Presentation Transcript

1. Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, etc. Tick Mite Yellow Garden Spider

2. Arachnids are amazing, but they are NOT insects! • Many people talk about “BUGS,” but that’s not a scientific term. • What they really mean is: • Insect or • Arachnid

3. Class Arachnida Ronald F. BillingsTexas Forest Servicewww.forestryimages.org • Mouthparts are calledchelicerae. • Most contain venom. • Antennae are absent. • Four pairs of legs. • Book lungs for respiration. Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis Yellow Garden Spider,Argiope aurantia Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.insectimages.org

4. Arachnids • This class of animals include spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions and other 8 – legged invertebrates. • Have an exoskeleton • The arachnid body is divided into two parts: anterior and posterior. • Anterior: contains sense organs, mouthparts, and limbs in pairs • posterior: bears the genital opening and other structures and some sort of modified gills (called “hook lungs”)

5. Class Arachnida:Order Araneae: Spiders • Two body regions(cephalothorax, abdomen). • Fangs (chelicerae), mostare venomous. • Most are not dangerous. • Most make webs. • Most have poor eyesight;hairs compensate for it(jumping spiders are an exception). • Potentially dangerous spiders (bites are uncommon): Brown recluse spider, Black widow spider David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org Jumping Spider, Phidippus audax

6. Spider Anatomy pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax narrow waist abdomen

7. Abdomen Cephalothorax Chelicera (fang) Pedipalp Jumping Spider

8. Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider Orb-weaving spider Tarantula

9. Black widow with egg case Brown recluse

10. Class Arachnida:Order Araneae: Spiders David Keith, Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln Crab Spider,Misumenoides formosipes Wolf Spider,Lycosa carolinensis James O. Howell, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org

11. Class Arachnida:Order Opiliones: Harvestman (Daddy Longlegs) • One apparent bodyregion. • Abdomen andcephalothorax short. • Common and harmless. • Nocturnal. • Feed on detritus, fruit,or other animals. Leiobunum sp. Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org

12. daddy long-legs cephalothorax abdomen

13. Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions • Long tail with sting. • Pedipalps are modifiedas pinchers. • Most scorpion stingsare no worse than beestings; only a minorityof species arepotentially dangerous. • Nocturnal. • Common in warmclimates. • Feed on other animals. E. Tenczar Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides vittatus,gravid female from Texas

14. Scorpion Anatomy

15. chelicerae eyes pedipalp

16. Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions E. Tenczar E. Tenczar Emperor Scorpion,Pandinus imperator,female eating cockroach, native to West Africa Northern Desert Hairy Scorpion, Hadrurus spadix,native to US

17. Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions E. Tenczar Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides exilicauda, mating

18. Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions E. Tenczar E. Tenczar Flat Rock Scorpion,Hadogenes troglodytes,female, native toSouth Africa Lined Devil Scorpion,Vaejovis spinigerus,female from Arizona with young

19. Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions E. Tenczar Slenderbrown Bark Scorpion,Centruroides gracilis,male from Central America E. Tenczar Pandinus imperator; scorpions glow under UV/ black light

20. Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions E. Tenczar E. Tenczar Black Thick-Tailed Scorpion, Parabuthus transvaalicus, a highly venomous species native to South Africa

21. Pseudoscorpion

22. Class Arachnida: Order Acari: Ticks • Ticks have two body regions. • Young have six legs, adults have eight. • There are hard and soft-bodied ticks. • Ticks are much larger than mites, some females as large as a nickel. Jim Occi, BugPics, www.insectimages.org Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis

23. American dog tick male Blacklegged (deer) tick female

24. American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).

25. Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Chiggers • Attach to skin using twoclaws. • Two blade-like beaks enterthe skin. • Injected fluid dissolves skintissue around beaks, buthardens surrounding tissue so that a stylostome, or tube is formed. • Chigger sucks up liquid through stylostome. • Tube remains after chigger leaves, causing itching. Chigger Bites on Human

26. Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Mites • Mites have only one noticeable body region. • Many are microscopic or close to it.

27. Mites • Egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult. • Four pair legs; three pairs on larvae. • Two body segments: head, thorax. • Chelicerae: fangs like spiders. • Suck cells. • Cause chlorosis; yellowing of foliage. • Transmit disease. • Diagnostics: chlorosis, webbing, rusetting, galls.

28. Mites • Female: round abdomen • Male: pointed abdomen • Larva 3 pairs of legs

29. Mite and Tick Body Regions pedipalps & chelicerae cephalothorax abdomen

30. Warm/Cool Season Mites • Warm season • Twospotted spider mite • European red mite • Bulb mite • Gall, rust mite • Cyclamen mite • Cool season • Spruce spider mite • Clover mite Jack Kelly Clark, University of Californiahttp://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/T/I-AC-TSPP-AD.022.html Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

31. Mites in the Greenhouse • Family Tetranychidae: • Twospotted spider mite • Lewis mite • Family Tarsonemidae: • Cyclamen mite • Broad mite • Family Acaridae: • Bulb mite • Family Eriophyidae: • Gall, rust mite CUEShttp://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inmine/Mitesc.html Cyclamen Mite

32. Clover mites Twospotted spider mites Predatory mite

33. HelpfulArachnids… • Arachnids can be helpful! • Spiders help to control the insect population by catching insects in their webs as their prey.

34. Harmful Arachnids • Bites from the Black Widow Spider and the Brazilian Wandering Spider can be deadly if not treated. • Ticks can carry blood-borne diseases such as Lyme Disease.

35. pooky Spiders Amazing facts about Arachnids Designed for Miss. Stone’s 3rd Grade Class http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=368713

36. Introduction Did you know that some spiders are as big as your face?...Some can live for 28 years?...Scorpions are arachnids too? Discover amazing facts about spiders, how they catch their food, what they eat, where they live, and how they defend themselves.

37. ! People have been known to use spiders’ webs as fishing nets. I didn’t know that… Spiders make a new web every day. Spiders are always making new webs because their old ones break easily and lose their stickiness. A web traps food for the spider so it is essential for survival and needs to be in perfect order. http://www.americanarachnology.org/gallery_entrance.html ! The silk in a spiders’ web could stretch the length of a tennis court.

38. ! Spider silk is stronger than steel wire of the same thickness. I didn’t know that… Some spiders live underwater. Water spiders live in lakes and ponds, but they can’t breathe underwater. They spin themselves a bell-shaped web and keep it filled with air by collecting bubbles from the surface. ! Some spiders lie in wait in their webs, hoping to catch tadpoles. http://www.herper.com/Waterspider.html

39. ! Trapdoor spiders dig out their tunnels with their jaws. I didn’t know that… Some spiders jump through trapdoors. Trapdoor spiders dig a burrow in the ground, cover it with a trapdoor, and hide inside. Then they pounce on any creature that passes. http://www.seghea.com/pat/art/bugs/bugth1.html ! The bolas spider is named after the bolas, a South American lasso.

40. ! Unlike many spiders, hunting spiders have very sharp eyesight. I didn’t know that… Some spiders spit. Spitting spiders don’t use webs. Instead, they make a sticky gum, which they fire out through their fangs. This completely covers an insect and sticks it to the spot. ! Wolf spiders eat up to 15 insects on a good hunting day. http://www.photostogo.com/store/search.asp?SearchStr=%27Spider%27 http://www.troyb.com/photo/gallery/section2.htm%20

41. ! Most spiders are poisonous- at least to insects. I didn’t know that… Some spiders have fangs. Like snakes, spiders use poison to defend themselves and kill their prey. A spider jabs its fangs into its victim and holds on while the poison pumps into the prey. ! A spider bite always leaves two little holes in the skin. http://www.sphoto.com/insects.html http://www.sphoto.com/mspiders.html

42. ! House spiders often stick their nests to door and window frames. I didn’t know that… Spiders have nurseries. Just before her eggs hatch, the nursery-web spider spins a tent of silk. It’s a nursery, where tiny baby spiders stay safe and sound, while their mother keeps guard nearby. http://www.sphoto.com/mspiders.html ! After they have hatched, baby spiders still need a parents’ protection. http://www.sphoto.com/landscape.html

43. I didn’t know that… Some spiders can change color. Crab spiders are masters of disguise and can match their color to their surroundings. This clever trick keeps them hidden inside flowers, where other spiders would be more easily seen ! Spiders that hunt on the ground need good camouflage. http://www.sphoto.com/insects.html http://ln.doubleclick.net/adi/tr.ln/memberembedded;kw=spider%20photos;h=misc;sz=468x60;ord=210737637424058?

44. ! Chinese farmers build winter shelters for spiders in their fields. I didn’t know that… Wasps attack spiders. The female tarantula hawk wasp feeds her babies tarantulas. She attacks, stings, and paralyzes these huge spiders, then drags them into a hole and lays an egg on them. ! A golden-wheeling spider escapes by cartwheeling down sand dunes. http://www.desertusa.com/mag01/sep/papr/thawk.html http://www.wmspear.com/News/hawkwasp.html