Novel Freshwater Ascomycetes from Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples Collection and Fungal Isolation
2.2. Phenotypic Study
2.3. DNA Extraction, Amplification, and Sequencing
2.4. Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phylogeny
3.2. Taxonomy
- Type genus: Amniculicola Y. Zhang ter and K.D. Hyde, Mycological Research 112 (10): 1189 (2008). MycoBank MB 511328.
- Type species: Amniculicola lignicola Y. Zhang ter and K.D. Hyde, Mycological Research 112 (10): 1189 (2008). MycoBank MB 511330.
- Because the asexual state of the genus Amniculicola has not been reported and described yet, we have emended the generic description.
- Amniculicola Y. Zhang and K.D. Hyde, emended by V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel.
- Saprobic on wood in freshwater habitats. Sexual state: Ascomata solitary to gregarious, immersed to nearly superficial, black, uniloculate, subglobose to conical, glabrous, ostiolate, with or without two tuberculate fared lips surrounding a slit-like ostiole, sometimes with a fattened base not easily removed from the substrate, usually staining the woody substrate in purple tinge. Peridium 2-layered, outer layer composed of heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses dense, trabeculate, filiform, persistent, hyaline, embedded in mucilage, anastomosing between and above the asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to narrowly fusoid, short pedicellate. Ascospores mostly uniseriate, fusoid, hyaline, septate, symmetrical, smooth, thin-walled, surrounded by a hyaline, gelatinous sheath. Asexual states: anguillospora-like. Conidiophores usually simple, conidia septate, hyaline, curved or sigmoid, tapering to the apex; phoma-like. Conidiomata pycnidia, dark brown, semi-immersed, solitary, scattered, pycnidial wall of textura angularis, globose to subglobose. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, determinate, hyaline, globose to ampulliform, flask-shaped, or cylindrical. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, globose to kidney-shaped or bacilliform.
- Etymology: From Latin asexualis, without sex, because of lack of a known sexual state.
- Type: Spain, Sevilla province, Parque Natural Sierra Norte, Cascadas del Huéznar, from plant debris in freshwater, May 2019, José F. Cano Lira and Juan R. García Martínez, holotype CBS H-24925, living cultures FMR 17946, CBS 148919.
- Description: Sexual state: unknown. Asexual state (found in natural substrate but described in vitro): Hyphae hyaline to pale brown, septate, branched, smooth, thin-walled, 2–2.5 µm wide. Conidiomata pycnidial, dark brown, semi-immersed, solitary, scattered, globose to subglobose 75–120 × 70–130 µm, conidiomata wall 4–6-layered, 10–20 µm thick, with an outer layer of textura angularis, composed of brown to dark brown, flattened polygonal cells of 4–6 µm diameter. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, determinate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, flask-shaped, ampulliform, or cylindrical, 4–6 × 4–8 µm. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, bacilliform, globose to kidney-shaped, 2–3 × 1.5–2.0 µm. Chlamydospores absent.
- Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 16–18 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 + 1 °C, flattened, velvety, margin regular, brownish grey to orange-grey (6C2/6B2); reverse brownish grey to orange-grey (6F2/6A2). Colonies on OA reaching 14–16 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 + 1 °C, flattened, velvety, margin regular, surface, and reverse brownish beige to grey (6F3/6B1). Colonies on MEA reaching 10–15 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 + 1 °C, flattened, velvety, margins undulate, surface, and reverse greyish brown to grey (6F3/6B1). Exopigment absent. Cardinal temperatures for growth: optimum 25 °C, maximum 30 °C, minimum 5 °C.
- Diagnosis: Morphologically, A. asexualis differs from the rest of the species of the genus because it is the only species that has a coelomycetous asexual state.
- Notes: Amniculicola asexualis is phylogenetically close to A. gutulata. The difference in nucleotides between both concatenated (ITS-tef1) sequences is 27 bp (Figure 3).
Key to freshwater Amniculicola species (modified from Dong et al. [10]) | |
1. Asexual state present.................................................................................................2 | |
1. Sexual state present only...........................................................................................3 | |
2. Conidia elongate to sigmoidal, produced from conidiophores........A. longissima | |
2. Conidia bacilliform, globose to reniform, produced in pycnidia........A. asexualis | |
3. Ascomata superficial.................................................................................................4 | |
3. Ascomata immersed.................................................................................A. immersa | |
4. Asci longer than 130 µm..........................................................................A. lignicola | |
4. Asci shorter than 130 µm.........................................................................................5 | |
5. Substrate stained purple...............................................................................A. parva | |
5. Unstained substrate..................................................................................................6 | |
6. Peridium 35–50 µm thick.........................................................................A. aquatica | |
6. Peridium 27–35 µm thick........................................................................A. guttulata |
- Roussoellaceae J.K. Liu, Phookamsak, D.Q. Dai, and K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 181: 7 (2014) MycoBank MB 804651.
- Type genus: Roussoella Sacc., Atti dell’Istituto Veneto Scienze 6: 410 (1888) MycoBank MB 4799.
- Elongatopedicellata J.F. Zhang, J.K. Liu, K.D. Hyde, and Z.Y. Liu, Fungal Diversity 75: 118 (2015) MycoBank MB 551484
- Type species: Elongatopedicellata lignicola J.F. Zhang, J.K. Liu, K.D. Hyde, and Z.Y. Liu, Fungal Diversity 75: 118 (2015) MycoBank MB 551485.
- Because the asexual state of the genus Elongatopedicellata has not been reported and described until now, we have emended the generic description as follows:
- Elongatopedicellata J.F. Zhang, J.K. Liu, K.D. Hyde, and Z.Y. Liu, emended by V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel.
- Elongatopedicellata aquatica V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel, sp. nov. MycoBank MB 551484. (Figure 10).
- Etymology: From Latin aquaticus, referring to the habitat from which the fungus was isolated.
- Type: Spain, Tarragona province, Capafonts, de les Hortes river, from plant debris submerged in freshwater, Mar 2019, Viridiana Magaña Dueñas and Isabel Iturrieta González, holotype CBS H-24926, living cultures FMR 17834, CBS 148920.
- Lophiostomataceae Sacc, Sylloge Fungorum 2: 672 (1883) MycoBank MB 80966.
- Type genus: Lophiostoma Ces. and De Not., Commentario della Società Crittogamologica Italiana 1: 219 (1863). MB 2933.
- Neovaginatispora A. Hashim., K. Hiray., and Kaz. Tanaka, Studies in Mycology 90: 167 (2018). MycoBank MB 823147.
- Type species: Neovaginatispora fuckelii (Sacc.) A. Hashim., K. Hiray., and Kaz. Tanaka, Studies in Mycology 90: 167 (2018). MycoBank MB 823148.
- ≡ Lophiostoma fuckelii Sacc., Michelia 1 (no. 3): 336 (1878).
- =Vaginatispora fuckelii (Sacc.) Thambug et al., Fungal Diversity 74: 243. (2015).
- Neovaginatispora A. Hashim., emended by V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel.
- Neovaginatispora aquadulcis V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel, sp. nov. MycoBank MB842771 (Figure 11).
- Chaetomellaceae Baral, P.R. Johnst., and Rossman, Index Fungorum 225: 1 (2015). MycoBank MB 551076
- = Sclerotiopsis Speg., An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 113: 14 (1882).
- = Hainesia Ellis and Sacc., in Saccardo, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 3: 698 (1884).
- = Discohainesia Nannf., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., Ser. 48: 88 (1932).
- Pilidium cuprescens V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel, sp. nov. MycoBank MB842772 (Figure 12).
- Sympoventuriaceae Y. Zhang ter et al. Fungal Diversity 51: 255. (2011). MycoBank MB 563117.
- Type genus: Sympoventuria Crous and Seifert, Fungal Diversity 25: 31. 2007. MycoBank MB 501002.
- Pseudosigmoidea K. Ando and N. Nakam., J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 46: 55. 2000. MycoBank MB 28418.
- Type species: Pseudosigmoidea cranei K. Ando and N. Nakam., J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 46: 55. (2000). MycoBank MB 464825.
- Pseudosigmoidea robusta V. Magaña-Dueñas, Cano, and Stchigel, sp. nov. MycoBank MB842773 (Figure 13).
- Pyrenochaetopsidaceae Valenzuela-Lopez, Cano, Guarro, Sutton, Wiederhold, Crous, and Stchigel, Stud. Mycol. 90: 56 (2017). MycoBank MB 820308.
- Type genus: Pyrenochaetopsis Gruyter, Aveskamp, and Verkley, Mycologia 102: 1076 (2010). MycoBank MB 514653.
- Type species: Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora (Sacc. and Briard) Gruyter, Aveskamp, and Verkley, Mycologia 102: 1076 (2010). MycoBank MB 514654.
- Pyrenochaetopsis perfecta V. Magaña-Dueñas, Stchigel, and Cano, sp. nov. MycoBank MB842774 (Figure 14).
- Etymology: From Latin perfectus, perfect, because the fungus produces both sexual and asexual states.
- Type: Spain, Castellón province, Burriana, Clot de la Mare de Déu, from freshwater submerged plant debris, Mar 2021, Alan Omar Granados Casas and Ana Fernández Bravo, holotype CBS H-24930, living cultures FMR 18913, CBS 148923.
- Pyrenochaetopsis cylindrospora V. Magaña-Dueñas, Stchigel, and Cano, sp. nov. MycoBank MB842778 (Figure 15).
- Etymology: From Greek κυλινδρικός-, cylindrical, and -σπόριο, spore, because of the shape of the conidia.
- Type: Spain, Castellón province, Burriana, Clot de la Mare de Déu, from freshwater submerged plant debris, Mar 2021, Alan Omar Granados Casas and Ana Fernández Bravo, holotype CBS H-24931, living cultures FMR 18801, CBS 148924.
- Diagnosis: The closest species to P. cylindrospora is P. confluens. Morphologically, P. cylindrospora differs from P. confluens because the former produces lager setae (35–75 µm vs. 5–22.5 (–35) µm) and bigger conidia (5–6 × 1.5–2 µm vs. 2–4 × 2–2.5 μm).
- Notes: The nucleotide difference between P. cylindrospora and P. confluens ITS-rpb2-tub2 concatenated sequences is 24 bp.
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Magaña-Dueñas, V.; Cano-Lira, J.F.; Stchigel, A.M. Novel Freshwater Ascomycetes from Spain. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080849
Magaña-Dueñas V, Cano-Lira JF, Stchigel AM. Novel Freshwater Ascomycetes from Spain. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):849. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080849
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagaña-Dueñas, Viridiana, José Francisco Cano-Lira, and Alberto Miguel Stchigel. 2022. "Novel Freshwater Ascomycetes from Spain" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080849