Catchweed Bedstraw (Vascular Plants of Lost Cove Farm)

Catchweed Bedstraw

Galium aparine

Summary ⁵

Cleavers(Galium aparine) are herbaceous annual plants of the family Rubiaceae, which are native to North America and Eurasia.

Associations ⁶

Foodplant / miner
larva of Aulagromyza anteposita mines stem of Galium aparine
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / miner
larva of Aulagromyza orphana mines stem of Galium aparine
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / gall
Eriophyes galii causes gall of leaf of Galium aparine

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Halidamia affinis grazes on leaf of Galium aparine

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, scattered on in small groups, thinly subiculate perithecium of Hydropisphaera arenula is saprobic on dead stem of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Legnotus limbosus sucks sap of Galium aparine
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria galiorum is saprobic on dead stem of Galium aparine

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria scitula is saprobic on dead stem of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: 3

Plant / resting place / on
female of Melanthrips ficalbii may be found on live flower of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: 5-8

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Neoerysiphe galii parasitises live Galium aparine

Foodplant / parasite
sporangium of Peronospora aparines parasitises live plant of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: Spring, Autumn

Foodplant / saprobe
thinly scattered, immersed soon erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis elliptica is saprobic on dead stem of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / feeds on
subepidermal, elongate stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph of Placosphaeria galii feeds on stem of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: 7-8

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Puccinia difformis parasitises live leaf of Galium aparine

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous telium of Puccinia punctata parasitises live leaf of Galium aparine
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium of Pyrenopeziza galii is saprobic on dead stem of Galium aparine

Foodplant / saprobe
minute, scattered, punctiform, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria galiorum is saprobic on dead stem of Galium aparine
Remarks: season: 6

Broad scale impacts of plant response to fire ⁷

More info for the terms: cover, density, duff, fire frequency, fire severity, forb, forbs, frequency, litter, restoration, severity, shrub, tree, wildfire

Single fires:
Stickywilly is typically
present in postfire communities. Coverage, frequency, and/or density are often
reduced immediately following fire; however, stickywilly's reduction or absence
postfire is likely short lived.

Coniferous forests:
The following studies
indicate that stickywilly is often absent from the 1st postfire year conifer communities. Several fires burned in 2 northeastern
Oregon forests
(Douglas-fir and subalpine fir) where stickywilly occurs. Moderately severe fires partially consumed the litter and woody
debris, blackened shrub stems, and charred and
partially burned tree trunks. Severe fires deeply charred tree trunks, consumed
most branches, consumed litter and duff, and left a white ash layer.
Stickywilly coverage in the 5th postfire year surpassed prefire coverages
in moderate and severe burns.
Pre- and postfire percent coverages for stickywilly are provided below [66]:
Vegetation associationprefirepostfire year 1postfire year 5prefirepostfire year 1postfire year 5Douglas-fire/ninebark

moderate burn (n=4)

severe burn (n=2)

118102Subalpine fir/menziesia (Menziesia
ferruginea)

partial burn (n=2)

severe burn (n=2)

00500no data
A study of different-aged burns in western hemlock-Douglas-fir forests in the
Olympic Mountains of Washington revealed stickywilly's preference for recently
disturbed forests. The author described past fires as "catastrophic," but no additional information
regarding fire season or severity was given. The percent frequency of stickywilly
is shown below [64]:
Time since fire (years)2319110515Percent frequency0.040.190.1000
Deciduous forests:
Reestablishment of stickywilly
following fires in deciduous woodlands is quick. In a red alder
woodland in the Oregon Coast Range, sites were clearcut in early
spring (March-April), treated with herbicide in June, and burned in early
August. The prefire frequency of stickywilly was 15%. Two months following
treatments
frequency of stickywilly was 0%, and 4 months later stickywilly frequency was
1% [122].
"Moderately disturbed" upland slippery
elm-dominated forests of northern Illinois burned during the 1992 dormant and
growing seasons. The dormant season fire burned in March when
temperatures averaged 62 Â°F (16.7 Â°C), relative humidity was 70%, and the 8 days prior received no precipitation.
Approximately 75%
to 80% of the unit burned,
flame heights measured between 5.9 and 39.4 inches (15-100 cm), and fire spread was 1.3 m/minute. The growing
season fire burned in May when temperatures averaged 78 Â°F (25.6 Â°C), relative
humidity was 29%, and the 9 days prior received no precipitation. Approximately
75%-80% of the unit burned, flame heights were between 4 and 29.5 inches (10-75 cm), and fire spread was 1.7
m/minute. The density of stickywilly decreased on all burned and unburned sites in
1992 and 1993. Stickywilly had not recovered on either burned site by the 3rd
postfire year. The prefire and postfire stem densities (per mÂ²) of
stickywilly on dormant season burns, growing season burns, and unburned plots are
provided below [127].
Fire seasondormant (March)growing (May)unburnedYear1991
(prefire)1992199319941991 (prefire)1992199319941991 (prefire)199219931994Stickywilly stem density (per mÂ²)4.60.11.20.88.40.20.72.78.41.42.09.6
Shrublands/grasslands:
In shrubland and
grassland fires, stickywilly was commonly present in the 1st postfire community.
Following a July wildfire in the chaparral riparian zone of Ventura County,
California, stickywilly was present 1, 2, and 3 years following fire [26]. In west-central Utah, a fire burned
big sagebrush and Colorado pinyon-Utah juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus
osteosperma)
ecosystems. Stickywilly occurred on 2 plots in the 1st postfire season but was
not encountered in the 2nd or 3rd postfire years. The frequency of stickywilly on nearby unburned sites was 0 for
all 3
years of postfire sampling [109]. A late July fire in southern California's foothill chaparral vegetation produced
surface temperatures of 670 Â°F
(354 Â°C) and soil
temperatures of 156 Â°F (69 Â°C) 2 inches (5 cm) below the soil surface. In the preburn
community, stickywilly occupied 11 mÂ²; in the 1st year postfire
stickywilly occupied 32 mÂ². Researchers
indicate that annual forbs were replaced by increasingly dense grasses in the
2nd, 3rd, and 4th postfire years [84].
An "intense wildfire" burned Gambel oak and big
sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass communities in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah in
August of 1990. Coverage and frequency of stickywilly were greater on burned
sites compared to unburned areas. The coverage and frequency (percent of
quadrats in which species occurred) of stickywilly on burned and unburned plots
is given below [114]:
Community typeGambel oakbig sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrassBurn statusunburnedburnedunburnedburnedFrequency (%)4.524.611.824.3Cover (%)0.020.520.210.69
In northeastern Oregon, fires burned in 2 grazing exclosures (1 excluding
livestock and game animals, 1 excluding just livestock) within a common
snowberry-rose (Rosa spp.) community. The fire was moderately severe: it consumed the litter
and woody debris, blackened shrub stems, and charred and partially burned tree
trunks. Stickywilly coverage in the 5th postfire year surpassed prefire
coverages in both exclosures. Prefire and postfire percent coverage for
stickywilly is provided below [66]:
Burn severity

moderate burn/no game or livestock postfire disturbance
(n=1)

moderate burn/no livestock postfire disturbance (n=1)

Time since fireprefire1 year 5 yrs prefire1 year 5 yrs Cover (%) 331200trace
While stickywilly is common in the 1st postfire year in shrub or grassland communities, some
studies did not detect stickywilly the 1st season following
fire. Following a November, 1994 fire in southern California's chaparral vegetation,
stickywilly was not present the 1st
postfire growing season. Stickywilly did occur in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th postfire years [49].
In a rough fescue-dominated grassland near Missoula, Montana, a late
June fire burned in 1977. The fire, pushed by gusty winds, consumed virtually all above ground vegetation. The
following fall (August
and September) received above normal precipitation. Researchers compared burned and nearby unburned
sites in the fall, spring, and summer immediately following the fire. Stickywilly was
not present on burned sites by the next summer [2].
The following study presents more long-term fire effects information by
comparing burned and unburned Gambel oak communities in central and northern Utah.
On unburned sites, the average frequency of stickywilly was 36.8; on burned
sites, stickywilly frequency was 33.1. A majority of the burned sites
experienced fires 8 years prior, while others burned less than 30 years before
initiating the study. Researchers provided no data regarding fire severity or
season [80].
Repeated fires:
Stickywilly's probability of recovery from fires seems to decrease as fire frequency
increases. In a mixed mesophytic forest of northern Kentucky,
sites burned repeatedly. For 2 and 3 consecutive fall seasons, prescription
fires with flame heights of up to 5.9 inches (15 cm) burned. The importance of
stickywilly was significantly (p<0.05) greater on unburned sites than on
sites repeatedly burned [88]. Spring fires (late March-early April)
burned annually, biennially, and at 4-, 10-, and 20-year intervals in tallgrass
prairie wetlands of northeastern Kansas. The relative importance of stickywilly
decreased with increased fire frequency. The relative importance values (%) are
provided below. Data are means and 1 standard deviation [67].
Fire frequency10 and 202 and 4annual firesRelative importance value19.7Â±3.23.5Â±3.10
Fall and spring prescribed burning in a basin big sagebrush community in east-central Oregon had no significant
effect on stickywilly frequency in postfire year 1 or 2 [126]. See the Research Project Summary of this work for more information on fire effects
on stickywilly and 60 additional forb, grass, and woody plant species.
These fire studies also provide information on postfire responses of plant species in communities that include stickywilly:

Sources and Credits

(c) AnneTanne, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), http://www.flickr.com/photos/78746377@N00/2585154388
(c) Dan Mullen, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/8583446@N05/7866416430/
(c) AnneTanne, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), http://www.flickr.com/photos/78746377@N00/3228271085
(c) AnneTanne, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/annetanne/538473895/
Adapted by Jonathan (JC) Carpenter from a work by (c) Wikipedia, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine
(c) BioImages, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), http://eol.org/data_objects/22909791
Public Domain, http://eol.org/data_objects/24628817

More Info

iNat Map

‹ › ×