Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection and Isolates
2.2. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and Sequencing
2.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
2.4. Morphological Analysis
2.5. Prevalence
2.6. Pathogenicity Tests
3. Results
3.1. Collection of Watermelon Anthracnose Samples and Strain Isolation
3.2. Multi-Locus Phylogenetic Analyses
3.3. Multi-Locus Phylogenetic Analyses
3.4. Pathogenicity Assay
3.5. Taxonomy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Host Tissue | Year | Latitude and Longitude | Number of Isolates |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jiyang, Hainan | leaf and stem | 2018 | 109.58° E, 18.28° N | 20 |
Tongxu, Henan | fruit | 2019 | 114.47° E, 34.48° N | 8 |
Weishi, Henan | fruit | 2019 | 114.29° E, 34.35° N | 16 |
Xiangfu, Henan | fruit | 2019 | 114.35° E, 34.77° N | 6 |
Jinming, Henan | fruit | 2019 | 114.31° E, 34.87° N | 19 |
fruit | 2020 | 26 | ||
Zhongmou, Henan | leaf and stem | 2019 | 113.98° E, 34.71° N | 25 |
leaf and stem | 2020 | 9 | ||
Xinzheng, Henan | fruit | 2019 | 113.74° E, 34.39° N | 8 |
Fengcheng, Liaoning | leaf and stem | 2019 | 124.06° E, 40.45° N | 24 |
Ningbo, Zhejiang | leaf and stem | 2019 | 121.54° E, 29.87° N | 18 |
Taikang, Hennan | fruit | 2019 | 114.62° E, 34.11° N | 44 |
Ganzhou, Jingxi | leaf and stem | 2020 | 115.78° E, 25.60° N | 48 |
Xinxiang, Henan | leaf, stem and fruit | 2020 | 113.85° E, 35.30° N | 91 |
Enshi, Hubei | leaf and stem | 2020 | 109.47° E, 30.29° N | 52 |
Fugou, Henan | fruit | 2020 | 114.39° E, 34.05° N | 31 |
Yancheng, Jiangsu | fruit | 2020 | 120.15° E, 33.34° N | 22 |
Gaoan, Jiangxi | leaf and stem | 2020 | 115.37° E, 28.41° N | 35 |
Tongyu, Jilin | leaf | 2020 | 123.08° E, 44.80° N | 24 |
Total | 526 |
Gene | ITS | gadph | chs-1 | his3 | act | tub2 | gs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gloeosporioides clade | GTR + I | HKY + I | K80 + G | GTR + G | GTR + I | SYM + G | – |
Boninense clade | SYM + I + G | HKY + G | K80 + G | GTR + I+G | GTR + G | K80 + I | – |
Orbiculare clade | GTR | SYM | SYM + I | GTR + G | HKY + G | HKY | GTR + G |
Orchidearum clade | GTR + I | HKY | GTR + G | HKY + G | HKY | HKY + I | – |
Magnum clade | GTR + G | HKY + G | GTR + I | HKY + I | HKY + G | GTR + G | – |
Acutatum clade and other taxa | GTR + I + G | HKY + I + G | GTR + I+G | – | HKY + I + G | HKY + I + G | – |
Species | Strain | Infection Incidence % | |
---|---|---|---|
Leaf Bioassay | Fruit Bioassay | ||
C.aenigma | CAASZB1 | 44.4 | 0.0 |
C.fructicola | CAASZA2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
C. citrullus | CAASZT52 | 66.7 | 66.7 |
C.jiangxiense | CAASZN28 | 44.4 | 33.3 |
C.karstii | CAASZY2 | 44.4 | 100.0 |
C.orbiculare | CAASZN2 | 44.4 | 100.0 |
C.plurivorum | CAASZG13 | 55.6 | 66.7 |
C.sojae | CAASZM39 | 33.3 | 100.0 |
C.magnum | CAASZF5 | 66.7 | 100.0 |
C.qilinense | CAASZK13 | 77.8 | 66.7 |
C.kaifengense | CAASZK33 | 66.7 | 66.7 |
C.nymphaeae | CAASZN52 | 0.0 | 66.7 |
C.nigrum | CAASZX53 | 44.4 | 0.0 |
C.chlorophyti | CAASZG32 | 0.0 | 33.3 |
C.truncatum | CAASZX14 | 33.3 | 0.0 |
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Guo, Z.; Luo, C.-X.; Wu, H.-J.; Peng, B.; Kang, B.-S.; Liu, L.-M.; Zhang, M.; Gu, Q.-S. Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in China. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080790
Guo Z, Luo C-X, Wu H-J, Peng B, Kang B-S, Liu L-M, Zhang M, Gu Q-S. Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in China. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):790. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080790
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Zhen, Chao-Xi Luo, Hui-Jie Wu, Bin Peng, Bao-Shan Kang, Li-Ming Liu, Meng Zhang, and Qin-Sheng Gu. 2022. "Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in China" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080790