. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany. THE LICHENICOLOUS HYPHOMYCETES 239 Hosts: On Opegrapha species, most commonly O. lyncea (Sm.) Borr. ex Hook, and less frequently on O. atra Pers. Distribution: European, probably rather southern, reflecting the range of the major host. Reliably recorded at least from the British Isles, Czechoslovakia, France and Ireland.. Fig. 26 Milospium graphideorum (IMI 186254). Reproduced from Hawksworth (1975a : 230). XIII. MONOCILLIUM Saksena Indian Phytopath. 8 : 9 (1955). Colonies effuse; mycelium usually superficial, irregularly and frequentl

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. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany. THE LICHENICOLOUS HYPHOMYCETES 239 Hosts: On Opegrapha species, most commonly O. lyncea (Sm.) Borr. ex Hook, and less frequently on O. atra Pers. Distribution: European, probably rather southern, reflecting the range of the major host. Reliably recorded at least from the British Isles, Czechoslovakia, France and Ireland.. Fig. 26 Milospium graphideorum (IMI 186254). Reproduced from Hawksworth (1975a : 230). XIII. MONOCILLIUM Saksena Indian Phytopath. 8 : 9 (1955). Colonies effuse; mycelium usually superficial, irregularly and frequently branched, hyaline or shades of pink. Stroma, setae and hyphopodia absent. Conidiophores semi-macronematous to macronematous, mononematous, ± hyaline, erect and unbranched or sparsely branched at the base, not or sparsely septate. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete, terminal, subcylindrical, the lower portion characteristically with a thickened highly refractive wall, becoming thinner-walled above, sometimes not delimited from the conidiophores by a septum (orthophialides), hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, catenate or adhering in a mass, slimy, hyaline, simple or 1-septate, ellipsoid to obpyriform or almost subglobose, not distinctly truncated basally in most species. Chlamydospores produced in a few species, generally in chains, subglobose, and brown. Type species: Monocillium indicum Saksena. Number of species: About 15. Twelve species were described and figured by Gams (1971 : 151-166) and are mainly saprophytes known from various decaying plant materials, wood and soil. Only one species may be lichenicolous. Perfect state: Several of the species are known to have perfect states, all of them in Niesslia Auersw. 1. Monocillium state of Niesslia cladoniicola D. Hawksw. & W. Gams, in Hawksworth, Kew Bull. 30 : 194 (1975). (Fig. 27) Type: British Isles, Wales, Glamorgan, Merthyr Mawr, on aged podetia of Cladonia rangiformis in sand dunes, 15 September 1973, M