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Apothecium Black & White Stock Photos
![. First forms of vegetation. Botany; Cryptogams. LICHENS. "3 and minutest lichens. New modes of reproduction are superadded to the primary one; and all these kinds of fructification are sometimes found on one plant at the same time, each of them being capable, under certain conditions, of producing perfect individuals similar to the parent plant. It must not be supposed, however, that they all exercise their functions at one and the same Fig. 8.—Umbilicaria polymorpha.. Section of apothecium and of Ihallus, showing the rhizinse. Section of thallus, showing spermagone. time—for nature is n Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDWMR5/first-forms-of-vegetation-botany-cryptogams-lichens-quot3-and-minutest-lichens-new-modes-of-reproduction-are-superadded-to-the-primary-one-and-all-these-kinds-of-fructification-are-sometimes-found-on-one-plant-at-the-same-time-each-of-them-being-capable-under-certain-conditions-of-producing-perfect-individuals-similar-to-the-parent-plant-it-must-not-be-supposed-however-that-they-all-exercise-their-functions-at-one-and-the-same-fig-8umbilicaria-polymorpha-section-of-apothecium-and-of-ihallus-showing-the-rhizinse-section-of-thallus-showing-spermagone-timefor-nature-is-n-RDWMR5.jpg ". First forms of vegetation. Botany; Cryptogams. LICHENS. "3 and minutest lichens. New modes of reproduction are superadded to the primary one; and all these kinds of fructification are sometimes found on one plant at the same time, each of them being capable, under certain conditions, of producing perfect individuals similar to the parent plant. It must not be supposed, however, that they all exercise their functions at one and the same Fig. 8.—Umbilicaria polymorpha.. Section of apothecium and of Ihallus, showing the rhizinse. Section of thallus, showing spermagone. time—for nature is n Stock Photo")
RMRDWMR5–. First forms of vegetation. Botany; Cryptogams. LICHENS. "3 and minutest lichens. New modes of reproduction are superadded to the primary one; and all these kinds of fructification are sometimes found on one plant at the same time, each of them being capable, under certain conditions, of producing perfect individuals similar to the parent plant. It must not be supposed, however, that they all exercise their functions at one and the same Fig. 8.—Umbilicaria polymorpha.. Section of apothecium and of Ihallus, showing the rhizinse. Section of thallus, showing spermagone. time—for nature is n
RMPG3WDG–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 8. 600 LECIDEA (MYCOBLASTUS) SANGUINARIA Ach. (I. Plant, /). Portion of thallus and apotheoia. c. Vertical section of thalhis. d. Vertical section of apothecium. e. Ascus with spore and paraplijses.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). De
RMRPXNK0–. Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological. Botany. 3io THALLOPHYTES* beneath it; from them is developed the wall of the apothecium. In Ascobolus pulcherrimus the carpogonium consists of a vermiform body, which Tulasne calls the Scolecite, It is a branch of the mycelium, consisting of a row of short cells which are much broader than those of the mycelium. The adjacent threads put out small branches, pollinodia, the terminal cells of which attach themselves firmly to the anterior part of the scolecite. It is subsequently covered over, together with this fertilising organ, by branche
RMPG3YR4–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 208 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS the outset the apothecium is closed, but opens by a circular or transverse split, and the edges are often torn or bent back as distinct lips or lobes. The apothecia are usually tough and leathery. The asci and paraphyses form a very closely adherent layer, in which the paraphyses overlap above the summit of the asci, forming a rather definite epithecium. Rhytisma is the only genus which is here of importance. XVI. THE BLACK SPOT OF MAPLE Rhytisma Acer
RMRE2NJ0–. Elementary botany. Botany. QO PHYSIOLOGY. distinct from that of cither of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two dilTerent organisms is called by some midualism, or symbiosis, ^^'hile the alga inclosed within the meshes of the fungus is not so free to develop, and probably does not attain the full development which it would alone under favorable conditions, still it is. Fig. S6. Section of fruit body or apothecium ()f lichen fpannt^lia), showing asci and spores of the fungus. very likely that it is often preserved from destruction during very dry p
RMPG3YTP–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 193 the surface of the mummied fruits. The fruits upon which this stage appeared had been lightly covered with sandy soil for at least a year. In 1906 this stage was extremely common through- out the West. Conditions seemed to be most favorable for its de- velopment where the fruit had lain for eighteen months in little depressions in the sod, and fairly well covered by grass debris. The stalk or stipe of the apothecium was from .5 to 3 cm. in length, depending upon the
RMRDX302–. Lichens. Lichens. SPERMOGONIA 195 better lighted portions of the thallus. On the fronds of foliose forms, they appear, for instance, on the swollen pustules of Umbilicaria pustulata, while in Lobaria pulmonaria, they are mostly lodged in the ridges that surround the depressions in the thallus. In Parmelia conspersa, Urceolaria (Diplo- schistes) scruposa and some others, they occasionally invade the margins of the apothecium or even the apothecial disc as in Lichina. Forssell' found that a spermogonium had developed among cells of Gloeocapsa that covered the disc of a spent apothecium of Pyre
![. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. ^5 W^' i^"-' % '^^M ^^ i-^:J 1 ^^'^m —. w- : '*,V M '*^^^ Fig. 22.—Pure culture of Dasyscypha ealycina on nutrient gelatine. Fig. 23.—Pure culture on sterilized larch stems showing apothecium.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG44CM/the-fungal-diseases-of-the-common-larch-larches-5-w-iquot-m-i-j-1-m-w-v-m-fig-22pure-culture-of-dasyscypha-ealycina-on-nutrient-gelatine-fig-23pure-culture-on-sterilized-larch-stems-showing-apothecium-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-hiley-w-e-wilfrid-edward-oxford-clarendon-press-PG44CM.jpg ". The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. ^5 W^' i^"-' % '^^M ^^ i-^:J 1 ^^'^m —. w- : '*,V M '*^^^ Fig. 22.—Pure culture of Dasyscypha ealycina on nutrient gelatine. Fig. 23.—Pure culture on sterilized larch stems showing apothecium.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press Stock Photo")
RMPG44CM–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. ^5 W^' i^"-' % '^^M ^^ i-^:J 1 ^^'^m —. w- : '*,V M '*^^^ Fig. 22.—Pure culture of Dasyscypha ealycina on nutrient gelatine. Fig. 23.—Pure culture on sterilized larch stems showing apothecium.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press
![. Lichens. Lichens. i84 REPRODUCTION The " proper margin " reaches its highest development in the lecideine and graphideine types. It is less prominent or often almost entirely replaced when the thalline margin is superadded, except in genera such as Thelotrema and Diploschistes which have distinct " double margins." There is an unusual type of apothecium in the genus Gyrophora. The fruit is lecideine, the thalline gonidia taking no part in the development. The growth of the initial ascogenous tissue, according to Lindau is constantly towards the periphery of the disc so t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX329/lichens-lichens-i84-reproduction-the-quot-proper-margin-quot-reaches-its-highest-development-in-the-lecideine-and-graphideine-types-it-is-less-prominent-or-often-almost-entirely-replaced-when-the-thalline-margin-is-superadded-except-in-genera-such-as-thelotrema-and-diploschistes-which-have-distinct-quot-double-marginsquot-there-is-an-unusual-type-of-apothecium-in-the-genus-gyrophora-the-fruit-is-lecideine-the-thalline-gonidia-taking-no-part-in-the-development-the-growth-of-the-initial-ascogenous-tissue-according-to-lindau-is-constantly-towards-the-periphery-of-the-disc-so-t-RDX329.jpg ". Lichens. Lichens. i84 REPRODUCTION The " proper margin " reaches its highest development in the lecideine and graphideine types. It is less prominent or often almost entirely replaced when the thalline margin is superadded, except in genera such as Thelotrema and Diploschistes which have distinct " double margins." There is an unusual type of apothecium in the genus Gyrophora. The fruit is lecideine, the thalline gonidia taking no part in the development. The growth of the initial ascogenous tissue, according to Lindau is constantly towards the periphery of the disc so t Stock Photo")
RMRDX329–. Lichens. Lichens. i84 REPRODUCTION The " proper margin " reaches its highest development in the lecideine and graphideine types. It is less prominent or often almost entirely replaced when the thalline margin is superadded, except in genera such as Thelotrema and Diploschistes which have distinct " double margins." There is an unusual type of apothecium in the genus Gyrophora. The fruit is lecideine, the thalline gonidia taking no part in the development. The growth of the initial ascogenous tissue, according to Lindau is constantly towards the periphery of the disc so t
RMPG01JY–. The principles of botany, as exemplified in the Cryptogamia. For the use of schools and colleges. Cryptogams; Plant anatomy; 1853. 62 COMPOUND ORGANS OF PLANTS. their surface in the form of dark nuclei or spots; and on the left-hand margin we have a foliaceous lichen, Parmelia con- Fig. 27.. spersa, with its fructification in shields or cups, the cortical matter of the thallus forming a rim or border round the nucleus; 3 is a piece of the thallus of Parmelia oonspersa with a section through the apothecium; 4 is a magnified section of an apotheoium, showing the young asci or sacs which contai
![. Genera lichenum [microform] : an arrangement of the North American lichens. Lichens; Lichens. (236). tions. The two no" ^.o Califoriiiau species already cited, though neither is reriiarkable for anj neculiur consolidation of the powdery vesture con- coaling at first the disk of the young apothecium, fur jish yet some inter- esting features, the examination of which is favoured by the large size of the fruit. In both of these, as soon in section, while the thick, brownish- black hypotheciuin of the proper exciple disappears, or at least loses its colour more or less completely above, eno Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ0GD6/genera-lichenum-microform-an-arrangement-of-the-north-american-lichens-lichens-lichens-236-tions-the-two-noquot-o-califoriiiau-species-already-cited-though-neither-is-reriiarkable-for-anj-neculiur-consolidation-of-the-powdery-vesture-con-coaling-at-first-the-disk-of-the-young-apothecium-fur-jish-yet-some-inter-esting-features-the-examination-of-which-is-favoured-by-the-large-size-of-the-fruit-in-both-of-these-as-soon-in-section-while-the-thick-brownish-black-hypotheciuin-of-the-proper-exciple-disappears-or-at-least-loses-its-colour-more-or-less-completely-above-eno-RJ0GD6.jpg ". Genera lichenum [microform] : an arrangement of the North American lichens. Lichens; Lichens. (236). tions. The two no" ^.o Califoriiiau species already cited, though neither is reriiarkable for anj neculiur consolidation of the powdery vesture con- coaling at first the disk of the young apothecium, fur jish yet some inter- esting features, the examination of which is favoured by the large size of the fruit. In both of these, as soon in section, while the thick, brownish- black hypotheciuin of the proper exciple disappears, or at least loses its colour more or less completely above, eno Stock Photo")
RMRJ0GD6–. Genera lichenum [microform] : an arrangement of the North American lichens. Lichens; Lichens. (236). tions. The two no" ^.o Califoriiiau species already cited, though neither is reriiarkable for anj neculiur consolidation of the powdery vesture con- coaling at first the disk of the young apothecium, fur jish yet some inter- esting features, the examination of which is favoured by the large size of the fruit. In both of these, as soon in section, while the thick, brownish- black hypotheciuin of the proper exciple disappears, or at least loses its colour more or less completely above, eno
RMPG44E7–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. 38 THE LARCH CANKER A section through a ripe apothecium shows the lower portion, or excipulum, differentiated into two parts. The outer (lower) portion, or cortex (fig. 17, c), is composed of a mass of closely interwoven and rather swollen hyphae of firm texture. The middle portion is made up of hyphae which are much less closely interwoven. The hard cortex not only prevents loss of water from the apothecium, but also assists in closing it in dry weather. For on drying the central portion contracts more than the cortex, and this. Fig. 17.—Se
RMRE1EYE–. The elements of structural botany with special reference to the study of Canadian plants ... Plant physiology; Plant anatomy. CHARA. 203 The question as to the origin of the gonidia is not yet settled. 353. The Structure of the apothecium is very well shown in Fig. 253. From the hyphse are developed large, club-shaped, vertical cells (the asci) whicli penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hyphse (the paraj>hysesy. In the asci arise the spores (technically, ascogpores), usually eight in each, and these when mature are discharged from the asci, and give rise to new plants.
RMPG4DFY–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER XII: SPORE-SAC FUNGI— ASCOMYCETES All the fungi which belong in the class Ascomycetes de- velop their spores in little membranous sacs called asci. These asci are, as a rule, collected, together with slender empty asci, called para- physes, in variously shaped bodies, known in different orders by different names, such as perithecium, ascoma, apothecium, and receptacle. This class includes in its numbers individua
RMRDXT18–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 83. Section through apothecium found on leaf; the asci, ascospores and mycelium. Combs.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Pammel, L. H. (Louis Hermann), 1862-1931. Cedar Rapids, Ia. , The Torch Press
RMPG3WC8–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 14 I I. rjEC!IOGRAPHA PARASITICA Massal. a. Plant on lichen. 6. Portion of host and apothecia. c. Vertical section of apothecium. d. Ascus and paraphysis. e. Spores,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Mor
![. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. OHARA. 203 The (juesfcion as to the origin of the gonidia is not yet settled. 353. The structure of the apothecium is very well shown in Fig. 253. From the hyphae are developed large, club-shaped, vertical cells (the cusci) which penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hy^^hae (the paraiihyse^). In the asci arise the spores (technically, ascoxpores), usually eight in each, and th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ2GW1/the-elements-of-structural-botany-microform-with-special-reference-to-the-study-of-canadian-plants-to-which-is-added-a-selection-of-examination-papers-plant-anatomy-botany-plantes-botanique-ohara-203-the-juesfcion-as-to-the-origin-of-the-gonidia-is-not-yet-settled-353-the-structure-of-the-apothecium-is-very-well-shown-in-fig-253-from-the-hyphae-are-developed-large-club-shaped-vertical-cells-the-cusci-which-penetrate-between-the-narrower-vertical-branches-of-the-hyhae-the-paraiihyse-in-the-asci-arise-the-spores-technically-ascoxpores-usually-eight-in-each-and-th-RJ2GW1.jpg ". The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. OHARA. 203 The (juesfcion as to the origin of the gonidia is not yet settled. 353. The structure of the apothecium is very well shown in Fig. 253. From the hyphae are developed large, club-shaped, vertical cells (the cusci) which penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hy^^hae (the paraiihyse^). In the asci arise the spores (technically, ascoxpores), usually eight in each, and th Stock Photo")
RMRJ2GW1–. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. OHARA. 203 The (juesfcion as to the origin of the gonidia is not yet settled. 353. The structure of the apothecium is very well shown in Fig. 253. From the hyphae are developed large, club-shaped, vertical cells (the cusci) which penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hy^^hae (the paraiihyse^). In the asci arise the spores (technically, ascoxpores), usually eight in each, and th
RMPG3W95–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 22. X 500 X500 LITHOGRAPHA TESSEIIATA JSfyl. a. Plant on rock. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus, d. Vertical section of apothecium. c. Ascus and paraphysi /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History).
RMRDYFYA–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 8o MORPHOLOGY the Irichogyne. The spermatia have been found attached to the ex- posed tip of the trichogyne, with their nuclei gone; so that discharge and nuclear fusion seem to be safe in- ferences. The archi- carp then enlarges and divides, becom- ing transformed into the ascogonium, from which arise the usual ascogenoushy- phae. From hyphae beneath the asco- FlG. Tqo. — Anaplychia: section of an apothecium of a gonium the Sterile lichen, showing the hymenium made up of asci and para- branches arise that physes overlying the in
RMPG3WBD–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 17. LOPADIUM PEZIZOIPEUM Koerh. u L L ^ Plant on n,oss b. Portion of thallu« and apothecia. c. Vertical section d 'f If If thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. .. Ascus with spore and paraphysis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History)
RMRE1N7H–. Elementary botany. Botany. 3i8 ECOLOG Y. 598. Others regard the lichens as autonomous plants, that is, the two or- ganisms have by this long-continued community of existence become unified into an individualized organism, which possesses a habit and mode of life. Fig. 419. Section of fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), sliowing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some mutualism^ or symbiosis. Nitrogen' gatherers. 599. How clovers, peas, and
RMPG3W6W–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 28. X 500 GRAPHIS BLBGANS Ach. a. Plant on bark. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. c. Ascus and paraphysis /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botan
RMRDTG92–. Elementary botany. Botany. Sfflg? >i -£ Fig. 419. Section of fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), showing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some mutualisjn, or symbiosis. Nitrogen gatherers. 599. How clovers, peas, and other legumes gather nitrogen.—It has long been known that clover plants, peas, beans, and many other leguminous plants are often able to thrive in soil where the cereals do but poorly. Soil poor in nitrogenous plant food
RMPG3W8B–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. XlOO XYLOGBAPHA PARALLELA Nyl. a. Plant on wood. h. Protruding apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus and apothecium. d. Ascus and paraphysis. t:. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Morrison, 1833-190
RMRDE6MY–. The principles of botany, as exemplified in the Cryptogamia. For the use of schools and colleges. Cryptogams; Plant anatomy; 1853. 62 COMPOUND ORGANS OF PLANTS. their surface in the form of dark nuclei or spots; and on the left-hand margin we have a foliaceous lichen, Parmelia con- Fig. 27.. spersa, with its fructification in shields or cups, the cortical matter of the thallus forming a rim or border round the nucleus; 3 is a piece of the thallus of Parmelia oonspersa with a section through the apothecium; 4 is a magnified section of an apotheoium, showing the young asci or sacs which contai
![. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I68 MYCOLOGY dark brown to paler brown apothecium, i to 4 cm. across and almost stemless. P. wruginosa is a stalked, green form whose mycelium pene- trates the wood of beeches and oaks and imparts to them a copper- green color, which makes it valuable for the manufacture of the famous "Tunbridge ware." The attempt has been made to extract the pig- ment, or to manufacture it synthetically for use as a shingle stain, but without much success. P- WillkommiipToduces on larch trees Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4538/a-text-book-of-mycology-and-plant-pathology-plant-diseases-fungi-in-agriculture-plant-diseases-fungi-i68-mycology-dark-brown-to-paler-brown-apothecium-i-to-4-cm-across-and-almost-stemless-p-wruginosa-is-a-stalked-green-form-whose-mycelium-pene-trates-the-wood-of-beeches-and-oaks-and-imparts-to-them-a-copper-green-color-which-makes-it-valuable-for-the-manufacture-of-the-famous-quottunbridge-warequot-the-attempt-has-been-made-to-extract-the-pig-ment-or-to-manufacture-it-synthetically-for-use-as-a-shingle-stain-but-without-much-success-p-willkommiiptoduces-on-larch-trees-PG4538.jpg ". A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I68 MYCOLOGY dark brown to paler brown apothecium, i to 4 cm. across and almost stemless. P. wruginosa is a stalked, green form whose mycelium pene- trates the wood of beeches and oaks and imparts to them a copper- green color, which makes it valuable for the manufacture of the famous "Tunbridge ware." The attempt has been made to extract the pig- ment, or to manufacture it synthetically for use as a shingle stain, but without much success. P- WillkommiipToduces on larch trees Stock Photo")
RMPG4538–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I68 MYCOLOGY dark brown to paler brown apothecium, i to 4 cm. across and almost stemless. P. wruginosa is a stalked, green form whose mycelium pene- trates the wood of beeches and oaks and imparts to them a copper- green color, which makes it valuable for the manufacture of the famous "Tunbridge ware." The attempt has been made to extract the pig- ment, or to manufacture it synthetically for use as a shingle stain, but without much success. P- WillkommiipToduces on larch trees
![. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. ^5 W^' i^"-' % '^^M ^^ i-^:J 1 ^^'^m —. w- : '*,V M '*^^^ Fig. 22.—Pure culture of Dasyscypha ealycina on nutrient gelatine. Fig. 23.—Pure culture on sterilized larch stems showing apothecium.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE1J5/the-fungal-diseases-of-the-common-larch-larches-5-w-iquot-m-i-j-1-m-w-v-m-fig-22pure-culture-of-dasyscypha-ealycina-on-nutrient-gelatine-fig-23pure-culture-on-sterilized-larch-stems-showing-apothecium-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-hiley-w-e-wilfrid-edward-oxford-clarendon-press-RDE1J5.jpg ". The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. ^5 W^' i^"-' % '^^M ^^ i-^:J 1 ^^'^m —. w- : '*,V M '*^^^ Fig. 22.—Pure culture of Dasyscypha ealycina on nutrient gelatine. Fig. 23.—Pure culture on sterilized larch stems showing apothecium.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press Stock Photo")
RMRDE1J5–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. ^5 W^' i^"-' % '^^M ^^ i-^:J 1 ^^'^m —. w- : '*,V M '*^^^ Fig. 22.—Pure culture of Dasyscypha ealycina on nutrient gelatine. Fig. 23.—Pure culture on sterilized larch stems showing apothecium.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 62 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. When covered, the chamber in which they are borne is called a perithecium, Fig. 39; when on an open disk the disk is called an apothecium, Fig. 101. According to their length of life spores are classed as: 1. rest- ing spores whose function is to tide over unfavorable conditions, hence the common name ''^ "winter spore," and in contradistinction: 2. "Summer spores" which are produced in abun- dance in warm weather, germinate immediately, and can ordinarily live but a short Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4H4N/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-62-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-when-covered-the-chamber-in-which-they-are-borne-is-called-a-perithecium-fig-39-when-on-an-open-disk-the-disk-is-called-an-apothecium-fig-101-according-to-their-length-of-life-spores-are-classed-as-1-rest-ing-spores-whose-function-is-to-tide-over-unfavorable-conditions-hence-the-common-name-quotwinter-sporequot-and-in-contradistinction-2-quotsummer-sporesquot-which-are-produced-in-abun-dance-in-warm-weather-germinate-immediately-and-can-ordinarily-live-but-a-short-PG4H4N.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 62 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. When covered, the chamber in which they are borne is called a perithecium, Fig. 39; when on an open disk the disk is called an apothecium, Fig. 101. According to their length of life spores are classed as: 1. rest- ing spores whose function is to tide over unfavorable conditions, hence the common name ''^ "winter spore," and in contradistinction: 2. "Summer spores" which are produced in abun- dance in warm weather, germinate immediately, and can ordinarily live but a short Stock Photo")
RMPG4H4N–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 62 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. When covered, the chamber in which they are borne is called a perithecium, Fig. 39; when on an open disk the disk is called an apothecium, Fig. 101. According to their length of life spores are classed as: 1. rest- ing spores whose function is to tide over unfavorable conditions, hence the common name ''^ "winter spore," and in contradistinction: 2. "Summer spores" which are produced in abun- dance in warm weather, germinate immediately, and can ordinarily live but a short
RMRDJFF1–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 193 the surface of the mummied fruits. The fruits upon which this stage appeared had been lightly covered with sandy soil for at least a year. In 1906 this stage was extremely common through- out the West. Conditions seemed to be most favorable for its de- velopment where the fruit had lain for eighteen months in little depressions in the sod, and fairly well covered by grass debris. The stalk or stipe of the apothecium was from .5 to 3 cm. in length, depending upon the
RMPG3W9Y–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. ra XllO. X2000 X 1000 X 500 PLATYGRAPHA PEBICLEA Nyl. a Plant on bark. h. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical Kection of apothecium. e. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History
![. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. CHARA. 203 The question as to tho origin of the gonidis is not yet settled. 353. The structure of the apothecium is very well sliown in Fig. 253. From tlie hyphie are develojied large, club-shaped, vertical colls (the asci) which penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hyphae (the paraph f/!^cs). In the asci arise the spores (technically, as('ox}>ores)^ usually eight in each, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ2GWY/the-elements-of-structural-botany-microform-with-special-reference-to-the-study-of-canadian-plants-to-which-is-added-a-selection-of-examination-papers-plant-anatomy-botany-plantes-botanique-chara-203-the-question-as-to-tho-origin-of-the-gonidis-is-not-yet-settled-353-the-structure-of-the-apothecium-is-very-well-sliown-in-fig-253-from-tlie-hyphie-are-develojied-large-club-shaped-vertical-colls-the-asci-which-penetrate-between-the-narrower-vertical-branches-of-the-hyphae-the-paraph-f!cs-in-the-asci-arise-the-spores-technically-asoxgtores-usually-eight-in-each-RJ2GWY.jpg ". The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. CHARA. 203 The question as to tho origin of the gonidis is not yet settled. 353. The structure of the apothecium is very well sliown in Fig. 253. From tlie hyphie are develojied large, club-shaped, vertical colls (the asci) which penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hyphae (the paraph f/!^cs). In the asci arise the spores (technically, as('ox}>ores)^ usually eight in each, Stock Photo")
RMRJ2GWY–. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants, to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Plantes; Botanique. CHARA. 203 The question as to tho origin of the gonidis is not yet settled. 353. The structure of the apothecium is very well sliown in Fig. 253. From tlie hyphie are develojied large, club-shaped, vertical colls (the asci) which penetrate between the narrower vertical branches of the hyphae (the paraph f/!^cs). In the asci arise the spores (technically, as('ox}>ores)^ usually eight in each,
RMPG3YT2–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 203 XII. MOLLISIACE^E This family differs from the Helotiaceae largely in texture, the former being tougher, and as a rule made up of hyphal cells modified in a prosenchymatic or fibrous manner. The spores are hyaline and very similar to those of the Helotiacese. The only genus of importance in producing plant diseases is Pseudopeziza.. Fig. 77 a. Alfalfa Leaf Spot. (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) Pseudopeziza. In this genus the apothecium is formed beneath the epidermis,
RMREXDAP–. Lichens. Lichens. LICHEN ASCI AND SPORES 187 than in fungi; in many instances some or all of the spores in the ascus are imperfectly formed, and the full complement is frequently lacking, possibly owing to some occurrence of adverse conditions during the long slow development of the apothecium. In the larger number of genera and species the spores are small bodies, but in some, as for instance in the Pertusariae and in some Pyrenocarpeae, they exceed in size all known fungus spores. In Varicellaria microsticta, a rare crustaceous lichen of high moun- tains, the solitary i-septate spore measu
RMPG3WC9–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 13. XGOO BUELLIA MYRIOCABPA Mudd a. Plant on wood. h. Portion of thallus and apothooia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. e. Ascus and paraphysis /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Bo
RMRDJFCP–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 208 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS the outset the apothecium is closed, but opens by a circular or transverse split, and the edges are often torn or bent back as distinct lips or lobes. The apothecia are usually tough and leathery. The asci and paraphyses form a very closely adherent layer, in which the paraphyses overlap above the summit of the asci, forming a rather definite epithecium. Rhytisma is the only genus which is here of importance. XVI. THE BLACK SPOT OF MAPLE Rhytisma Acer
RMPG3W67–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. XodO GEAPHINA SOPHISTICA Muell. Arg. 1.1.1. a. Plant on balk. h. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vevtieal section ol ol 0 of thallus. li. A'ertical section of apothecium. c. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural Histor
RMRDTP2Y–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 53. Hiimaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc.; hymenial layer showing asci and paraphyses in various stages of develop- ment, X 400. Fig. 54. Mitrula laricina Mass.; development and ejection of biseriate spores, x 600. This typically discomycetous ascocarp or apothecium, which is well seen in the Pezizales, may be connected in one direction, through the Patel- lariaceae and their allies, with the fructifications of the Phacidiales, which are partly closed with a more or less stellate aperture, and with the characteristic- ally elongated fructifi
![. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4220/comparative-morphology-and-biology-of-the-fungi-mycetozoa-and-bacteria-plant-morphology-fungi-myxomycetes-bacteriology-fquot-i-fig-89-lecauora-subfiitca-median-section-through-a-young-apothecium-swollen-up-in-ammonia-somewhat-diagranunatically-represented-h-h-hymenium-e-excipulum-from-which-spring-the-paraphyses-represented-by-strokes-run-ning-vertically-towards-h-sh-ascogenous-hyphae-givmg-rise-to-the-asci-r-lind-9n-medullary-layer-of-the-thallus-which-forms-a-rim-round-the-excipulum-the-round-bodies-are-the-algal-cells-contained-m-the-thallus-magn-190-tunes-this-is-PG4220.jpg ". Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo")
RMPG4220–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is
RMRDTJ2E–. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology. Botany. 506 ILLTJSTKATIONS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. the upper they draw their nourishment directly from the air. The fructification is in cups, or shields (apotkecid),'resting on the surface of the thallus, or more or less immersed in its substance, or else in pulverulent spots scattered over the surface. A magnified section through an apothecium (Fig. 1324) brings to view a stratum of elongated sacs (asci), with filaments intermixed, as seen detached and highly magnified at Fig. 1325. Each asms, or sac, contains a few
RMPG3WBF–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 16. XfiOO BOMBYLIOSPORA PACHYCARPA Massal. a a (> a. Plant on moss. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section 0 0 0 of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. c, Ascus with spore and paraphyses.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Na
RMRDTG96–. Elementary botany. Botany. 3i8 F.COLOG V. 598. Others regard the lichens as autonomous plants, that is, the two or-' ganisms have by this long-continued community of existence become unified into an individualized organism, which possesses a habit and mode of life. Sfflg? >i -£ Fig. 419. Section of fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), showing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some mutualisjn, or symbiosis. Nitrogen gatherers. 599. How c
RMPG4589–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 8o MYCOtOGY. Fig. 26.—A foliaceous lichen, Parmelia perlata. i, Plant slightly reduced in size; a, apothecia; b, lobe of thallus; c, patches of soredia; 2, longitudinal section of apothecium and cross-section of thallus; o, ascus; b, c, hypothecium; d. upper gonidial (upper algal) layer; e, medullary layer; /, lower gonidial layer; g, lower cortical layer; I, 3, cross-section of vegetative thallus. (From Gager. After Schneider.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
RMRE1N73–. Elementary botany. Botany. Fig. 419. Section of fruit body or apothecium of lichen (parmelia), sliowing asci and spores of the fungus. distinct from that of either of the organisms forming the component parts. This community of existence between two different organisms is called by some mutualism^ or symbiosis. Nitrogen' gatherers. 599. How clovers, peas, and other legumes gather nitrogen.âIt has long been known that clover plants, peas, beans, and many other leguminous plants are often able to thrive in soil where the cereals do but poorly. Soil poor in nitrogenous plant food becomes richer
![. Lichens. Lichens. DEVELOPMENT OF APOTHECIA 183 ^^^. wall or " proper margin " round the spore-bearing disc. The branching of the hyphae is fastigiate with compact shorter branches at the exterior. In such an apothecium gonidia are ab- sent both below thehypothecium and in the margins. In lecanorine development the ascending hyphae from the medulla, in some cases, carry with them algal cells which multiply and spread as a second gonidial layer under the hypo- thecium (Fig. 102). These hyphae may also spread in a radial direction while still within the thallus and give rise to an &qu Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX32C/lichens-lichens-development-of-apothecia-183-wall-or-quot-proper-margin-quot-round-the-spore-bearing-disc-the-branching-of-the-hyphae-is-fastigiate-with-compact-shorter-branches-at-the-exterior-in-such-an-apothecium-gonidia-are-ab-sent-both-below-thehypothecium-and-in-the-margins-in-lecanorine-development-the-ascending-hyphae-from-the-medulla-in-some-cases-carry-with-them-algal-cells-which-multiply-and-spread-as-a-second-gonidial-layer-under-the-hypo-thecium-fig-102-these-hyphae-may-also-spread-in-a-radial-direction-while-still-within-the-thallus-and-give-rise-to-an-qu-RDX32C.jpg ". Lichens. Lichens. DEVELOPMENT OF APOTHECIA 183 ^^^. wall or " proper margin " round the spore-bearing disc. The branching of the hyphae is fastigiate with compact shorter branches at the exterior. In such an apothecium gonidia are ab- sent both below thehypothecium and in the margins. In lecanorine development the ascending hyphae from the medulla, in some cases, carry with them algal cells which multiply and spread as a second gonidial layer under the hypo- thecium (Fig. 102). These hyphae may also spread in a radial direction while still within the thallus and give rise to an &qu Stock Photo")
RMRDX32C–. Lichens. Lichens. DEVELOPMENT OF APOTHECIA 183 ^^^. wall or " proper margin " round the spore-bearing disc. The branching of the hyphae is fastigiate with compact shorter branches at the exterior. In such an apothecium gonidia are ab- sent both below thehypothecium and in the margins. In lecanorine development the ascending hyphae from the medulla, in some cases, carry with them algal cells which multiply and spread as a second gonidial layer under the hypo- thecium (Fig. 102). These hyphae may also spread in a radial direction while still within the thallus and give rise to an &qu
RMRDTPM9–. Lichens. Lichens. STRATOSE THALLUS 85 gelatinous lichens in which the tips of the hyphae are cut off at the surface by one or more septa. The resulting cells are wider than the hyphae and they cohere together to form, in some species, disconnected patches of cells; in others, a continuous cortical covering one or more cells thick, while in the margin of the apothecium they form a deep cellular layer. The cellular type of cortex is found also, as already stated, in some crustaceous Pertu- sariae, and in a few squamulose genera or species. It forms the uppermost layer of the Peltigera thallus
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] HELVELLALES 129 In Sphaerosoma the ascophore is more or less sunk in the substratum, and is attached by rooting hyphae which are sometimes grouped on a short pedicel. It is concave when young, but later forms an irregularly globose mass over the upper surface of which the hymenium is spread (fig. 89). It resembles, in fact, a Peziza which becomes very much reflexed at maturity. In Sph. Janczewskianum (fig. 88), a large Fig. 89. Sphaerosoma fuscescens (Klotz.) oogonial cell has been recognized from Roup.; apothecium, x6; after Roup- wh Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNME/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-iv-helvellales-129-in-sphaerosoma-the-ascophore-is-more-or-less-sunk-in-the-substratum-and-is-attached-by-rooting-hyphae-which-are-sometimes-grouped-on-a-short-pedicel-it-is-concave-when-young-but-later-forms-an-irregularly-globose-mass-over-the-upper-surface-of-which-the-hymenium-is-spread-fig-89-it-resembles-in-fact-a-peziza-which-becomes-very-much-reflexed-at-maturity-in-sph-janczewskianum-fig-88-a-large-fig-89-sphaerosoma-fuscescens-klotz-oogonial-cell-has-been-recognized-from-roup-apothecium-x6-after-roup-wh-RDTNME.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] HELVELLALES 129 In Sphaerosoma the ascophore is more or less sunk in the substratum, and is attached by rooting hyphae which are sometimes grouped on a short pedicel. It is concave when young, but later forms an irregularly globose mass over the upper surface of which the hymenium is spread (fig. 89). It resembles, in fact, a Peziza which becomes very much reflexed at maturity. In Sph. Janczewskianum (fig. 88), a large Fig. 89. Sphaerosoma fuscescens (Klotz.) oogonial cell has been recognized from Roup.; apothecium, x6; after Roup- wh Stock Photo")
RMRDTNME–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] HELVELLALES 129 In Sphaerosoma the ascophore is more or less sunk in the substratum, and is attached by rooting hyphae which are sometimes grouped on a short pedicel. It is concave when young, but later forms an irregularly globose mass over the upper surface of which the hymenium is spread (fig. 89). It resembles, in fact, a Peziza which becomes very much reflexed at maturity. In Sph. Janczewskianum (fig. 88), a large Fig. 89. Sphaerosoma fuscescens (Klotz.) oogonial cell has been recognized from Roup.; apothecium, x6; after Roup- wh
RMRDJE05–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 28. X 500 GRAPHIS BLBGANS Ach. a. Plant on bark. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. c. Ascus and paraphysis /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botan
RMRDJFE2–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 203 XII. MOLLISIACE^E This family differs from the Helotiaceae largely in texture, the former being tougher, and as a rule made up of hyphal cells modified in a prosenchymatic or fibrous manner. The spores are hyaline and very similar to those of the Helotiacese. The only genus of importance in producing plant diseases is Pseudopeziza.. Fig. 77 a. Alfalfa Leaf Spot. (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) Pseudopeziza. In this genus the apothecium is formed beneath the epidermis,
![. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I68 MYCOLOGY dark brown to paler brown apothecium, i to 4 cm. across and almost stemless. P. wruginosa is a stalked, green form whose mycelium pene- trates the wood of beeches and oaks and imparts to them a copper- green color, which makes it valuable for the manufacture of the famous "Tunbridge ware." The attempt has been made to extract the pig- ment, or to manufacture it synthetically for use as a shingle stain, but without much success. P- WillkommiipToduces on larch trees Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDEFHM/a-text-book-of-mycology-and-plant-pathology-plant-diseases-fungi-in-agriculture-plant-diseases-fungi-i68-mycology-dark-brown-to-paler-brown-apothecium-i-to-4-cm-across-and-almost-stemless-p-wruginosa-is-a-stalked-green-form-whose-mycelium-pene-trates-the-wood-of-beeches-and-oaks-and-imparts-to-them-a-copper-green-color-which-makes-it-valuable-for-the-manufacture-of-the-famous-quottunbridge-warequot-the-attempt-has-been-made-to-extract-the-pig-ment-or-to-manufacture-it-synthetically-for-use-as-a-shingle-stain-but-without-much-success-p-willkommiiptoduces-on-larch-trees-RDEFHM.jpg ". A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I68 MYCOLOGY dark brown to paler brown apothecium, i to 4 cm. across and almost stemless. P. wruginosa is a stalked, green form whose mycelium pene- trates the wood of beeches and oaks and imparts to them a copper- green color, which makes it valuable for the manufacture of the famous "Tunbridge ware." The attempt has been made to extract the pig- ment, or to manufacture it synthetically for use as a shingle stain, but without much success. P- WillkommiipToduces on larch trees Stock Photo")
RMRDEFHM–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. I68 MYCOLOGY dark brown to paler brown apothecium, i to 4 cm. across and almost stemless. P. wruginosa is a stalked, green form whose mycelium pene- trates the wood of beeches and oaks and imparts to them a copper- green color, which makes it valuable for the manufacture of the famous "Tunbridge ware." The attempt has been made to extract the pig- ment, or to manufacture it synthetically for use as a shingle stain, but without much success. P- WillkommiipToduces on larch trees
RMRE3M79–. Introduction to cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY. 405 which is remarkable for its hispid apothecia, occurs at the Cape of Good Hope. Pyxine requires a warm temperature.. Fig. 85. a. Ozocladium Leprieurii, Mont., from above and below witli asci. Magnified. Communicated by Dr. Montagne. b. Section of apothecium of Oyrophora cj/Undrica, Moug. and Nest., No. 69. c. Ditto of Umhilicaria pustulata, with asci and paraphyses.* Moug. and Nest., No. 60. All more or less magnified. 5. CoccocARPEi, Mont. Disc expanded, orbicular, springing immediately from the medullary
RMRDET8D–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER XII: SPORE-SAC FUNGI— ASCOMYCETES All the fungi which belong in the class Ascomycetes de- velop their spores in little membranous sacs called asci. These asci are, as a rule, collected, together with slender empty asci, called para- physes, in variously shaped bodies, known in different orders by different names, such as perithecium, ascoma, apothecium, and receptacle. This class includes in its numbers individua
RMRDJE4F–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 22. X 500 X500 LITHOGRAPHA TESSEIIATA JSfyl. a. Plant on rock. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus, d. Vertical section of apothecium. c. Ascus and paraphysi /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History).
RMRE1RFJ–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER XII: SPORE-SAC FUNGI— ASCOMYCETES All the fungi which belong in the class Ascomycetes de- velop their spores in little membranous sacs called asci. These asci are, as a rule, collected, together with slender empty asci, called para- physes, in variously shaped bodies, known in different orders by different names, such as perithecium, ascoma, apothecium, and receptacle. This class includes in
RMRDX32X–. Lichens. Lichens. REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 171 till a later stage. By continual growth in thickness of the overlying thallus, the apothecia gradually become submerged and tend to degenerate; meanwhile, however, a branch from the ascogonial hyphae at the base of the hymenium pushes up along one side and forms a secondary ascogonial cell-plexus over the top of the first-formed disc. A new apothecium thus arises and remains sporiferous until it also comes to lie in too deep a position, when the process is repeated. Sometimes the regenerating hypha travels to the right or left away from the
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 62 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. When covered, the chamber in which they are borne is called a perithecium, Fig. 39; when on an open disk the disk is called an apothecium, Fig. 101. According to their length of life spores are classed as: 1. rest- ing spores whose function is to tide over unfavorable conditions, hence the common name ''^ "winter spore," and in contradistinction: 2. "Summer spores" which are produced in abun- dance in warm weather, germinate immediately, and can ordinarily live but a short Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE73X/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-62-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-when-covered-the-chamber-in-which-they-are-borne-is-called-a-perithecium-fig-39-when-on-an-open-disk-the-disk-is-called-an-apothecium-fig-101-according-to-their-length-of-life-spores-are-classed-as-1-rest-ing-spores-whose-function-is-to-tide-over-unfavorable-conditions-hence-the-common-name-quotwinter-sporequot-and-in-contradistinction-2-quotsummer-sporesquot-which-are-produced-in-abun-dance-in-warm-weather-germinate-immediately-and-can-ordinarily-live-but-a-short-RDE73X.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 62 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. When covered, the chamber in which they are borne is called a perithecium, Fig. 39; when on an open disk the disk is called an apothecium, Fig. 101. According to their length of life spores are classed as: 1. rest- ing spores whose function is to tide over unfavorable conditions, hence the common name ''^ "winter spore," and in contradistinction: 2. "Summer spores" which are produced in abun- dance in warm weather, germinate immediately, and can ordinarily live but a short Stock Photo")
RMRDE73X–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 62 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. When covered, the chamber in which they are borne is called a perithecium, Fig. 39; when on an open disk the disk is called an apothecium, Fig. 101. According to their length of life spores are classed as: 1. rest- ing spores whose function is to tide over unfavorable conditions, hence the common name ''^ "winter spore," and in contradistinction: 2. "Summer spores" which are produced in abun- dance in warm weather, germinate immediately, and can ordinarily live but a short
RMRDJE8K–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 17. LOPADIUM PEZIZOIPEUM Koerh. u L L ^ Plant on n,oss b. Portion of thallu« and apothecia. c. Vertical section d 'f If If thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. .. Ascus with spore and paraphysis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History)
RMRDJEA4–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 13. XGOO BUELLIA MYRIOCABPA Mudd a. Plant on wood. h. Portion of thallus and apothooia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. e. Ascus and paraphysis /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Bo
RMRDE1M9–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. 38 THE LARCH CANKER A section through a ripe apothecium shows the lower portion, or excipulum, differentiated into two parts. The outer (lower) portion, or cortex (fig. 17, c), is composed of a mass of closely interwoven and rather swollen hyphae of firm texture. The middle portion is made up of hyphae which are much less closely interwoven. The hard cortex not only prevents loss of water from the apothecium, but also assists in closing it in dry weather. For on drying the central portion contracts more than the cortex, and this. Fig. 17.—Se
RMRDXTGG–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. CHAPTER XII: SPORE-SAC FUNGI— ASCOMYCETES All the fungi which belong in the class Ascomycetes de- velop their spores in little membranous sacs called asci. These asci are, as a rule, collected, together with slender empty asci, called para- physes, in variously shaped bodies, known in different orders by different names, such as perithecium, ascoma, apothecium, and receptacle. This class includes in
RMRDJE3B–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. XlOO XYLOGBAPHA PARALLELA Nyl. a. Plant on wood. h. Protruding apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus and apothecium. d. Ascus and paraphysis. t:. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Morrison, 1833-190
RMRDJE62–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. ra XllO. X2000 X 1000 X 500 PLATYGRAPHA PEBICLEA Nyl. a Plant on bark. h. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical Kection of apothecium. e. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History
![. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants : to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Botanique; Botanique. Fij,'. 241). 351. Lichens. Tln-so plimts may 1h5 found growing on the bark of trees, on old fences, on rooks, (jr on the gioiuid. Tliey diller widely in cxturnid j»ppeiiriinc; c, the thallus; the rounded bodies at the siuninit are the apothecia. lThoni6.) Fig. 250.—A foliaceoug Lichen growing on a stone ; natural size. (Gray.) Fig. 251. —Section of an apothecium. (Gray.). Fig. 250.. Please no Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ0XBA/the-elements-of-structural-botany-microform-with-special-reference-to-the-study-of-canadian-plants-to-which-is-added-a-selection-of-examination-papers-plant-anatomy-botany-botanique-botanique-fij-241-351-lichens-tln-so-plimts-may-1h5-found-growing-on-the-bark-of-trees-on-old-fences-on-rooks-jr-on-the-gioiuid-tliey-diller-widely-in-cxturnid-jppeiiriinc-c-the-thallus-the-rounded-bodies-at-the-siuninit-are-the-apothecia-lthoni6-fig-250a-foliaceoug-lichen-growing-on-a-stone-natural-size-gray-fig-251-section-of-an-apothecium-gray-fig-250-please-no-RJ0XBA.jpg ". The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants : to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Botanique; Botanique. Fij,'. 241). 351. Lichens. Tln-so plimts may 1h5 found growing on the bark of trees, on old fences, on rooks, (jr on the gioiuid. Tliey diller widely in cxturnid j»ppeiiriinc; c, the thallus; the rounded bodies at the siuninit are the apothecia. lThoni6.) Fig. 250.—A foliaceoug Lichen growing on a stone ; natural size. (Gray.) Fig. 251. —Section of an apothecium. (Gray.). Fig. 250.. Please no Stock Photo")
RMRJ0XBA–. The elements of structural botany [microform] : with special reference to the study of Canadian plants : to which is added a selection of examination papers. Plant anatomy; Botany; Botanique; Botanique. Fij,'. 241). 351. Lichens. Tln-so plimts may 1h5 found growing on the bark of trees, on old fences, on rooks, (jr on the gioiuid. Tliey diller widely in cxturnid j»ppeiiriinc; c, the thallus; the rounded bodies at the siuninit are the apothecia. lThoni6.) Fig. 250.—A foliaceoug Lichen growing on a stone ; natural size. (Gray.) Fig. 251. —Section of an apothecium. (Gray.). Fig. 250.. Please no
RMRDJE8Y–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 16. XfiOO BOMBYLIOSPORA PACHYCARPA Massal. a a (> a. Plant on moss. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section 0 0 0 of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. c, Ascus with spore and paraphyses.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Na
RMRE093R–. A manual of structural botany; an introductory textbook for students of science and pharmacy. Plant morphology. 214 GENERAL CHARACTERS OF CRYPTOGAMS a sporophyte (Fig. 596, .5, t, c), which is the Capsule. These ripened spores, in turn, germinate to produce a new gametophyte which, in its embryonic state, is called the Protonema. It will be observed that the. Fig. 595. An Ascomycetous Fungus—Peziza— A, showing section through complete spore- bearing body—the apothecium; h, the hyme- nium: s, the hyphae, forming false tissue; B, enlarged section of a portion of above showing a, b, c, d, e,f,
RMRDTNK7–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. CliYI'TOGAMS 191 bowl-shaped, or even club-.sliaped. The hirgest have apothecia several Indies across, but the commoner kinds. 311. Peziza on wood. 312. Section of apothecium; 7i, hymeuium. are a quarter inch or less in diameter. The interior of tlie saucer is lined by a laj'er (Ji//menium, Fig. 312) made up of spore sacs (Fi.g'- 313) and sterile filaments that grow up between them. When ripe, tlie (eiglit) s
![. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDCT1H/comparative-morphology-and-biology-of-the-fungi-mycetozoa-and-bacteria-plant-morphology-fungi-myxomycetes-bacteriology-fquot-i-fig-89-lecauora-subfiitca-median-section-through-a-young-apothecium-swollen-up-in-ammonia-somewhat-diagranunatically-represented-h-h-hymenium-e-excipulum-from-which-spring-the-paraphyses-represented-by-strokes-run-ning-vertically-towards-h-sh-ascogenous-hyphae-givmg-rise-to-the-asci-r-lind-9n-medullary-layer-of-the-thallus-which-forms-a-rim-round-the-excipulum-the-round-bodies-are-the-algal-cells-contained-m-the-thallus-magn-190-tunes-this-is-RDCT1H.jpg ". Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo")
RMRDCT1H–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is
RMRE093B–. A manual of structural botany; an introductory textbook for students of science and pharmacy. Plant morphology. Fig. 595. An Ascomycetous Fungus—Peziza— A, showing section through complete spore- bearing body—the apothecium; h, the hyme- nium: s, the hyphae, forming false tissue; B, enlarged section of a portion of above showing a, b, c, d, e,f, asci, in various sizes and in various stages of spore development taking place within them, spores are mature in /, sh, the false paren- chyma made up of intertwining hyphae.. Fig. 596. Showing the development of sporo- phyte of moss: St, apex of ste
RMRDX3GF–. Lichens. Lichens. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 157 size, rarely more than i cm. in diameter (Fig. 88); there is no development in lichen fruits equal to the cup-like ascomata of the larger Pezizae. In. Fig. 88. Lecanora subfusca Ach. A, thallus and apothecia x 3; B, vertical section of apothecium. a, hymenium; by hypo- thecium; c, thalline margin or amphithecium; d, gonidia. X 60 (after Reinke). most cases the lichen apothecium retains its vitality as a spore-bearing organ for a considerable period, sometimes for several years, and it is strengthened and protected by one or more external margins of s
RMRDTNK1–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. 311. Peziza on wood. 312. Section of apothecium; 7i, hymeuium. are a quarter inch or less in diameter. The interior of tlie saucer is lined by a laj'er (Ji//menium, Fig. 312) made up of spore sacs (Fi.g'- 313) and sterile filaments that grow up between them. When ripe, tlie (eiglit) spores escape by the rupture of the sac (ascus'). On germinating, the spores give rise to mycelia, the apothe- cia not ap- peari
RMRDEG03–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 8o MYCOtOGY. Fig. 26.—A foliaceous lichen, Parmelia perlata. i, Plant slightly reduced in size; a, apothecia; b, lobe of thallus; c, patches of soredia; 2, longitudinal section of apothecium and cross-section of thallus; o, ascus; b, c, hypothecium; d. upper gonidial (upper algal) layer; e, medullary layer; /, lower gonidial layer; g, lower cortical layer; I, 3, cross-section of vegetative thallus. (From Gager. After Schneider.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
RMRE0KDX–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. 514 LICHENACEI. [thblotkema. p. 45.—Lichen lepadinus Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 30. Lichen in- clmus Eng. Bot. t. 678.—Brit. Eccs.: Leight. n. 121; Mudd, n. 268.. Kg. 73. Thelotrema lepadinum Aah.—A. Section of apothecium, X 30. B. Theoa and paraphyses, x250. 0. Two spores, x350. The thallus varies somewliat in thiclmess, and at times, especially when growing on holly, is determinate and marked by a narrow, black, hypothalline line. In a young state the apothecia
RMRE0N4N–. A manual of botany. Botany. 84 MANUAL OF BOTANY apothecium. Hyphse from the sterile tissue are interwoven with the filaments from the carpogonium, so that the apothecium is derived from both. The surface layer of the apothecium is Fig. 838. Fig. 840.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Green, J. Reynolds (Joseph Reynolds), 1848-1914. London, J. & A. Churchill
RMRDJECD–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 8. 600 LECIDEA (MYCOBLASTUS) SANGUINARIA Ach. (I. Plant, /). Portion of thallus and apotheoia. c. Vertical section of thalhis. d. Vertical section of apothecium. e. Ascus with spore and paraplijses.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). De
RMRDJE9T–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 14 I I. rjEC!IOGRAPHA PARASITICA Massal. a. Plant on lichen. 6. Portion of host and apothecia. c. Vertical section of apothecium. d. Ascus and paraphysis. e. Spores,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Mor
RMRE1GD2–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Fig. 15. Lci^toqium tenuissimum Koerb.—a. Thalline lacinife, X30. b. Transverse section of thallus, x200. c. Section of apothecium (when dry), x30. d. Spores, X500.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Morrison,
RMRDXT1C–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. ASCOMYCETES—EUASCI—PI-IACIDIUM 255. Fig. 83. Section through apothecium found on leaf; the asci, ascospores and mycelium. Combs.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Pammel, L. H. (Louis Hermann), 1862-1931. Cedar Rapids, Ia. , The Torch Press
RMRDJDY1–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. XodO GEAPHINA SOPHISTICA Muell. Arg. 1.1.1. a. Plant on balk. h. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vevtieal section ol ol 0 of thallus. li. A'ertical section of apothecium. c. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural Histor
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