Elasmobranchii

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Its related with the stream of Biology . This is all about the Cartilaginous fish - easy explanation and classification. Also include fundamental characterstics of Pisces Which is a class of Superclass Pisces.

Science

Submitted By-
Nilesh Khandelwal
MSc.Zoology SEM III
Department of Zoology

 Cold blooded and exclusively aquatic.
 Gill slits covered or naked .
 Lateral line system present
 Exoskeleton in form of scales
 Body – spindle shaped or streamlined.
 Paired fin present
 Endoskeleton- bony or cartilaginous.
 Kidney- mesonephric
 Cranial nerves-10 pairs
 Heart 2 chambered
 Internal fertilization
 Separate sexes
 Cleavage incomplete and direct development.

 Fishes have been classified in different ways from
time to time.
 Some important classification are-
Berg’s classification,1940(7 classes)
Romer’s classification,1959(2 classes)
Parker and Haswell,1960 (3 classes)

CLASS SUBCLASS STATUS
PTERICHTHYS EXTINCT
COCCOSTEI EXTINCT
ACANTHODI EXTINCT
ELASMOBRANCHI
HOLOCEPHALI
DIPNOI
TELEOSTOMI CROSSOPTERGII
ACTINOPTERGII

CLASS SUB-CLASS
Chondrichthyes ELASMOBRANCHI
HOLOCEPHALI
Osteiochthyes DIPNOI
TELEOSTOMI

CLASS STATUS
PLASMOBRANCHII EXTINCT
CHONDRICHTHYES
OSTEICHTHYES

 elasmo= plate, branchii= plate
 Also called as chondricthyes
 Marine and predacious in nature.
 The endoskeleton is entirely cartilaginous
without true bones.
 Placoid scales form the exoskeleton .
 Pelvic fin modified into claspers.
 Caudal fin is heterocercal.
 Gills are lamelliform.
 Gill slits are 4 to 7 pairs without operculum.

Ventral mouth present.
Teeth are modified placoid scale.
No air bladder or lungs present.
Cloaca present.
Oviparous / ovoviviparous.
Heart 2 chambered- venous heart
Ureotelic excretion
Direct development.

Elasmobranchii have 2 sub-classes
Subclass Order Examples
SELACHII SQUALIFORMES SHARKS
RAJIFORMES SKATES
HOLOCEPHALI RAT FISHES

selachos (Greek) = sharks
Multiple gill slits on either side protected by
skin flaps.
A spiracle behind each eye.
Cloaca present.

Pleuro- Lateral;trema-opening
Spindle shaped body
Gill slits lateral
Pectoral fins moderate,constricted at base.
Heterocercal tail
Examples-
Scoliodon,Chiloscyllium,Rhineodon

Hypo-below;trema-opening
Body depressed,dorsoventrally flattened
Gill slits ventral,5pairs.
Pectoral fins enlarged, fused to sides of
head and body.
Spiracles large,highly functional.
Examples:Skates and Rays
Trygon,Torpedo,Myliobatis,Rhinobatus.

Common Raja
Pacific white skate
Dipturus
Ocellate spot skate

Holo-entire ; cephale-head
Single gill opening on either side coverd by
a fleshy operculum.
No spiracles,cloaca and scales.
Jaws with toothed plates.
Single nasal opening
Lateral line system with open groove.
Examples-Rat Fishes or Chimaeras
Hydrolagus

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Elasmobranchii

1. Submitted By- Nilesh Khandelwal MSc.Zoology SEM III Department of Zoology

2.  Cold blooded and exclusively aquatic.  Gill slits covered or naked .  Lateral line system present  Exoskeleton in form of scales  Body – spindle shaped or streamlined.  Paired fin present  Endoskeleton- bony or cartilaginous.  Kidney- mesonephric  Cranial nerves-10 pairs  Heart 2 chambered  Internal fertilization  Separate sexes  Cleavage incomplete and direct development.

3.  Fishes have been classified in different ways from time to time.  Some important classification are- Berg’s classification,1940(7 classes) Romer’s classification,1959(2 classes) Parker and Haswell,1960 (3 classes)

4. CLASS SUBCLASS STATUS PTERICHTHYS EXTINCT COCCOSTEI EXTINCT ACANTHODI EXTINCT ELASMOBRANCHI HOLOCEPHALI DIPNOI TELEOSTOMI CROSSOPTERGII ACTINOPTERGII

5. CLASS SUB-CLASS Chondrichthyes ELASMOBRANCHI HOLOCEPHALI Osteiochthyes DIPNOI TELEOSTOMI

6. CLASS STATUS PLASMOBRANCHII EXTINCT CHONDRICHTHYES OSTEICHTHYES

7.  elasmo= plate, branchii= plate  Also called as chondricthyes  Marine and predacious in nature.  The endoskeleton is entirely cartilaginous without true bones.  Placoid scales form the exoskeleton .  Pelvic fin modified into claspers.  Caudal fin is heterocercal.  Gills are lamelliform.  Gill slits are 4 to 7 pairs without operculum.

8. Ventral mouth present. Teeth are modified placoid scale. No air bladder or lungs present. Cloaca present. Oviparous / ovoviviparous. Heart 2 chambered- venous heart Ureotelic excretion Direct development.

9. Elasmobranchii have 2 sub-classes Subclass Order Examples SELACHII SQUALIFORMES SHARKS RAJIFORMES SKATES HOLOCEPHALI RAT FISHES

10. selachos (Greek) = sharks Multiple gill slits on either side protected by skin flaps. A spiracle behind each eye. Cloaca present.

11. Pleuro- Lateral;trema-opening Spindle shaped body Gill slits lateral Pectoral fins moderate,constricted at base. Heterocercal tail Examples- Scoliodon,Chiloscyllium,Rhineodon

12. Sphyrna Zebra Shark Heptanchus Mustelus

13. Hypo-below;trema-opening Body depressed,dorsoventrally flattened Gill slits ventral,5pairs. Pectoral fins enlarged, fused to sides of head and body. Spiracles large,highly functional. Examples:Skates and Rays Trygon,Torpedo,Myliobatis,Rhinobatus.

14. Common Raja Pacific white skate Dipturus Ocellate spot skate

15. Torpedo Trygon Rhinobatus Myliobatis

16. Holo-entire ; cephale-head Single gill opening on either side coverd by a fleshy operculum. No spiracles,cloaca and scales. Jaws with toothed plates. Single nasal opening Lateral line system with open groove. Examples-Rat Fishes or Chimaeras Hydrolagus

17. Chimaera Hetrolagus

Elasmobranchii

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