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| Insects of Britain and Ireland: the families of Lepidoptera |
Including Galleriadae, Galleriidae, Phycitidae, Pyraustidae, excluding Crambidae
Adults diurnal, or crepuscular, or nocturnal; relatively medium-bodied to long-bodied (but mostly long); relatively slender-bodied (wingspan more than 15 times the thoracic width) to medium built (wingspan more than 8 and less than 15 times the thoracic width). The abdomen conspicuously patterned (rarely, e.g. E. hortulata with black-and-yellow banding), or plain. Adults wings in repose spread flat with their lower surfaces more or less appressed to the substrate.
Antennae of medium length to long; extending to about 0.6–0.9 times the length of the forewing. Antennae of males finely bipectinate, or dentate, or simple; non-ciliate (rather rarely), or simply-ciliate (often only minutely), or fasciculate-ciliate. Ocelli present, or absent. Chaetosemata present, or absent. Maxillary palps well developed; 2–3 segmented (rarely), or 4 segmented; not folded. Labial palps porrect, or ascending; 3 segmented. Proboscis fully developed, or absent (e.g., Anerastiinae); when developed, scaly towards the base.
Wingspan 13–40 mm; (8.5–)10–19 times the thoracic width. Wings entire. Forewings narrow to broad; (1.9–)2–3.2 times as long as wide. Tornus clearly defined. The outer and hind margins angled at (90–)110–140 degrees. The outer margin convexly curved (mostly), or more or less straight, or concavely curved (rarely); forewings apically blunt to pointed. Hindwings ovate-lanceolate to broadly rounded (occasionally sinuate); similar in breadth to the forewings; with a rounded apex; the upper surfaces conspicuously patterned above (sometimes brightly and very conspicuously so), or plain; with a discal spot and with transverse lines, or with neither discal spot nor transverse lines (the discal spot and/or lines often more or less ‘obsolete’); with a frenulum.
Neuration of forewings and hindwings dissimilar. Forewings 10–12 veined, or 13 veined (veins 7 or 7 and 9 absent in Phycitinae, 10 in some Galleriinae); with 1 anal vein, or with 2 anal veins, or with 3 anal veins (and often with one or more vestiges in addition to the tubular veins). The anal veins of the forewings representing 1b only, or comprising 1b and 1c, or comprising 1a and 1b, or comprising 1a, 1b and 1c (e.g., Achroia). Forewings exhibiting a tubular vein 1c (e.g., this complete distally in Achroia and Oncocera), or lacking a tubular vein 1c. Vein 1b of the forewings furcate proximally to simple. Forewings with a discal cell, or without a discal cell (e.g., Achroia). The transverse vein complete to vestigial only (lacking between veins 5 and 7 or 8 in Schoenobius). Discal cell of the forewings without a tubular media (M) vein. Hindwings 9 veined, or 10 veined; with 3 anal veins. The anal veins of the hindwings comprising 1a, 1b and 1c. Hindwings exhibiting vein 1a; exhibiting a tubular vein 1c. Vein 1b of the hindwings simple. Hindwings with a discal cell, or without a discal cell (e.g., in Galleriinae). The transverse vein variously complete to incomplete, or lacking (lacking altogether in Galleriinae). The hindwing cell bearing a pecten of hairs on its cubital margin (towards its base: Galleriinae, Anerastiinae, Phycitinae), or without a cubital pecten of hairs (Pyrasustinae, Pyralinae, Schoenobiinae, Endotrichinae); emitting more than six veins, or emitting no more than six veins. 4 veins arising from the hindwing cell, or 6 veins arising from the hindwing cell, or 7 veins arising from the hindwing cell (5 present or absent). The cell-derived hindwing veins 3+4 proximally joined, or 4+5 proximally joined, or 6+7 proximally joined, or 7+8 proximally joined (in various combinations). Vein 8 of the hindwings completely independent of the cell (approximating to it only); approximating to vein 7 beyond the cell (or anastomosing), or not approximating to vein 7 (or vein 7 absent).
Fore-legs with a tibial epiphysis. Tibiae of middle legs 2-spurred. Posterior tibiae 4-spurred.
Tympanal organs present; abdominal.
Eggs, larvae and pupae. Eggs not flattened; smooth or minutely pitted to ribbed and/or reticulate. Larval prolegs 10. Larvae exposed feeders, or concealed feeders (often on dry or decaying plant material); feeding in communal tents, or not feeding in communal tents. Some (Galleriinae) feeding on wax and detritus in nests of bees and wasps; many on seeds, dried plant and animal material, refuse, etc., others on or in diverse living plants.
Pupae concealed; above the ground. Empty pupae not becoming protruded.
British representation. Genera about 85 (12 adventive only); about 160 species. E.g., Acentria ephemerella (False-caddis, Water-veneer), Aglossa pinguinalis (Large Tabby), Cynaeda dentalis (Starry Brindle, Starry Brindled Pearl), Dolicharthria punctalis (Long-legged China-mark), Parapoynx stratiotata (Ringed China-mark), Pyralis pictalis (Painted Meal Moth), Pyrausta cingulata (Silver-barred Sable)).
Classification. Microlepidoptera. Suborder Ditrysia. Superfamily Pyraloidea.
Illustrations. • Endotrichea (Pyralinae), with Anania, Eurrhypara, Pyrausta and Udea (Pyraustinae): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE: 1, Pyrausta sanguinalis; 2, Pyrausta despicata; 3, Pyrausta cingulata; 4, Pyrausta nigrata. 5, Anania funebris. 6, Agroptera nemoralis. 8, Eurrhypara hortulata (Small Magpie). 9, Udea alpinis; 10, Udea lutealis; 11, Udea olivalis; 12, Udea prunalis. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 7, Endotricha flammealis. Leech, 1886. • Odontiinae, Pyralinae and Pyraustinae, with Hypeninae: Leech, 1886. NOCTUIDAE. 1, Herminia grisealis (Small Fan-foot). 2, Macrochilo cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot). 3, Laspeyria flexula (Beautiful Hook-tip). PYRALIDAE-ODONTIINAE. 4, Cynaeda dentalis. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 5, Hypsopygia costalis (Gold Triangle). 6, Pyralis farinalis (Meal Moth). 7, Orthopygia glaucinalis. 8, Aglossa pinguinalis (Large Tabby); 9, Aglossa caprealis (Small Tabby). 10, Synaphe punctalis. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 11, Pyrausta aurata; 12, Pyrausta purpuralis; 13, Pyrausta ostrinalis. Leech, 1886. • Pyraustinae (Algedonia, Ebulea, Mecyna, Opsibotys, Ostrinia, Paratalanta, Pleuroptya): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 1, Udea ferruginalis (Rusty-dot Pearl); 2, Udea decrepitalis. 3, Uresiphyta polygonalis. 4, Ostrinia nubilalis (European Corn-borer). 5, Paratalanta pandalis. 6, Mecyna flavalis flaviculalis. 7, Paratalanta hyalinalis. 8, Pleuroptya ruralis (Mother of Pearl). 9, Opsibotys fuscalis. 10, Algedonia terrealis. 11, Ebulea crocealis. Leech, 1886. • Evergestis spp. (Evergestinae), with Anania, Loxostege, Palpita, Perinephela, Phlyctaenia, Psammotis, Sitochroa (Pyraustinae): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 1, Anania verbascalis. 2, Phlyctaenia coronata; 3, Phlyctaenia stachydalis. 4, Loxostege sticticalis. 5, Sitochroa palealis; 6, Sitochroa verticalis. 7, Psammotis pulveralis. 11, Perinephela lancealis. 12, Palpita vitrealis. PYRALIDAE- EVERGESTINAE. 8, Evergestis forficalis (Garden Pebble); 9, Evergestis extimalis; 10, Evergestis pallidata. Leech, 1886. • Pyraustinae (Antigastra, Diasemia, Diasemiopsis, Dolicharthria and Nascia, and Nymphulinae (Acentria, Cataclysta, Elophila, Nymphula and Paraponyx: Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 1, Diasemia reticularis. 2, Diasemiopsis ramburialis. 3, Antigastra catalaunalis. 4, Nascia cilialis. 5, Dolicharthria punctalis. PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE. 6, Cataclysta lemnata (Small China-mark, female and male). 7, Paraponyx stratiotata (Ringed China-mark, male and female). 8, Elophila nymphaeata (Brown China-mark). 9, Nymphula stagnata (Beautiful China-mark). 10, Acentria ephemerella (Water Veneer). Leech, 1886). • Galleriinae (Phycitodes binaevella and P. maritima), with Phycitinae (Cryptoblabes, Ephestia, Euzophera, Gymnacyla, Ortholepis and Plodia): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 1, Phycitodes binaevella; 2, Phycitodes (Rotruda) maritima. PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 3 and 7, Ephestia elutella (Cacao Moth); 4, Ephestia (Cadra) cautella; 5, Ephestia calidella; 6, Ephestia figulilella (Raisin Moth). 8, Euzophera pinguis; 9, Euzophera cinerosella. 10, Cryptoblabes bistriga. 11, Plodia interpunctella (Indian Meal Moth). 12, Nephopteryx angustella. 13, Gymnacyla canella. 14, Ortholepis betulae. Leech, 1886. • Phycitinae (Acrobasis, Conobathra, Dioryctria, Pempelia, Pempeliella, Phycita, Pyla, Trachycera): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 1, Pyla fusca. 2, Pempeliella dilutella; 3, Pempeliella subornatella; 4, Pempeliella ornatella. 5, Dioryctria abietella. 6, Phycita roborella. 7 and 12, Trachycera advenella. 8, Pempelia genistella; 9, Pempelia palumbella; 10, Pempelia formosa. 11, Acrobasis consociella. 13, Trachycera marmorea; 14, Trachycera suavella. 15, Conobathra repandana; 16, Conobathra tumidana. Leech, 1886. • Galleriinae (Achroia, Aphomia, Corcyra and Galleria), with Hyphochalcia (Phycitinae) and Hypena obsitalis (Noctuidae): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-PHYCINAE. 1, Hyphochalcia ahenella. PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 2, Galleria mellonella (Wax Moth). 3, Aphomia sociella (Bee Moth). 4, Aphomia (Melissoblaptes) zelleri. 5, Corcyra cephalonica (Rice Moth). 6, Achroia grisella (Lesser Wax Moth). NOCTUIDAE-RIVULINAE. 7, Hypena obsitalis (Bloxworth Snout). Leech, 1886. • Scopariinae (Eudonia truncicolella and 6 Scoparia species): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-SCOPARIINAE. 1, Scoparia subfusca; 2, S. subfusca var. zelleri; 3, S. subfusca var. scotica. 4, Scoparia basistrigalis; 5, Scoparia ambigualis; 6, S. ambigualis var. atomalis. 7 and 8, Scoparia ulmella, = S. ancipitella. 9, Scoparia pyralella; 10, S. pyralella var. ingratella. 11, Eudonia truncicolella. Leech, 1886. • Scopariinae (Dipleurina lacustrata and 9 species of Eudonia): Leech, 1886. PYRALIDAE-SCOPARIINAE. 1, Eudonia murana; 2, E. delunella; 3 and 5, Eudonia mercurella. 4, Dipleurina lacustrata. 6, Eudonia lineolea; 7, Eudonia angustea; 8, Eudonia alpina, male and female. 9, Eudonia pallida. Leech, 1886. • Donacaula forficella and Schoenobius gigantella, with mainland-European S. consortella and Scirpophaga praelatella: Hübner (1796). Current names for Hübner’s illustrations of Pyralidae-Schoenobiinae (1796–1813). 53, Schoenobius gigantella; 56, Scirpophaga praelatella; 220, Schoenobius consortella; 296, Donacaula forficella. • Hubner’s Scopariinae: 1796–1833. PYRALIDAE-SCOPARIINAE. 49, Scoparia pyralella (dubitalis Hübner); 146, Scoparia ochrealis, = ?; 207, Scoparia pyralella (dubitalis (Hübner); 167, Scoparia pyralella; 231, Dipleurina lacustrata (crataegella Hübner). Compiled from Hübner’s plates (volumes VI and VIII)- see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Nymphulinae (1796). PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE illustrated in Hübner's Lepidoptera VI (1796). Current names: 82, cf. Nymphula nymphaeata; 83 and 84, cf. Cataclysta lemnata; 85, Elophila nymphaeata; 87, Paraponyx stratiotata. 222, Acentria sembris (Hübner), cf. A. ephemerella. See accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Evergestinae, 1797–1832. PYRALIDAE-EVERGESTINAE: current names. 46, Evergestis aenealis; 48, Evergestis extimalis; 50, Evergestis sophialis; 53, Evergestis furvalis Hübner, = ?; 55, Evergestis erucalis Hubner, = ?; 58, Evergestis forficalis; 61, Evergestis politalis; 62, Evergestis pallidata (elutalis Hübner); 120, Evergestis rufimitralis, = ?. 135, Orenaia alpestralis. 136, Evergestis politalis; 171, Evergestis desertalis (Hübner); 183, Evergestis politalis. 190–200, Metaxmeste rupicolalis Hübner, = ?. Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Odontiinae, 1796–1823. PYRALIDAE-ODINTIINAE: current names. 25, Cynaeda dentalis; 29, Eurrhypis pollinalis; 41, cf. Titanio normalis (Hübner); 42, Metaxmeste phrygialis (Hübner); 92, Pelaea ramalis (Hübner); 110, Titanio normalis (Hübner); 112, holosericalis, = ? (cf. Metaxmeste sp.); 126, Tegostoma comparalis (Hübner); 139, Metaxmeste rupicolalis (Hübner), = ?; 142, Aporodes floralis (Hübner); 173–174, Eurrhypis sartalis (Hübner); 180, Titanio comitalis (Hübner); 191–192, Epascestria pustulalis (Hübner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Glaphyriinae: Hellula undalis (Hübner, 1796). • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (1), 1796. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (1): current names. 26, Pyrausta nigralis (Hübner), = ?; 27, Anania funebris (atralis); 28, cf. Diaphania hyalinata (marginalis); 30, Pyrausta cingulata (cingulalis); 31, cf. Spoladea recurvalis (fascialis); 32, Pyrausta nigrata (anguinalis (Hübner); 33, Pyrausta sanguinalis; 34, Pyrausta aurata (punicealis); 35, Pyrausta purpuralis; 36, Pyrausta porphyralis; 37, Pyrausta coccinalis (Hübner), = ?; 39, Pyrausta despicata (cespitalis); 40, Pyrausta despicata (sordidalis Hübner); 41, cf. Titanio normalis (Hübner); 42, Metaxmeste phrygialis (Hübner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (2), 1796. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (2): current names. 44, Pyrausta aerealis (Hubner); 45, Opsibotys fuscalis; 47, Mimudea ochrealis (Hübner), = ?; 51, Udea nebulalis (Hübner); 54, Udea ferrugalis (Hübner); 57, Pleuroptya ruralis (verticalis); 59, Anania verbascalis; 60, Epipagis huronalis (fenestralis Hubner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (3), 1796. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (3). 68, Mecyna trinalis; 69, Mecyna flavalis; 70, Sitochroa palealis; 71, Ebulea crocealis (Hübner); 72–73, Uresiphita limbalis; 74, Paratalanta hyalinalis (Hübner); 75, Anania funebris (guttalis); 76, Ostrinia quadripunctalis; 77, Udea leucophaealis (Hübner), = ?; 78, Eurhypara hortulata (urticalis); 79, Ecpyrrhorrhoe rubiginalis (Hübner); 80, Anania verbascalis (arcualis Hübner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (4), 1796. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (4): current names. 81, Phlyctaenia coronata (sambucalis); 86, Diasemia reticularis (literalis); 88, Algedonia luctualis (Hübner); 89, Udea numeralis (Hübner); 90, Achyra nudalis (Hübner); 94, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner); 98, Diaphania nitidalis; 100, Agrotera nemoralis; 101, Hymenia perspectalis (Hübner); 102, Uresiphita diversalis (Hübner), = ?; 103, Desmia funeralis (Hübner); 106, Pyrausta rubricalis (Hübner); 108, Palpita lucernalis (Hübner); 109, Psammotis pulveralis (Hübner); 113, Pyrausta ostrinalis (Hübner); 114, Nomophila noctuella (hybridalis Hübner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (5), 1796. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (5): current names. 115, Paracorsia pallidalis (Hübner), = ?; 116, Ostrinia silacealis (Hübner), = O. nubialis (Hübner); 117, cf. Perinephela lancealis (glabralis); 118, Mimudea albidalis (Hübner), = ? (cf. Pyrausta); 119, Nascia cilialis (Hübner); 121, Uresiphita rusticalis (Hübner), = ?; 123, Synaphe bombycalis; 124, Synaphe punctalis (angustalis); 127, cf. Orthopygia glaucinalis; 128, Achyra nudalis (interpunctalis Hübner); 129 and 131, Ostrinia palustralis (Hübner); 132, Palpita unionalis (Hübner); 133, Loxostege aeruginalis (Hübner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (6), 1796–1819. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (6): current names. 140, Dolicharthria punctalis; 141, Udea prunalis (nivealis); 143, Eurrhypara perlucidalis (Hübner); 145, Udea lutealis (Hübner); 156, Loxostege scutalis (Hübner); 162, cf. Udea olivalis; 168, Loxostege clathralis (Hübner); 169–170, Pyrausta opacalis (Hübner), = ?; 175–176, Udea alpinalis; 177, Sitochroa selenalis (Hübner), = ?; 178, Pyrausta haematalis (Hübner), = ?; 182, Udea institalis; 184, Nomophila noctuella (hybridalis Hübner). Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyraustinae (7), 1819–1833. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE (7): current names. 185, Mecyna asinalis (Hübner); 187–180, Metasia suppandalis (Hübner); 195–197, Loxostege manualis (Geyer in Hübner); 204–205, Uresiphita polygonalis. Compiled from plates of Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Pyralinae, 1796–1813. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE: current names. 20, Synaphe bombycalis; 21, Synaphe punctalis; 24, Aglossa pinguinalis; 91, Synaphe connectalis, = ?; 95, Pyralis farinalis; 96, Herculia rubidalis; 97, cf. Hypsopygia costalis (fimbrialis); 99, Endotricha flammealis; 105, cf. Pyralis regalis; 137, Hypotia corticalis; 153, Aglossa caprealis (Hübner); 155, Hypotia corticalis; 158, Synaphe sp. (netricalis). Compiled from Hübner, Volume VI - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Galleriinae, 1796–1803. PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE: current names. 22, Aphomia sociella (tribunella); 23, cf. Aphommia sociella (colonella); 24, Aphomia sociella; 25, Galleria mellonella; 91, Achroia grisella (cinereola Hubner). Compiled from Hübner, Volumes III and VIII - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Phycitinae (1), 1796–1823. PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE (1). 34, convolutella Hübner, = Zophodia grossulariella (Hübner); 35, Hypochalcia lignella (Hubner); 41, Hypochalcia aeneella (Hubner); 42, cf. Eucarphia vinetella; 64, Selagia argyrella; 65, Oncocera sanguinella (Hübner); 66, Oncocera semirubella (carnella); 67, Myelois circumvoluta (cribrella Hübner) 68, Nephopteryx angustella (Hübner); 69, Pempeliella dilutella; 70, Pempelia palumbella; 157, cf. Homoesoma nebulella; 163, Ephestia elutella (Hübner); 215, Acrobasis obtusella (Hübner); 225, labelled spadicella, = ? (surely not conspecific with 226!); 226, Selagia spadicella (Hübner); 238, “lobella” = Anerastia lotella (Hübner); 241, cf. Myelois tetricella; 254, Epischnia prodromella (Hübner); 301, Hypochalcia decorella (Hübner); 310, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). Compiled from Hübner, Volume VIII - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Phycitinae (2), 1796–1836. PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE (2): current names. 328, Acrobasis consociella (Hübner); 274–275, Selagia janthinella (Hübner), = ?; 334, Anerastia lotella (Hübner); 340, Catastia auriciliella (Hübner), = ?; 383, Phycitodes binaevella (Hübner); 451, Nyctegretis achatinella (Hübner); 466–468, cf. Hypochalcia germarella (Duponchel); 472, Rhodophaea dibaphiella (Hübner), = ? (cf. Pempelia). Compiled from Hübner, Volume VIII - see accompanying document for details. • Hübner’s Phycitinae (3), 1796. PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE (3): current names. 71, Rhodophaea legatella (Hübner), = ?; 72, Oncocera palumbella (contubernella Hübner); 73, Conobathra tumidana (verrucella Hübner); 74, Dioryctria abietella (decuriella Hübner); 75, Phycita roborella (spisicella, = spissicella); 76, Trachonitis cristella (Hübner); 77, Pempelia criptella (Hübner), = ?. Compiled from Hübner, Volume VIII - see accompanying document for details. • Endotricha flammealis (specimens): photo. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. Endotricha flammealis. 24/7/56, Holme Fen, Hunts. L. Watson. • Eurrhypara hortulata (Small Magpie - specimens): photo. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. Eurrhypara hortulata. June 1950, Leek, Staffs (nettle bed). L. Watson. • Pyrausta aurata (specimens): photo. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. Pyausta aurata. 30/5/54, Dovedale, R.G. Warren/L. Watson. • Pyrausta purpuralis (specimens): photo. PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. Pyrausta purpuralis. 27/7/56, Bedford Purlieus, near Peterborough. L. Watson. • Pyralis farinalis (Meal Moth - specimens): photo. PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. Pyralis farinalis. August 1956, Woodwalton Fen, Hunts. L. Watson. • Assorted Pyraloidea: Kirby. CRAMBIDAE. 23, Agriphila selasella (Pale-streaked Veneer); 24, Catoptria pinella (Pearl Veneer). PYRALIDAE-ODONTINAE. 1, Cynaeda dentalis (Starry Brindle). PYRALIDAE-PYRALINAE. 2, Pyralis farinalis (Meal Moth); 3, Aglossa pinguinalis (Tabby). PYRALIDAE-PYRAUSTINAE. 6, Pyrausta purpuralis (Crimson and Gold Moth); 7, Pyrausta sanguinalis (Scarce Crimson and Gold); 8, Pyrausta nigrata (Wavy-barred Sable); 9, Anamia funebris (White Spot); 10, Agrotera nemoralis (Rare Rosy-flounced Moth); 13, Palpita unionalis; 14, Mecyna flavalis (Gold China Mark); 15, Microstega hyalinalis (Scarce Pearl); 16, Pleuropta ruralis (Mother-of-pearl Moth); 17, Eurrhapara hortulata (Small Magpie); 18, Eurrhapara coronata (Garden China Mark); 20, Uresiphita limbalis. PYRALIDAE- SCOPARIINAE. 21, Scoparia arundinata (Hoary Grey). PYRALIDAE- SCHOENOBIINAE. 22. Schoenobius gigantella (Giant Veneer). PYRALIDAE-GALLERIINAE. 27, Galleria melonella (Honeycombe moth). PYRALIDAE-NYMPHULINAE. 11, Cataclysta lemnata (Small China Mark); 12, Nymphula nymphaeata (Beautiful China Mark). PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. 26, Oncocera semirubella (Rosy Veneer). PTEROPHORIDAE. 28, Emmelina monodactyla (Common Plume); 29, Leioptilus carphodactyla (Citron Plume); 30, Pterophorus pentadactyla (White Plume). ALUCITIDAE. 31, Alucita hexadactyla (Twenty-plume Moth). TORTICOIDEA (q.v.). 32–35. MAINLAND-EUROPEAN species. 4, Eurrhypis pollinalis (Crambidae); 5, Metaxmeste phrygialis (Crambidae); 19, Loxostege aeruginalis (Crambidae); 25, "Myelophila cribrum", = ?. From Kirby (1907, Plate 54, with names updated. • Acentria ephemerella (~Acentropus Curtis. False-caddis, Water-veneer: B. Ent. 497). • Acentria ephemerella (B. Ent. 497, legend+text). The original description of this remarkably trichopteroid lepidopteran is interesting for the taxonomic argument, couched in quite modern cladistic terms, which led Curtis to assign it to the Trichoptera. In the absence of information on the larval stage, the error is understandable. • Acentria ephemerellaa (B. Ent. 497, text cont.). • Aglossa pinguinalis (Mendip Tabby: B. Ent. 455). • Aglossa pinguinalis (legend+text: B. Ent. 455). • Aglossa pinguinalis (text. cont.: B. Ent. 455). • Galleria mellonella (Honeycomb Moth): B. Ent. 587. • Galleria mellonella: B. Ent. 587, legend+text. • Galleria mellonella: B. Ent. 587, text cont.. • Pyralis pictalis (Curtis): Painted Meal Tabby. B. Ent. 503. • Pyralis pictalis (B. Ent. 503, legend+text). • Pyralis pictalis (B. Ent. 503, text cont.). • Donacaula (Schoenobius) forficella (Lance-winged Veneer): B. Ent. 727. • Donacaula (Schoenobius) forficella: B. Ent. 727, legend+text. • Donacaula (Schoenobius) forficella: B. Ent. 727, text cont.. • Eudonea murana (Curtis): Scotch Gray, Wall Grey. B. Ent. 170. • Eudonea murana (B. Ent. 170, legend+text. • Eudonea murana (B. Ent. 170, text cont.. • Parapoynx stratiotata (Ringed China-mark: B. Ent. 495). • Parapoynx stratiotata: B. Ent. 495, legend+text. • Parapoynx stratiotata: B. Ent. 495, text cont.. • Nascia cilialis (Original generic decription. Orange-rayed Pearl: B. Ent. 559). • Nascia cilialis (B. Ent. 559, legend+text). • Nascia cilialis (B. Ent. 559, text cont.). • Cynaeda dentalis (Starry Brindle, Starry Brindled Pearl: B. Ent. 563). • Cynaeda dentalis: B. Ent. 563, legend+text. • Cynaeda dentalis: B. Ent. 563, text cont.. • Cynaeda dentalis: Stephens IV, 1834. • Pyrausta cingulata (Silver-barred Sable: B. Ent. 128). • Pyrausta cingulata: B. Ent. 128, legend+text. • Dolicharthria punctalis (Long-legged China-mark: B. Ent. 312). • Dolicharthria punctalis: B. Ent. 312, legend+text. • Dolicharthria punctalis: B. Ent. 312, text cont.. • Dolicharthria punctalis (detail: B. Ent. 312). • Dolicharthria punctalis (legend+text: B. Ent. 312). • Euzophera pinguis (Tabby Knot-horn: B. Ent. 233). • Euzophera pinguis: B. Ent. 233, legend+text. • Euzophera pinguis: B. Ent. 233, text cont.. • Pyralinae (4 genera). • Endotrichinae, Evergestiinae, Odontiinae. • Scopariinae (Eudonia, Scoparia). • Pyraustinae (several genera). • Oncocera semirubella (Phycitinae, specimens): photo. PYRALIDAE-PHYCITINAE. Oncocera semirubella. 19/7/57, Swanage, L. Watson. • Phycitinae: neuration (Ephestia elutella). • Pyralinae: neuration (Endotricha flammealis). • Galleriinae: Galleria mellonella. • neuration: Phycitinae, Galleriinae, Pyraustinae, Pyralinae.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. Insects of Britain and Ireland: the families of Lepidoptera. Version: 14th April 2022. delta-intkey.com’.
