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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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Guide to pronunciation | |
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Cognates | |
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Nouns, Articles, and Prepositions, and the Principle of Agreement | |
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Nouns, Gender, and the Principle of Agreement | |
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Articles | |
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Gendered Nouns | |
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The Plural of Nouns | |
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Prepositions | |
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Contraction of Prepositions with Definite Articles | |
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The Partitive and Negative Uses of DE | |
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The Multiple Meanings of DES | |
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Verbs, Subject Pronouns, and the Present Tense/Pr�sent De L'lndicatif | |
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Infinitives and Verb Families | |
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Subject Pronouns | |
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The Present Tense/Present de l'Indicatif of -ER Verbs | |
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Translation of the Present Tense/Pr�sent de I'lndicatif | |
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The Negative Form of the Present Tense | |
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Two Important Irregular Verbs: AVOIR, to Have, and �TRE, to Be | |
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A Third Irregular Verb: ALLER, to Go | |
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Formation of Simple Questions | |
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Present Tense/Pr�sent de l'Indicatif of -RE and -IR Verbs | |
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Another Important Irregular Verb: FAIRE, to Do, to Make | |
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The Historic Present in French | |
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Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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Adjectives | |
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Adverbs | |
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Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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Translation Passage: Le Corbeau et le Renard | |
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Reflexive Verbs | |
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Reflexive Pronouns and the Formation of Reflexive Verbs | |
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The Negative Form of Reflexive Verbs | |
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Various Ways in Which to Translate Reflexive Verbs | |
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The Imperfect/L'imparfait | |
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Explanation of the Tense | |
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Formation of the Imparfait | |
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Translations of the Imparfait | |
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AVOIR and �TRE in the Imparfait | |
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The Negative Form of the Imparfait | |
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Reflexive Verbs in the Imparfait | |
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Translation Passage: La Charte de M�decins Sans Fronti�res | |
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Past Partlciples/Les Participes Pass�s | |
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Formation of Past Participles | |
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Past Participles as Adjectives | |
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Past Participles as Predicate Adjectives | |
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Le Pass� Compos�/The Compound Past | |
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Explanation of the Tense | |
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Rules Governing the Formation and Translation of the Pass� Compos� | |
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The Pass� Compos� in the Negative Form | |
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AVOIR and �TRE in the Pass� Compos� | |
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The Pass� Compos� Used Together with the Imparfait | |
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The Pass� Compos� with Adverbs | |
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Past Participles Used As Predicate Adjectives in the Present Tense Compared with Past Participles Used in the Poss� Compos� to Form the Past Tense | |
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Translation Passage: Le Petit Chaperon rouge | |
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Directjand Indirect Object Pronouns | |
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Recognizing Objects in Transitive Sentences | |
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Direct Object Pronouns: Meaning and Placement | |
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LE, LA, and LES As Direct Object Pronouns | |
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Direct Object Pronouns in the Pass� Compos�: Placement and Agreement | |
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Indirect Object Pronouns: Meaning and Placement | |
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The Partitive Pronoun EN | |
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The Pronoun Y | |
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The Order of Object Pronouns When There Are More Than One of Them | |
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Translation Passage: La Belle au bois dormant | |
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Additional Forms of the Negative | |
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General Pattern | |
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Irregularities in Various Forms of the Negative | |
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Translation Passage: D�claration des droits de l�homme et du citoyen de 1789 | |
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More Irregular Yet Common Verbs | |
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Venir (to come) and Tenir (to hold) | |
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-OIR Verbs | |
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Impersonal Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Impersonal Verbs, and an Introduction to the Word Que | |
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Demonstrative Pronoun CE | |
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Demonstrative Pronouns CECI and CELA | |
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Demonstrative Pronoun CELUI | |
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The Impersonal Pronoun IL | |
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Impersonal Verbs | |
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The Various Uses of QUE | |
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Translation Passage: Senghor, N�gritude et humanisme | |
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The Future and Conditional Tenses/Le Futur Simple Et Le Conditionnel | |
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The Future and Conditional Stem | |
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The Future Tense/Le Futar Simple: Endings | |
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The Near Future/Le Futur Proche | |
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The Conditional Tense/Le Conditionnel | |
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Translation Passage: Aim� C�saire, Cahier d'un retour au pays natal | |
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Present Participles and Imperatives | |
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Present Participles | |
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Imperatives | |
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Negative Imperatives | |
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Imperatives with Disjunctive Pronouns and Object Pronouns; and Reflexive Imperatives | |
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Translation Passage: Louis Riel Journaux de guerre et de prison | |
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The Passive Voice | |
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The Passive Voice Formed by the Past Participle as a Predicate Adjective | |
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Use of Reflexive Verbs to Form the Passive Voice | |
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The Translation of the Subject Pronoun ON and Its Use to Form the Passive Voice | |
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Translation Passage: Marcel Mauss, Essai sur le don | |
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Le Pass� Simple/The Simple Past, or the Past Historic | |
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The Poss� Simple of -ER Verbs | |
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The Pass� Simple of-RE and -IR Verbs | |
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Translation Passage: Louis H�mon, Maria Chapdelaine | |
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Relative and Interrogative Pronouns and Adjectives | |
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Relative Pronouns QUI and QUE | |
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Uses of the Adjective QUEL | |
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The Relative and Prepositional Pronoun LEQUEL; the Prepositional Pronoun QUI | |
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The Relative Pronoun DONT | |
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The Interrogative Pronouns LEQUEL, QUI, and QUE | |
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Questions Formed with Both Interrogative and Relative Pronouns QUI and QUE | |
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Translation Exercise: Michel de Certeau, L'Invention da quotidien | |
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More Compound Tenses | |
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Le Plus-que-patfait/The Pluperfect | |
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LeFutur Ant�rieur/The Future Perfect | |
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Le Conditionnel Pass�/The Conditional Perfect | |
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Le Pass� Ant�rieur | |
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Translation Passage: Montesquieu, Essai sur le go�t | |
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The Causative Faire | |
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The Causative FAIRE, an Idiomatic Construction | |
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Translation Passage: Durkheim, Les Formes �l�mentaires de la vie religieuse | |
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Translation Passage: Claude L�vi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques | |
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Le Subjonctif/The Subjunctive | |
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When Is the Subjunctive Used in French? | |
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The Four Tenses of the Subjunctive | |
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Translation Passage: Moli�re, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme | |
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Translation Passage: Pascal, Pens�es | |
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Modal Verbs and Other Common Idiomatic Verbal Constructions | |
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Modal Verbs | |
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Other Idiomatic Verbal Constructions | |
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Translation Passage: de Tocqueville, De la D�mocratic en Am�rique | |
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Translation Passage: Roland Barthes, Le Plaisir du texte | |
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Changes of Tense with Idioms of Time | |
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DEPUIS | |
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Ilya… Que, �a Fait… Que, Voil�…Que | |
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Translation Passage: Ren� Descartes, M�ditations m�taphysiques | |
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Translation Passage: Marcel Proust, Du C�t� de chez Swann | |
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Common Idiomatic Expressions | |
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TOUT- Grammatical Functions and Meanings | |
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Idioms with TOUT | |
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Aussi; Aussibienque | |
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Combinative Conjunctions ET…ET;OU… OU;SOIT… SOIT;NI…NI | |
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Idioms with METTRE/MIS | |
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The Several Meanings of M�ME | |
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The Several Meanings of SI | |
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The Several Meanings of ENCORE | |
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Translation Passage: Pierre Bourdieu, Pour une Anthropologie r�flexive | |
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Translation Passage: Simone Weil, Les Besoins de l��me | |
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Configurations of the Infinitive | |
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Verbs Followed by the Infinitive | |
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The Infinitive After Prepositions | |
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The Infinitive After the Preposition APR�S | |
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The Infinitive After Adjectives | |
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The Infinitive After Nouns | |
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Translation Passage: Mbembe, “ Notes provisoires sur la postcolonie ” | |
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Some Verb Families | |
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-OIR Verbs | |
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Families of Verbs Whose Members Are All Conjugated in the Same Way | |
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Further Translation Passages | |
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Victor Hugo, Les Mis�rables | |
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Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary | |
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Gabrielle Roy, Bonheur d'occasion | |
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Jean-Paul Sartre, L'Existentialisme est un humanisme | |
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Simone de Beauvoir, Le Deuxi�me Sexe | |
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Albert Camus, Le Mythe de Sisyphe | |
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Paul Ric�ur, Le Conflit des interpr�tations | |
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�douard Glissant, Philosophie de la relation | |
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Roger-Pol Droit, Michel Foucault: Entretiens | |
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Julia Kristeva, Pouvoirs de I'horreur | |
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Nicolas Bourriaud, Radicant: Pour une esth�tique de la globalisation | |
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Michel Tremblay, Le Cahier bleu | |
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Patrick Chamoiseau, Texaco | |
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Abdourahman A. Waberi, Passage des larmes | |
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Appendix | |
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Pronoun Chart | |
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(Indicative) Verb Tense Chart I | |
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(Indicative) Irregular Verb Tense Chart I | |
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(Indicative) Verb Tense Chart II | |
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(Indicative) Irregular Verb Tense Chart II | |
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Index | |