. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 490 THE CAMPANULALES pally North American in its distribution, that has become sepa- rated from the Carduaceae through degeneration. The heads contain a few greatly reduced wind-pollinated flowers that are always imperfect and generally lacking in calyx or corolla, or. Fig. 341. Flowers and fruit of Bidens: A, sectional view of the inflor- escence—-r, ray flowers; d, disc flowers; in, bracts of the involucre. B, disc flower before opening, the shaded region showing the position of the anthers in the corolla—c, calyx in the form of downwardly barbed b

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. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 490 THE CAMPANULALES pally North American in its distribution, that has become sepa- rated from the Carduaceae through degeneration. The heads contain a few greatly reduced wind-pollinated flowers that are always imperfect and generally lacking in calyx or corolla, or. Fig. 341. Flowers and fruit of Bidens: A, sectional view of the inflor- escence—-r, ray flowers; d, disc flowers; in, bracts of the involucre. B, disc flower before opening, the shaded region showing the position of the anthers in the corolla—c, calyx in the form of downwardly barbed bristles; b, bract or chaff associated with the disc flowers. C, early stage in the opening of the flower. The stamens have been lifted beyond the mouth of the opened corolla by the growth of their filaments and the style is elongating, pushing out the spores, which appear in little piles at the top of the anthers. D, last stage in the bloom of flowers. The style has grown beyond the anthers and the stigmatic lobes have reflexed, touching the spore-covered style. E, a sterile ray flower, much less enlarged. F, the fruit, showing the barbed pappus for dissemination.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Curtis, Carlton Clarence, 1864-1945. New York, H. Holt