Sarocadium Life Cycle, Symptoms, Taxonomy
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Sarocadium Life Cycle, Symptoms, Taxonomy
- 1. COURSE TEACHER Dr. PARTHASARATHY S Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology) STUDENT K.K. SUJAYBRAHATHEESH ID. NO. 2017021075 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 SYMPTOMS, HOST RANGE, TAXONOMY AND LIFE CYCLE OF SAROCLADIUM
- 2. SAROCLADIUM • Sarocladium presently encompasses 10 species. • Sarocladium oryzae, the type species of the genus, is an important plant pathogen causing sheath-rot of rice (Oryza sativa). • It is also known to produce antimicrobial secondary metabolites, such as helvolic acid and cerulenin.
- 3. TAXONOMY Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Ascomycota Subphylum: Pezizomycotina Class: Sordariomycetes Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae Order: Hypocreales Genus: Sarocladium Species: S. oryzae
- 4. SAROCLADIUM ORYZAE • Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) is a plant pathogen causing the sheath rot disease of rice. • In culture it produces 0.3 0.627 micrograms of helvolic acid and 0.9- 4.8 micrograms of cerulenin per milliliter of culture medium. • The level of helvolic acid correlated with a higher incidence of sheath rot disease.
- 5. SAROCLADIUM ORYZAE • Rice grains from infected plants were found to contain 2.2 micrograms helvolic acid and 1.75 micrograms of cerulein per gram of infected seeds, which induce chlorosis and reduce the seed viability and seedling health. • S. oryzae has also been known as Acrocylindrium oryzae (Sawada).
- 6. SYMPTOMS • Discoloration in the flag leaf sheath
- 7. SYMPTOMS • Rotting occurs on the leaf sheath that encloses the young panicles. • Irregular spots or lesions, with dark reddish brown margins and gray center.
- 8. SYMPTOMS • Severe infection causes entire or parts of young panicles to remain within the sheath
- 9. SYMPTOMS • Lesions enlarge and often coalesce and may cover the entire leaf sheath. • Unemerged panicles rot and florets turn red-brown to dark brown. • Whitish powdery growth inside the affected sheaths and young panicles.
- 10. SYMPTOMS • Infected panicles and grains are sterile, shriveled, partially or unfilled, and discolored. • The disease is important during the heading towards the maturity stages of the rice crop.
- 11. SYMPTOMS
- 12. SYMPTOMS
- 13. SYMPTOMS
- 14. HOST RANGE The Host Range of this pathogen has not been studied. Few reports are only avaliable • Balakrishnan and Nair (1981) reported that field weeds Cyperus diformis, Echinocholoa crusgalli, Monochoria vaginalis and Cyperus teneriffe were naturally infected hosts of S. oryzae . • Echinocholoa colona, was also found to play a role as an alterate host for this pathogen
- 15. LIFE CYCLE
- 16. LIFE CYCLE • The fungus produces white mycelium, sparsely branched, septate, and measures 1.5-2mm in diameter. • Conidiophores arising from the mycelium are slightly thicker than the vegetative hyphae, branched once or twice, each time with 3-4 branches in a whorl.
- 17. LIFE CYCLE • The fungus invades rice through the plant's stomata and wounds and grows intercellularly in the vascular bundles and mesophyll tissues.
- 18. REFERENCES • Alice D, Jeyalakshmi C, Krishnamoorthy A.S and Karthikeyan M, 2017. Fundamentals of Phyto Pathology. Sri Sakthi Promotional Litho Process, Coimbatore. • https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/48393 • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4510268/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarocladium_oryzae • http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/paddy/cpdissrsb. html • http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/89295