Dictyoptera and Isoptera
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Detailed account of orders Dictyoptera and Isoptera with important families
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Dictyoptera and Isoptera
- 1. Dictyoptera (Cockroaches and Mantids) Submitted By :- Jayant Yadav, C.C.S.H.A.University, Hisar, Haryana
- 2. Characteristics :- • Medium to large sized insects • Filiform antennae • Biting mouthparts • Legs similar to each other or in Mantids fore legs raptorial • Fore wings are thickened to form tegmina, and the tarsi are 5-segmented • Eggs present in an ootheca. Female with reduced ovipositor and male with asymmetrical genitalia which bears a pair of styles. • Cerci many-segmented • Specialized stridulatory and auditory organs absent.
- 3. Body : Medium to large sized insects Head : Usually hypognathous Antennae : Filiform or setaceous Mouth Parts: Chewing type General Characters
- 4. • Thorax : Prothorax usually larger than meso and metathorax • Wings : Forewing leathery – tegmina ; hindwings – membranous and folded, fanlike • Legs : Forelegs are Raptorial in Mantids and Cursorial in Blattidae
- 5. Male genitalia is asymmetrical. On 9th segment pair of styli. Cerci many segmented. Cerci>Styli
- 6. SUB-ORDERS BLATTARIA • Polyphagidae • Blaberidae • Blattidae • Epilampridae MANTODEA • Amorphoscelidae • Eremiaphilidae • Hymenopodidae • Mantidae • Empusidae
- 7. BLATTARIA • Head is not mobile in all directions. • Pronotum is shield like and covers the head. • Body is flattened and dark coloured . • Antennae long and setaceous. • Legs are cursorial type. • Ootheca is chitinous. • They are omnivorus. • Common family : Blattidae : eg. American cockroach MANTODEA • Head is mobile in all directions. • Pronotum is elongated and do not cover the head. • Body is elongated sometimes cylindrical. • Antennae long, setaceous and may be filiform in some species. • Legs are raptorial type. • Ootheca is not chitinous. • They are carnivorous. • Common family : Mantidae : eg. Preying mantids
- 8. Blattaria Number of Species Common names Distinguishing characteristics Other features Typical habitats 4,000 Roaches, cockroaches - damp, warm dark areas - tropical forests -No ovipositor -No saltatorial hind legs -ootheca used in oviposition
- 9. Family : Blattidae • Antennae long and setaceous • Forewings prominently tegmina • Legs similar to one another • Tarsi 5-segmented • Ovipositor reduced and concealed under the 7th abdominal sternum • A pair of many segmented cerci. • They are mainly household pests. ex. American cockroach, Periplanela americana German cockroach, Blatella germanica
- 10. Fig :- Ootheca of Cockroach
- 11. Mantodea Number of Species Common names Distinguishing characteristics Other features Typical habitats 2.300 Mantids - arboreal -Predatory adaptations -ootheca used in oviposition
- 12. Family : Mantidae • Usually large insects having elongated and cylindrical body. • Forelegs modified as raptorial with spines on inner-ventral side of fore-femurs. • Antennae comparatively shorter and filiform. • Pronotum is elongated and do not cover the head. • Nymphs are cannibalistic. • Mimic leaves and flowers. • Predators on crop pests. ex. Praying mantis, Mantis religiosa.
- 13. Fig :- Ootheca of Praying Mantis
- 15. Isoptera Number of Species Common names Distinguishing characteristics Other features Typical habitats Hexapod Order 3,000 Termites, white ants Iso - equal, ptera - wings - fossorial, colonial -Sociality -Castes •Pale, elongate body. •Antennae about the same length as the head.
- 17. Isoptera (termites) Greek "iso" = equal, "ptera" = wings • Pale, elongate body • 2 pairs of membranous wings of equal length only present in reproductives and shed after mating • Mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts • Antennae about the same length as the head • Sometimes now classified with Blattodea because their DNA suggests that they are specialized roaches
- 18. Head Antennae; Moniliform Mouth parts; Chewing type
- 19. Thorax & Abdomen Wings similar After mating shed their wings Tarsi 4 segmented Short cerci
- 21. Caste system in Termites
- 22. Termite Life Cycle Nymphs Supplemental reproductives Worker Soldier Reproductive nymph Alate (winged reproductive} Wingless reproductive King Queen Eggs
- 23. How are castes determined? King Produce male inhibitor Produce female inhibitor Queen stimulates Male nymph Female nymph Absorbs male inhibitor Passes female inhibitor Absorbs female inhibitor Passes male inhibitor To other worker nymphs via mutual feeding proctodeal feeding proctodeal feeding
- 24. Termite nests
- 25. Termite Damage
- 32. Termitidae Antinnae: Moniliform Wing have colour Forewing have scale Scale of forewing < pronotum Pronotum is saddle shaped
- 33. Radius: behind the costal margin Without branching Redial sector is reduced or absent Cerci 1 or 2 segmented
- 35. Rhinotermitidae Scales of fore wing > Pronotum Radius vein is behind the costal margin Radius vein is without anterior branching Pronotum is flat Cerci 2 segmented
- 37. Kalotermitidae Ocelli absent Radius vein have 1 or 2 anterior branches
- 39. Hudotermitidae Ocelli absent Radius vein with one or 2 anterior branches
- 41. THANK YOU