder LM; the ornamentation under SEM consists of big and well developed (Figs. al., et at the exoperidium Collection 2-6 pm diam., thick-walled, slightly studied. USA: ochraceous septa, up obscured were Wright Wright, The to the apices (pyramidal aspect) 9 pm diam. The microscopic features the presence of soil. Texas, Denton, leg. 3. Tulostoma utahense J.E. Tulostoma utahense J.E. by at frequently septate, branched, subhya- — W.H. Figs. genus Long, XII-1907, Herb. Lloyd (BPI), holotype. 53153 10-14 (Gasteromycetes), Tulostoma A world monograph (1987) 204. The type material consists of 10). Spore-sac 8-12 mm seven basidiocarps with their stems diam., deformed by compression (Figs. membranous slightly projecting (Figs. 10-12). Exoperidium thinly tact with the 2.5 at the base. mm its aspect Basidiospores 7-9 pm diam., verrucose under SEM, not of the very well mature averaging 8 pm, apices, consist of developed, gleba; these are or large verrucae the (Figs. hyaline, usually broadened collapsed or at the reasons 13 & slightly in con- and mixed with sand Stem fragmented, to 7 mm up diam. pale ochraceous, basidiospores usually appear collapsed covered with abundant remains from the disinte- why it is difficult to demonstrate clearly species. However, at the pm diam., thick-walled, branched, sub- ochraceous septa, up degenerated hyphae. the spore ornamentation 14) which sometimes form groups fused like those in T. meridionale. Capillitium 2-7 formed by hyphal globose-subglobose, ornamentationunder LM. The the type of ornamentationthat characterize this seems to is rather diam., greyish brown, but whitish where decorticated, increasing with notable gration outwardly Mouth circular, internally (where smooth, cream-coloured. Gleba ferrugineous. grains. Endoperidium to but endoperidium), quite fragmented (Fig. 10-12). to 10 pm diam. Exoperidium 262 PERSOONIA Figs. 5-9. Tulostoma sacs; 7. detail of 8 & 9. a Collection 17, Part 2, 1999 meridionale, holotype (Herb. Lloyd 53153, BPI). spore-sac basidiospores Vol. with under SEM. studied. USA: its — Utah, slightly Scale tubular mouth bars: Salt Lake Figs. City, 5 & 6 beaches and = 5 & 6. persistent 6 mm; above Fig. 7 Basidiocarps remains = of the 3 mm; City Creek, leg. Figs. and spore- exoperidium; 8 & 9 = A.O. Garret 2 μm. 2585 21-III-1920, NY, holotype. In our account opinion, T. meridionale has been Mexico meridionaleand of the absence of (Wright, significant reported only 1987; Moreno et T. utahense must be considered synonymous on differences between their type collections. Tulostoma al., from North America, 1995). definitely from the USA and Altes Figs. 10-14. spore-sac 11 = 5 Tulostoma with mm; its Fig. = tubular 2 mm; mouth; Figs. 13 & Tulostoma meridionale J.E. T. utahense J. E. Notes on utahense, holotype (NY). slightly 12 & Moreno: Wright, 13 & 14 = Wright 2 14. type 10 & materials 11. of Tulostoma Basidiocarps basidiospores 263 and spore-sacs; under SEM. — Scale 12. detail of bars: Figs. a 10 & μm. in Wright et al., Ciencia (Mexico) 27 (1972) The genus Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes), A world 117 = monograph (1987) 204. Though T. macrosporum is maintainedas an autonomous macroscopically species on account very similar to T. meridionale, it must be of the differences in size and ornamentation of its spores. Tulostoma macrosporum has been recorded, other than in Australia, in South Africa, California (doubtfully) (Wright, 1987), and Mexico (Guzman in xeric zones. et al., 1992), fruiting 264 PERSOONIA 17, Vol. 2, Part 1999 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thanks the Ministerio J.E. PB our express de Educacion Wright's laboratory 95-0129, Ministry. of the and Our thanks to the also curators macrosporum, of Tulostoma collections in Buenos Ciencia, Spain, y de of Alcala, for their assistance, and T. AD, for financial con BPI and NY for the loan utahense, respectively. This research Cooperation gratitude is additionally expressed University of the herbaria meridionale Aires, Argentina. Programa the T. assistance has been G.M. to make and to Mr. J.T. Palmer for Priego, revising type especially sojourn possible through sponsored by Iberoamerica to Mr. J. A. Perez and Mr. A. a of the in Dr. DGICYT the mentioned of the SEM Service the English text. REFERENCES Altes, A. & G. Moreno. Mycotaxon Altes, A. 48: & G. Bresad., 1993. Tulostoma beccarianum the correct name for T. simulans Lloyd. 223-227. Moreno. 1995. Tulostoma fimbriatum, the correct name for T. readerii. Mycotaxon 56: 421 —425. Altes, A., Res. G. Moreno & 1999. Notes Wright. J.E. Cunningham, Linn. Soc. Guzman, G., G.H. New L. 1925. Gasteromycetes South Wales Bot.28: the Montoya A. Altes & & V.M. Altes, A. J.E. Wright. C. Ochoa & Baja California, Mexico. Moreno, G., Wright, of Australasia. Bandala. species. Mycotaxon same Moreno, G., with and T. giovanellae. Mycol. II. A revision of the genus Tulostoma. Proc. en 1992. Adiciones Mexico y al description conocimiento de una nueva del genero especie. Tulostoma Bol. Soc. Argent. 113-121. Moreno, G., in Tulostoma volvulatum 50: 245-259. (Basidiomycotina, Gasteromycetes) are on 103: 91-98. I. 1992. Tulostoma 43: J.E. spores. J. E. 1987. The Mycol. genus Wright. Mycologia A. Altes, C. Ochoa & J.E. mixed Res. Tulostoma T. verrucosum and T. mussooriense 1995. Contribution to the study of the Tulostomataceae 87: 96-120. Wright. 101: squamosum, 61-68. 1997. Notes on type materials of Tulostoma. Some species 957-965. (Gasteromycetes). A world monograph. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stutt- gart. Wright, J.E., (Mexico) T. 27: Herrera & G. Guzman. 109-122. 1972. Estudios sobre el genero Tulostoma en Mexico. Ciencia